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Keqiang Qiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • organic oxalate as leachant and precipitant for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion Batteries
    Waste Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: Liang Sun, Keqiang Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries containing lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium are considered as an attractive secondary resource. In this work, an environmentally compatible process based on vacuum pyrolysis, oxalate leaching and precipitation is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Oxalate is introduced as leaching reagent meanwhile as precipitant which leaches and precipitates cobalt from LiCoO 2 and CoO directly as CoC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O with 1.0 M oxalate solution at 80 °C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L −1 for 120 min. The reaction efficiency of more than 98% of LiCoO 2 can be achieved and cobalt and lithium can also be separated efficiently during the hydrometallurgical process. The combined process is simple and adequate for the recovery of valuable metals from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

  • vacuum pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion Batteries
    Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011
    Co-Authors: Liang Sun, Keqiang Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries contain lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium together with other hazardous materials, which are considered as an attractive secondary resource and environmental contaminant. In this work, a novel process involving vacuum pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical technique was developed for the combined recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. The results of vacuum pyrolysis of cathode material showed that the cathode powder composing of LiCoO 2 and CoO peeled completely from aluminum foils under the following experimental conditions: temperature of 600 °C, vacuum evaporation time of 30 min, and residual gas pressure of 1.0 kPa. Over 99% of cobalt and lithium could be recovered from peeled cobalt lithium oxides with 2 M sulfuric acid leaching solution at 80 °C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L −1 for 60 min. This technology offers an efficient way to recycle valuable materials from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries, and it is feasible to scale up and help to reduce the environmental pollution of spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Liang Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • organic oxalate as leachant and precipitant for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion Batteries
    Waste Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: Liang Sun, Keqiang Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries containing lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium are considered as an attractive secondary resource. In this work, an environmentally compatible process based on vacuum pyrolysis, oxalate leaching and precipitation is applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Oxalate is introduced as leaching reagent meanwhile as precipitant which leaches and precipitates cobalt from LiCoO 2 and CoO directly as CoC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O with 1.0 M oxalate solution at 80 °C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L −1 for 120 min. The reaction efficiency of more than 98% of LiCoO 2 can be achieved and cobalt and lithium can also be separated efficiently during the hydrometallurgical process. The combined process is simple and adequate for the recovery of valuable metals from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

  • vacuum pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion Batteries
    Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011
    Co-Authors: Liang Sun, Keqiang Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries contain lots of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium together with other hazardous materials, which are considered as an attractive secondary resource and environmental contaminant. In this work, a novel process involving vacuum pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical technique was developed for the combined recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. The results of vacuum pyrolysis of cathode material showed that the cathode powder composing of LiCoO 2 and CoO peeled completely from aluminum foils under the following experimental conditions: temperature of 600 °C, vacuum evaporation time of 30 min, and residual gas pressure of 1.0 kPa. Over 99% of cobalt and lithium could be recovered from peeled cobalt lithium oxides with 2 M sulfuric acid leaching solution at 80 °C and solid/liquid ratio of 50 g L −1 for 60 min. This technology offers an efficient way to recycle valuable materials from spent Lithium-Ion Batteries, and it is feasible to scale up and help to reduce the environmental pollution of spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Khalil Amine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal runaway of lithium ion Batteries without internal short circuit
    Joule, 2018
    Co-Authors: Xuning Feng, Xiangming He, Guiliang Xu, Minghao Zhuang, Khalil Amine, Jianqiu Li, Languang Lu, Minggao Ouyang
    Abstract:

    Summary We demonstrate herein that not only internal short circuiting, but also chemical crossover, is the mechanism behind thermal runaway that can occur in Lithium-Ion Batteries due to abuse conditions. In situ experiments showed that during thermal runaway, the cathode releases oxygen by a phase transition, and this oxygen is consumed by the lithiated anode. The released highly oxidative gas reacts with reductive LiCx with tremendous heat generation centered at 274.2°C with heat flow of 87.8 W g−1. To confirm the proposed mechanism, we froze a battery undergoing the thermal runaway process by liquid nitrogen and subjected it to detailed post-test analysis. Our results revealed the hidden thermal runaway mechanism of chemical crossover between the battery components without a severe internal short circuit. These findings provide an important insight into the rational design of automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries as well as solid-state Batteries.

  • State-of-the-art characterization techniques for advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries
    Nature Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jun Lu, Tianpin Wu, Khalil Amine
    Abstract:

    To meet future needs for industries from personal devices to automobiles, state-of-the-art rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries will require both improved durability and lowered costs. To enhance battery performance and lifetime, understanding electrode degradation mechanisms is of critical importance. Various advanced in situ and operando characterization tools developed during the past few years have proven indispensable for optimizing battery materials, understanding cell degradation mechanisms, and ultimately improving the overall battery performance. Here we review recent progress in the development and application of advanced characterization techniques such as in situ transmission electron microscopy for high-performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Using three representative electrode systems—layered metal oxides, Li-rich layered oxides and Si-based or Sn-based alloys—we discuss how these tools help researchers understand the battery process and design better battery systems. We also summarize the application of the characterization techniques to lithium–sulfur and lithium–air Batteries and highlight the importance of those techniques in the development of next-generation Batteries.

  • Titanium-based anode materials for safe Lithium-Ion Batteries
    Advanced Functional Materials, 2013
    Co-Authors: Zonghai Chen, Y. K. Sun, Ilias Belharouak, Khalil Amine
    Abstract:

    Lithium-Ion Batteries have been long considered a promising energy storage technology for electrification of the transportation system. However, the poor safety characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries is one of several technological barriers that hinder their deployment for automobile applications. Within the field of battery research and development, titanium-based anode materials have recently attracted widespread attention due to their significantly better thermal stability than the conventional graphite anode. In this chapter, the fundamental properties and promising electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials will be discussed for applications in hybrid electric vehicles.

  • Molecular engineering towards safer Lithium-Ion Batteries: a highly stable and compatible redox shuttle for overcharge protection
    Energy and Environmental Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lu Zhang, Paul C Redfern, Larry A. Curtiss, Zhengcheng Zhang, Khalil Amine
    Abstract:

    Overcharge abuse is one of the most common and dangerous safety issues with state-of-the-art Lithium-Ion Batteries. Thus, incorporation of overcharge prevention into the Lithium-Ion battery pack is key to its practical application. Redox shuttle molecules that can be reversibly oxidized and reduced at specific potentials (redox potential) provide an effective and economic method to prevent overcharge abuse for Lithium-Ion Batteries. We have developed a novel oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized redox shuttle, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)benzene (DBBB), that is not only capable of providing efficient and long-lasting overcharge protection to Lithium-Ion Batteries (capable of withstanding over 180 cycles of 100% overcharge at the C/2 rate), but is also compatible with the state-of-the-art Lithium-Ion cell system. Density functional theory calculations provided an understanding of the stability properties of this new redox shuttle.

  • Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate as Salt for Lithium-Ion Batteries
    Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 2007
    Co-Authors: Zonghai Chen, Khalil Amine
    Abstract:

    Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate is reported as a salt for high-performance Lithium-Ion Batteries with improved cycle life and power capability. The experimental results showed that lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, LiC 2 O 4 BF 2 , can be reduced at about 1.7 V vs Li + /Li and forms a robust protective SEI film on the graphite surface, as lithium bis(oxalato)borate does. The Lithium-Ion cells using lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate-based electrolyte had very good capacity retention at 55°C. The Lithium-Ion cells using the lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate-based electrolyte had very low interfacial impedance. Therefore, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate is a promising salt for advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries with improved capacity retention and power capability.

Jeffrey W Fergus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ceramic and polymeric solid electrolytes for lithium ion Batteries
    Journal of Power Sources, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Fergus
    Abstract:

    Lithium-Ion Batteries are important for energy storage in a wide variety of applications including consumer electronics, transportation and large-scale energy production. The performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries depends on the materials used. One critical component is the electrolyte, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, inorganic ceramic and organic polymer solid-electrolyte materials are reviewed. Solid electrolytes provide advantages in terms of simplicity of design and operational safety, but typically have conductivities that are lower than those of organic liquid electrolytes. This paper provides a comparison of the conductivities of solid-electrolyte materials being used or developed for use in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

  • Recent developments in cathode materials for lithium ion Batteries
    Journal of Power Sources, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Fergus
    Abstract:

    Abstract One of the challenges for improving the performance of lithium ion Batteries to meet increasingly demanding requirements for energy storage is the development of suitable cathode materials. Cathode materials must be able to accept and release lithium ions repeatedly (for recharging) and quickly (for high current). Transition metal oxides based on the α-NaFeO 2 , spinel and olivine structures have shown promise, but improvements are needed to reduce cost and extend effective lifetime. In this paper, recent developments in cathode materials for lithium ion Batteries are reviewed. This includes comparison of the performance characteristics of the promising cathode materials and approaches for improving their performances.

Yingjun Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • multifunctional imidazolium based ionic liquid as additive for silicon carbon lithium ion Batteries
    Electrochimica Acta, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yingjun Cai, Nicolas Von Solms, Haitao Zhang, Kaj Thomsen
    Abstract:

    Abstract A novel multifunctional ionic liquid additive 1-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([PIVM][TFSA]) is designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of silicon-based lithium ion Batteries. Due to its multifunctional groups, this ionic liquid has the potential to improve silicon based lithium ion Batteries. The basic group binds water and thereby keeps the formation of hydrogen fluoride (HF) at a low level. The vinyl group of the ionic liquid contributes to the formation of a uniform passivating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film in silicon-based lithium ion Batteries. The cycle life of the silicon-carbon half-cells with this ionic liquid is improved greatly. After 50 cycles, the capacity retention of half-cells with presence of ionic liquid is obviously higher than that of cells without ionic liquid. Electrochemical methods are used to analyze the effect of the ionic liquid. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to detect the structure and components of the SEI layer.