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D P Poppi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formulating diets based on whole cassava tuber manihot esculenta and gliricidia gliricidia sepium increased feed intake Liveweight Gain and income over feed cost of ongole and bali bulls fed low quality forage in central sulawesi indonesia
Animal Production Science, 2021Co-Authors: I W Sulendre, M Takdir, K J Harper, D P PoppiAbstract:Context Formulating rations with high energy and protein feeds such as cassava tuber and gliricidia, is an important strategy to increase Liveweight Gain (LWG) of bulls and improve profitability of smallholder farmers in Indonesia. Aims Two on-farm experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing the supplementation level of a mixture of cassava (Manihot esculenta) whole root tuber powder and fresh gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on feed intake and LWG of Ongole and Bali bulls given fresh corn stover and elephant grass, respectively. Methods Two experiments were conducted, each with five treatments: a basal diet of fresh corn stover (Experiment 1 for Ongole bulls) or elephant grass (Experiment 2 for Bali bulls) fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with a combination of cassava tuber (whole root tuber including peel, sun-dried and ground) and fresh, chopped gliricidia (1:1) on estimated dry matter (DM) basis, at DM levels of 0.4, 0.8, 1,2 and 1.6% Liveweight (LW)/day. Each experiment was run for 18 weeks, consisting of a two week adaptation and 16 week experimental period. Parameters measured included basal DM intake, supplement DM intake, total DM intake, total water intake, faecal pH, daily LWG, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and income over feed cost (IOFC). Key results Increasing supplement level linearly (P 0.05) by increasing supplement intake. Inclusion of cassava tuber and gliricidia supplement up to 1.6% LW/day, increased total feed DM intake (up to 3.28 and 3.18% LW/day, for Ongole and Bali bulls, respectively) and LWG (maximum Ongole bulls 0.69 kg/day and Bali bulls 0.46 kg/day). Daily income over feed cost (IOFC) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in association with increased supplement intake in both Experiments 1 and 2. Using the derived model without supplementation, the value of IOFC was only IDR 7802/day and IDR 7687/day, for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The highest IOFC was achieved at a supplement intake of 1.6% LW/day with values of IDR 13 949/day and IDR 12 543/day for Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusions The addition of a cassava tuber and gliricidia mixture up to 1.6% LW/day increased LWG and profit for smallholders fattening bulls. Implications Formulating a ration with cassava tuber and gliricidia can be economically beneficial in cattle fattening systems in Indonesia.
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intake and Liveweight Gain of fattening cattle is depressed at high levels of cassava bagasse inclusion in a quadratic dose response relationship
Animal Production Science, 2020Co-Authors: F C Cowley, Asri N Huda, Hendrawan Soetanto, D P PoppiAbstract:Abstract Context Cassava bagasse is readily available in tropical countries as an energy source for ruminant diets, but previous research has shown low cattle performance at high inclusion rates. Aims The nature of the dose–response relationship between increasing inclusion rate of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) bagasse (CB), substituting for protein meals in diets of fattening cattle, was used to evaluate the reduced animal performance at high inclusion rates. Methods Thirty growing Madura (Bos indicus × javanicus) bulls were fed concentrate-based diets with five levels of CB inclusion at 20 g dry matter (DM)/kg Liveweight and elephant grass (Pennesetum purpureum) separately at 5 g DM/kg Liveweight. The five tested CB inclusion rates into the offered diet were 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% of total dry matter. Lines of best fit were used to describe the relationships between animal performance and CB inclusion rate. Key results Intake of dry matter and concentrate both demonstrated a quadratic relationship with increasing CB inclusion, both maximised at 46–47% CB inclusion in the offered diet or a CB intake of ~9.7 g CB/kg Liveweight. Liveweight Gain and change in body condition score both demonstrated a quadratic dose–response relationship with increasing CB inclusion, with maximal performance achieved at 34–38% inclusion of CB. Although protein content at the highest level of CB inclusion was low (68 g/kg DM), modelling of predicted Liveweight Gain indicated that this was most constrained by energy intake (as a function of concentrate intake), rather than crude protein. Conclusions Inclusion of CB up to ~45% of the diet, substituting for protein meals, does not improve, but has no detrimental effect, on Liveweight Gain. The plateauing of CB intake above 50% inclusion in in the offered diet suggests that cattle were eating to a maximal CB intake. Several hypotheses for reduced intake of concentrate at high levels of CB inclusion were proposed, including low protein content and hydrogen cyanide content of the CB, none of which satisfactorily explained why intake of concentrate was depressed above 50% CB inclusion of the diet on offer. Implications Rations should be formulated to contain no more than 50% CB for maximal cattle performance. Further research is required to understand the causes of depressed intake at high inclusion rates of CB.
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liquid phase denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of rumen bacteria from brahman cross steers selected into two groups on the basis of post weaning Liveweight Gain on low crude protein pasture
Animal Production Science, 2012Co-Authors: E D Martinez, D Ouwerkerk, A V Klieve, K E Turnbull, S P Quigley, S Streeter, A J Swain, D P PoppiAbstract:Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship between rumen liquid-associated bacterial community structures and post-weaning Liveweight Gain (LWG) of Brahman crossbred steers. Bacterial diversity was assessed using denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In Experiment 1, 16 steers were selected from a group of 100 steers by pairing steers with the same weaning weight, but different LWG 90 days after weaning (n = 8 highest growth, 0.21±0.01 kg/day; and n = 8 lowest growth 0.07±0.01 kg/day). Thereafter, steers were allocated to a 28-day pen study and fed Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) hay to examine DM intake and digestibility, rumen parameters and rumen microbial community in these two groups. Rumen fluid samples were taken by stomach tube 3 h after feeding on the last day of the pen phase. In Experiment 2, 12 pairs of weaned steers were selected from a group of 203 steers on the same basis as Experiment 1. The post-weaning LWG were 0.20±0.03 and 0.02±0.03 kg/day for the 12 highest and 12 lowest growth animals selected, respectively. Steers then grazed dry season Sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis) dominant pasture for 21 days, before rumen sampling 3 h after morning grazing by stomach tubing on the last day. In Experiment 1, there were no significant differences between the two groups in DM intake, digestibility, ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or the VFA proportion. In Experiments 1 and 2, rumen ammonia-N concentration was similar between LWG groups and there was no evidence of a relationship between liquid-phase DGGE profiles of rumen bacteria and high or low post-weaning LWG using multivariate analyses. Furthermore, the number of detected DGGE bands, the ShannonWiener and evenness indexes were not different between LWG groups. This DGGE analysis of the most abundant groups of rumen fluid-associated bacteria suggests that microbial populations were not related with the differences observed in post-weaning LWG within a group of weaners fed low crude protein diets.
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the Liveweight Gain response of heifers to supplements of molasses or maize while grazing irrigated leucaena leucocephala digitaria eriantha pastures in north west australia
Animal Production Science, 2011Co-Authors: S R Petty, D P PoppiAbstract:This experiment in the Ord River Irrigation area (ORIA) of north Western Australia evaluated the Liveweight Gain of cattle rotationally grazing leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham)/pangola (Digitaria eriantha cv. Steudel) pastures alone, or supplemented with four levels of molasses (1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00 kg molasses/head.day, as fed or fresh weight basis) or two levels of cracked maize supplementation (0.75, 1.50 kg/head.day, as fed or fresh weight basis). Seventy Bos indicus cross heifers [~12 months of age, mean initial weight 252 ± 3.8 (s.e.) kg] were allocated to the seven treatments and two replicates of each treatment (five cattle per replicate plus five additional similar heifers) with the stocking rate set at 6.25 head/ha. The experiment was conducted over 106 days of the dry season (August–November). Each replicate paddock of 0.4 ha was rotationally grazed with 10 animals with a 7-day grazing period and a 21-day regrowth period for each rotation. The mean herbage mass, residual herbage mass and herbage allowance for the experiment were 3.78 t DM/ha, 3.07 t DM/ha and 7.32 kg DM/100 kg Liveweight, respectively. Pangola contributed a mean of 0.79 of the herbage mass. There was a significant quadratic response of Liveweight Gain to level of molasses supplement (P < 0.0087) with an optimum Liveweight Gain of 1.08 kg/head.day at a supplement level of 2.65 kg molasses/head.day or 8.9 g/kg LW.day derived from the quadratic equation. The quadratic equation was: Liveweight Gain = 0.763(±0.0644) + 0.241(±0.0658) * M – 0.046(±0.0126) * M2 (where M is level of molasses supplement kg/head.day). There was no significant response to level of maize supplement. There were no significant differences between treatments in the concentration of rumen ammonia N or volatile fatty acids or in the molar proportion of volatile fatty acids. It was concluded that molasses can be used effectively to increase the Liveweight Gain of cattle grazing leucaena/pangola pasture at a level of ~8.9 g/kg LW.day.
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effect of maize supplementation seasonal temperature and humidity on the Liveweight Gain of steers grazing irrigated leucaena leucocephala digitaria eriantha pastures in north west australia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998Co-Authors: S R Petty, D P Poppi, T TrigloneAbstract:Brahman Shorthorn steers (213 ± 4.6 kg initial weight) were grazed on a pangola (Digitaria eriantha cv. Steudel) pasture interplanted with leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham) in rows 1.8-2.7 m apart in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in north-west Western Australia. The leucaena comprised a mean of 46% of the diet but ranged from 100 % of the diet on day 1 to c. 18 % on day 7 of a 7-day grazing period, within the rotational grazing system. It was suggested that the low herbage allowance of leucaena may have restricted the intake of the steers, reducing the quantity and quality of the herbage consumed. The steers were also supplemented with maize during the dry and wet seasons (1992 and 1992/93). The maize supplement was offered at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg/head per day, over a 168-day period. Maize supplementation at 1.5 kg maize per head per day resulted in an increase in the Liveweight Gain of the steers grazing leucaena/pangola pastures in the dry season from 0.73±0.05 kg/day (mean±S.E.) for no supplementation to 1.1±0.05 kg/day for 1.5 kg/head per day of maize. Maize supplementation up to 2.0 kg/day did not further increase the Liveweight Gain. A high rate of substitution of leucaena and pangola intake for the maize supplement occurred. There was a large seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain (mean 0.89 v. 0.63 kg/day for the dry and wet seasons respectively; P < 0.001) irrespective of the level of maize supplementation. This seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain was not primarily a function of the herbage on offer, but was most probably a direct function of the effect of the seasonal temperature and humidity influencing the feed intake and growth rate of these Brahman crossbred cattle. This system produced some of the higher Liveweight Gains recorded per hectare for a grazing system (1570-2110 kg/ha per year), as a result of the very good individual Liveweight Gains (250-340 kg/head per year) and high stocking rate (6.25 head/ha).
S R Petty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Liveweight Gain response of heifers to supplements of molasses or maize while grazing irrigated leucaena leucocephala digitaria eriantha pastures in north west australia
Animal Production Science, 2011Co-Authors: S R Petty, D P PoppiAbstract:This experiment in the Ord River Irrigation area (ORIA) of north Western Australia evaluated the Liveweight Gain of cattle rotationally grazing leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham)/pangola (Digitaria eriantha cv. Steudel) pastures alone, or supplemented with four levels of molasses (1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00 kg molasses/head.day, as fed or fresh weight basis) or two levels of cracked maize supplementation (0.75, 1.50 kg/head.day, as fed or fresh weight basis). Seventy Bos indicus cross heifers [~12 months of age, mean initial weight 252 ± 3.8 (s.e.) kg] were allocated to the seven treatments and two replicates of each treatment (five cattle per replicate plus five additional similar heifers) with the stocking rate set at 6.25 head/ha. The experiment was conducted over 106 days of the dry season (August–November). Each replicate paddock of 0.4 ha was rotationally grazed with 10 animals with a 7-day grazing period and a 21-day regrowth period for each rotation. The mean herbage mass, residual herbage mass and herbage allowance for the experiment were 3.78 t DM/ha, 3.07 t DM/ha and 7.32 kg DM/100 kg Liveweight, respectively. Pangola contributed a mean of 0.79 of the herbage mass. There was a significant quadratic response of Liveweight Gain to level of molasses supplement (P < 0.0087) with an optimum Liveweight Gain of 1.08 kg/head.day at a supplement level of 2.65 kg molasses/head.day or 8.9 g/kg LW.day derived from the quadratic equation. The quadratic equation was: Liveweight Gain = 0.763(±0.0644) + 0.241(±0.0658) * M – 0.046(±0.0126) * M2 (where M is level of molasses supplement kg/head.day). There was no significant response to level of maize supplement. There were no significant differences between treatments in the concentration of rumen ammonia N or volatile fatty acids or in the molar proportion of volatile fatty acids. It was concluded that molasses can be used effectively to increase the Liveweight Gain of cattle grazing leucaena/pangola pasture at a level of ~8.9 g/kg LW.day.
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effect of maize supplementation seasonal temperature and humidity on the Liveweight Gain of steers grazing irrigated leucaena leucocephala digitaria eriantha pastures in north west australia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998Co-Authors: S R Petty, D P Poppi, T TrigloneAbstract:Brahman Shorthorn steers (213 ± 4.6 kg initial weight) were grazed on a pangola (Digitaria eriantha cv. Steudel) pasture interplanted with leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham) in rows 1.8-2.7 m apart in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in north-west Western Australia. The leucaena comprised a mean of 46% of the diet but ranged from 100 % of the diet on day 1 to c. 18 % on day 7 of a 7-day grazing period, within the rotational grazing system. It was suggested that the low herbage allowance of leucaena may have restricted the intake of the steers, reducing the quantity and quality of the herbage consumed. The steers were also supplemented with maize during the dry and wet seasons (1992 and 1992/93). The maize supplement was offered at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg/head per day, over a 168-day period. Maize supplementation at 1.5 kg maize per head per day resulted in an increase in the Liveweight Gain of the steers grazing leucaena/pangola pastures in the dry season from 0.73±0.05 kg/day (mean±S.E.) for no supplementation to 1.1±0.05 kg/day for 1.5 kg/head per day of maize. Maize supplementation up to 2.0 kg/day did not further increase the Liveweight Gain. A high rate of substitution of leucaena and pangola intake for the maize supplement occurred. There was a large seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain (mean 0.89 v. 0.63 kg/day for the dry and wet seasons respectively; P < 0.001) irrespective of the level of maize supplementation. This seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain was not primarily a function of the herbage on offer, but was most probably a direct function of the effect of the seasonal temperature and humidity influencing the feed intake and growth rate of these Brahman crossbred cattle. This system produced some of the higher Liveweight Gains recorded per hectare for a grazing system (1570-2110 kg/ha per year), as a result of the very good individual Liveweight Gains (250-340 kg/head per year) and high stocking rate (6.25 head/ha).
T. N. Barry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of forage legumes containing condensed tannins on lungworm dictyocaulus sp and gastrointestinal parasitism in young red deer cervus elaphus
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. Barry, G. C. S. WaghornAbstract:To investigate the effect of feeding forage legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) on internal parasitism, red deer calves were fed either lucerne (Medicago sativa; 0.1 per cent CT), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus; 1.9 per cent CT) or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium; 3.5 per cent CT) and trickle-infected with deer-origin gastrointestinal nematode and lungworm (Dictyocaulus sp.) larvae for 5 weeks, then slaughtered at 7 weeks. There was a significant negative linear relationship between dietary CT concentration and abomasal nematode burdens. No significant differences in faecal egg counts, lungworm burdens or voluntary feed intake were found. Deer fed sulla had higher Liveweight Gain, carcass weight and carcass dressing-out percentage, higher serum total protein and albumin concentration and lower serum gastrin concentration and faecal lungworm larval count, compared with lucerne-fed deer. Inclusion of sulla in diets for young red deer may reduce the impact of internal parasites and/or reduce the dependence on anthelmintic treatment.
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a model for study of lungworm dictyocaulus sp and gastrointestinal nematode infection in young red deer cervus elaphus
Veterinary Parasitology, 2000Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. BarryAbstract:Abstract A model of sub-clinical parasitism in young red deer, using concurrent trickle infections of lungworm ( Dictyocaulus sp.) and mixed gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes of deer-origin was evaluated. 20 parasite-free deer calves were artificially reared indoors from 4 days of age. A further five calves were naturally reared on pasture with their dams, treated with anthelmintic and brought indoors at 3–4 months. At 4–4.5 months of age they were individually housed and allocated to five groups ( n =5). Groups were dosed 3× per week, for 9 weeks with 0, 100 and 500, 200 and 1000 (2 groups), 400 and 2000 infective larvae of lungworm and mixed GI nematodes, respectively, cultured from deer faeces. Liveweight and voluntary feed intake measurements and faecal and blood samples were taken weekly. In the fourth week following cessation of trickle infection, deer were euthanased and lung and GI nematodes recovered. Both lungworm and GI nematode infections became patent at Week 4 of infection. Maximum group arithmetic mean faecal egg counts were 100–190 epg. Maximum group arithmetic mean faecal lungworm larval counts were 58–123 lpg. Group arithmetic mean nematode counts at slaughter ranged from 439–806 for GI nematodes and 31–73 for lungworm, respectively. Despite low nematode counts, reduced Liveweight Gain, voluntary feed intake and serum albumin concentration, elevated serum pepsinogen, gastrin and globulin concentrations and elevated peripheral eosinophil counts and slight haemoconcentration, but no clinical signs, were observed. The reduction in Liveweight Gain was related to the reduction in voluntary feed intake ( r 2 =0.83; p
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growth and carcass production of young farmed deer grazing sulla hedysarum coronarium chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne white clover trifolium repens pasture in new zealand
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1999Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. Barry, P D KempAbstract:Liveweight Gain, voluntary feed intake, and carcass production were compared for pure red and hybrid (0.75 red: 0.25 elk) deer calves grazing sulla (Hedysarum coronarium cv. Necton), chicory (Cicho...
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the effects of grazing chicory cichorium intybus and birdsfoot trefoil lotus corniculatus on venison and velvet production by young red and hybrid deer
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1997Co-Authors: B R Min, P R Wilson, T. N. Barry, P D KempAbstract:Abstract The effects of grazing chicory, Lotus corniculatus, and perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on growth, voluntary feed intake (VFI), and venison and velvet production was studied in red and hybrid deer from weaning to slaughter at one year of age. Twenty five percent of red and 75% of hybrid stags attained the target slaughter weight (50 kg carcass or greater) when grazing pasture and spiker velvet antler weight was low (approximately 0.2 kg/stag). Mean carcass weight of deer grazing chicory was higher than for deer grazing pasture (P < 0.05), due to increased Liveweight Gain (LWG) in both autumn and spring, and to higher dressing‐out percentage at slaughter. Carcass weights for red and hybrid stags were 56.0 and 59.3 kg, respectively, when grazed on chicory and 48.6 and 53.3 kg, respectively, when grazed on pasture (P < 0.01). Hybrid hinds grazing chicory had a significantly higher carcass weight (P < 0.05) and dressing‐out percentage (P < 0.01) than those grazing pasture. Chicory had a highe...
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effect of condensed tannins in lotus corniculatus upon lactation performance in ewes
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1996Co-Authors: Y Wang, T. N. Barry, G B Douglas, G C Waghorn, A G FooteAbstract:A grazing experiment was conducted for 8 weeks in the spring/summer of 1993 at Palmerston North, New Zealand, to study the effects of condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie) upon the lactation performance of ewes rearing twin lambs. Effects of CT were evaluated by studying the responses of ewes to twice daily oral supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG; MW 3500), which binds and inactivates CT. A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance was used. Measurements were made of pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, voluntary feed intake (VF1), milk yield and composition, Liveweight Gain and wool production. The concentration of metabolites in rumen fluid and in blood plasma was also measured. Lotus contained 35–5 g total nitrogen and 44–5 g total CT/kg dry matter in the diet selected, with an in vitro digestibility of 73%. At peak lactation (weeks 3 and 4) milk yield and composition were similar for control (CT-acting) and PEG-supplemented (CTinactivated) ewes but, as lactation progressed, the decline in milk production and in the secretion rates of protein and lactose were less for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes. In mid and late lactation (weeks 6–11), control ewes secreted more milk (21 %), more milk protein (14%) and more lactose (12%) than PEG-supplemented ewes. Milk fat percentage was lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but secretion rates of fat were similar for the two groups. VFI, Liveweight Gain and wool growth were similar for both groups. Plasma urea and glucose concentrations were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), growth hormone and insulin were similar for the two groups. The concentrations of ammonia and molar proportions of iso -butyric, iso -and n -valeric acids in rumen fluid were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes; molar proportions of acetic, propionic and H-butyric acids were similar for the two groups. It was concluded that for ewes rearing twin lambs grazing L. corniculatus , the action of CT increased milk yield and the secretion rates of protein and lactose without affecting VFI, thereby increasing the efficiency of milk production. The increased milk production did not appear to be mediated by effects on plasma concentrations of growth hormone or insulin.
T Triglone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of maize supplementation seasonal temperature and humidity on the Liveweight Gain of steers grazing irrigated leucaena leucocephala digitaria eriantha pastures in north west australia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998Co-Authors: S R Petty, D P Poppi, T TrigloneAbstract:Brahman Shorthorn steers (213 ± 4.6 kg initial weight) were grazed on a pangola (Digitaria eriantha cv. Steudel) pasture interplanted with leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham) in rows 1.8-2.7 m apart in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in north-west Western Australia. The leucaena comprised a mean of 46% of the diet but ranged from 100 % of the diet on day 1 to c. 18 % on day 7 of a 7-day grazing period, within the rotational grazing system. It was suggested that the low herbage allowance of leucaena may have restricted the intake of the steers, reducing the quantity and quality of the herbage consumed. The steers were also supplemented with maize during the dry and wet seasons (1992 and 1992/93). The maize supplement was offered at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg/head per day, over a 168-day period. Maize supplementation at 1.5 kg maize per head per day resulted in an increase in the Liveweight Gain of the steers grazing leucaena/pangola pastures in the dry season from 0.73±0.05 kg/day (mean±S.E.) for no supplementation to 1.1±0.05 kg/day for 1.5 kg/head per day of maize. Maize supplementation up to 2.0 kg/day did not further increase the Liveweight Gain. A high rate of substitution of leucaena and pangola intake for the maize supplement occurred. There was a large seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain (mean 0.89 v. 0.63 kg/day for the dry and wet seasons respectively; P < 0.001) irrespective of the level of maize supplementation. This seasonal difference in Liveweight Gain was not primarily a function of the herbage on offer, but was most probably a direct function of the effect of the seasonal temperature and humidity influencing the feed intake and growth rate of these Brahman crossbred cattle. This system produced some of the higher Liveweight Gains recorded per hectare for a grazing system (1570-2110 kg/ha per year), as a result of the very good individual Liveweight Gains (250-340 kg/head per year) and high stocking rate (6.25 head/ha).
S O Hoskin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of forage legumes containing condensed tannins on lungworm dictyocaulus sp and gastrointestinal parasitism in young red deer cervus elaphus
Research in Veterinary Science, 2000Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. Barry, G. C. S. WaghornAbstract:To investigate the effect of feeding forage legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) on internal parasitism, red deer calves were fed either lucerne (Medicago sativa; 0.1 per cent CT), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus; 1.9 per cent CT) or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium; 3.5 per cent CT) and trickle-infected with deer-origin gastrointestinal nematode and lungworm (Dictyocaulus sp.) larvae for 5 weeks, then slaughtered at 7 weeks. There was a significant negative linear relationship between dietary CT concentration and abomasal nematode burdens. No significant differences in faecal egg counts, lungworm burdens or voluntary feed intake were found. Deer fed sulla had higher Liveweight Gain, carcass weight and carcass dressing-out percentage, higher serum total protein and albumin concentration and lower serum gastrin concentration and faecal lungworm larval count, compared with lucerne-fed deer. Inclusion of sulla in diets for young red deer may reduce the impact of internal parasites and/or reduce the dependence on anthelmintic treatment.
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a model for study of lungworm dictyocaulus sp and gastrointestinal nematode infection in young red deer cervus elaphus
Veterinary Parasitology, 2000Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. BarryAbstract:Abstract A model of sub-clinical parasitism in young red deer, using concurrent trickle infections of lungworm ( Dictyocaulus sp.) and mixed gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes of deer-origin was evaluated. 20 parasite-free deer calves were artificially reared indoors from 4 days of age. A further five calves were naturally reared on pasture with their dams, treated with anthelmintic and brought indoors at 3–4 months. At 4–4.5 months of age they were individually housed and allocated to five groups ( n =5). Groups were dosed 3× per week, for 9 weeks with 0, 100 and 500, 200 and 1000 (2 groups), 400 and 2000 infective larvae of lungworm and mixed GI nematodes, respectively, cultured from deer faeces. Liveweight and voluntary feed intake measurements and faecal and blood samples were taken weekly. In the fourth week following cessation of trickle infection, deer were euthanased and lung and GI nematodes recovered. Both lungworm and GI nematode infections became patent at Week 4 of infection. Maximum group arithmetic mean faecal egg counts were 100–190 epg. Maximum group arithmetic mean faecal lungworm larval counts were 58–123 lpg. Group arithmetic mean nematode counts at slaughter ranged from 439–806 for GI nematodes and 31–73 for lungworm, respectively. Despite low nematode counts, reduced Liveweight Gain, voluntary feed intake and serum albumin concentration, elevated serum pepsinogen, gastrin and globulin concentrations and elevated peripheral eosinophil counts and slight haemoconcentration, but no clinical signs, were observed. The reduction in Liveweight Gain was related to the reduction in voluntary feed intake ( r 2 =0.83; p
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growth and carcass production of young farmed deer grazing sulla hedysarum coronarium chicory cichorium intybus or perennial ryegrass lolium perenne white clover trifolium repens pasture in new zealand
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1999Co-Authors: S O Hoskin, W.a.g. Charleston, P R Wilson, T. N. Barry, P D KempAbstract:Liveweight Gain, voluntary feed intake, and carcass production were compared for pure red and hybrid (0.75 red: 0.25 elk) deer calves grazing sulla (Hedysarum coronarium cv. Necton), chicory (Cicho...