The Experts below are selected from a list of 444 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Giorgio Ciprandi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Immunotherapeutics, 1996Co-Authors: Giorgio Ciprandi, S. Buscaglia, G. Walter CanonicaAbstract:Allergic conjunctivitis, unlike several other ocular diseases, is very seldom followed by permanent visual impairment; nevertheless its importance is due to both its frequency and its severity. A thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological aspects and clinical features of allergic conjunctivitis allows physicians to choose the best and most suitable management from the many alternatives. Management varies according to symptom severity and the characteristics of the allergic reaction; generally, it is based on environmental control, pharmacotherapy and, sometimes, specific immunotherapy. Topical vasoconstrictors, decongestant compounds or classic histamine H_1 antagonists, or combinations of these drugs, have been available for decades to treat the acute and/or persistent symptomatology, and to prevent the adverse effects of prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroids. Nevertheless, corticosteroids are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs, and are particularly recommended for the short term treatment of severe, acute symptomatology. Orally administered histamine H_1 receptor antagonists are effective and convenient for either short or long term treatment, especially since the newer second-generation compounds, such as cetirizine, loratadine and terfenadine, act also on the inflammatory process underlying the allergic event. Recently, other topical compounds such as sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium), nedocromil, Lodoxamide, spaglumic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been available. Sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, Lodoxamide and spaglumic acid exert an antiallergic activity by stabilising the mast cell membrane; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs represent an effective alternative to corticosteroids in some cases. The aim of this review is a global evaluation of the common and up-to-date pharmacologically available protocols in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Antiallergic activity of topical Lodoxamide on in vivo and in vitro models
Allergy, 1996Co-Authors: Giorgio Ciprandi, S. Buscaglia, A. Catrullo, F. Paolieri, A. M. Riccio, N. Fiorino, Giorgio Walter CanonicaAbstract:Lodoxamide is an antiallergic drug acting as a mast-cell stabilizer, which is effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lodoxamide eye-drops on the inflammatory early-phase reaction (EPR) changes induced by allergen-specific conjunctival challenge (ASCC). This was a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, including 10 outpatients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to Parietaria judaica. Patients received one drop of Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% or placebo 30 min before each ASCC. Clinical evaluation and cytologic assessment were done at baseline and 30 min after each ASCC. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in total symptom score and hyperemia during the EPR (P < 0.05). Lacrimation, itching/burning, and eyelid swelling were only slightly (nonsignificantly) reduced. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in the total number of inflammatory cells and neutrophils during the EPR (P < 0.02). Eosinophil and lymphocyte number and ICAM-1 expression showed only a slight, not statistically significant decrease. Placebo did not affect the studied parameters. Lodoxamide reduced early clinical events and cellular changes after ASCC consistently with its activity as mast-cell stabilizer. Moreover, Lodoxamide was able to downregulate in vitro ICAM-1 expression on the continuously cultured, differentiated conjunctival cell line WK. This was shown both in basal conditions (P < 0.05) and upon interferon-gamma stimulation (P < 0.03), although at high concentration.
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Lodoxamide Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1994Co-Authors: P. M. Cerqueti, Maria Angela Tosca, S. Buscaglia, Valdo Ricca, Giorgio CiprandiAbstract:Lodoxamide is an antiallergic compound. The present study evaluated the efficacy on clinical and cytological parameters and safety of topical Lodoxamide compared to placebo in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The trial, designed as double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and parallel group treatment, was carried out in 30 patients, suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to grass pollen, during the pollen season. Patients received Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% eye drops or placebo eye drops, one drop in each eye t.i.d. for 4 weeks. The clinical and cytological evidence was investigated by clinicians on admission and after 4 weeks’ treatment. At the end of the trial, only the Lodoxamide-treated group showed a significant clinical improvement, associated with a reduction of inflammatory cells. No serious side effects were observed. The results show the clinical efficacy of Lodoxamide in the treatment of pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis. In addition, Lodoxamide exerts its antiallergic activity by reducing inflammatory infiltrate (mainly eosinophils).
Mehmet Orhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Lodoxamide, disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Eye (London England), 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707.7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively--significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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effects of Lodoxamide disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Eye, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:Purpose We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Methods Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. Results In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707,7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively - significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Conclusions Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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Effect of Lodoxamide on tear leukotriene levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with ocular prosthesis
Ocular immunology and inflammation, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Mehmet Orhan, Murat Irkec, Ugur ErdenerAbstract:Leukotrienes have been shown to play a role in the patho-genesis of ocular inflammatory and allergic reactions like vernal kerato-conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. This study was designed to determine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels in the tears of patients with ocular prosthesis-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (OP-GPC) and to evaluate the effects of Lodoxamide 0.1% on tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of OP-GPC patients. Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were determined by an ELISA technique in the tears of ten OP-GPC patients before and after treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1% for one month. The results were compared with that of ten healthy control subjects. The mean tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. After treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1%, tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients decreased significantly. This is the first report of elevated LTB4 and LTC4 levels in tears ...
Ahmet Akman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Lodoxamide, disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Eye (London England), 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707.7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively--significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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effects of Lodoxamide disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Eye, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:Purpose We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Methods Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. Results In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707,7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively - significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Conclusions Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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Effect of Lodoxamide on tear leukotriene levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with ocular prosthesis
Ocular immunology and inflammation, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Mehmet Orhan, Murat Irkec, Ugur ErdenerAbstract:Leukotrienes have been shown to play a role in the patho-genesis of ocular inflammatory and allergic reactions like vernal kerato-conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. This study was designed to determine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels in the tears of patients with ocular prosthesis-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (OP-GPC) and to evaluate the effects of Lodoxamide 0.1% on tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of OP-GPC patients. Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were determined by an ELISA technique in the tears of ten OP-GPC patients before and after treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1% for one month. The results were compared with that of ten healthy control subjects. The mean tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. After treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1%, tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients decreased significantly. This is the first report of elevated LTB4 and LTC4 levels in tears ...
S. Buscaglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Immunotherapeutics, 1996Co-Authors: Giorgio Ciprandi, S. Buscaglia, G. Walter CanonicaAbstract:Allergic conjunctivitis, unlike several other ocular diseases, is very seldom followed by permanent visual impairment; nevertheless its importance is due to both its frequency and its severity. A thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological aspects and clinical features of allergic conjunctivitis allows physicians to choose the best and most suitable management from the many alternatives. Management varies according to symptom severity and the characteristics of the allergic reaction; generally, it is based on environmental control, pharmacotherapy and, sometimes, specific immunotherapy. Topical vasoconstrictors, decongestant compounds or classic histamine H_1 antagonists, or combinations of these drugs, have been available for decades to treat the acute and/or persistent symptomatology, and to prevent the adverse effects of prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroids. Nevertheless, corticosteroids are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs, and are particularly recommended for the short term treatment of severe, acute symptomatology. Orally administered histamine H_1 receptor antagonists are effective and convenient for either short or long term treatment, especially since the newer second-generation compounds, such as cetirizine, loratadine and terfenadine, act also on the inflammatory process underlying the allergic event. Recently, other topical compounds such as sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium), nedocromil, Lodoxamide, spaglumic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been available. Sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, Lodoxamide and spaglumic acid exert an antiallergic activity by stabilising the mast cell membrane; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs represent an effective alternative to corticosteroids in some cases. The aim of this review is a global evaluation of the common and up-to-date pharmacologically available protocols in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Antiallergic activity of topical Lodoxamide on in vivo and in vitro models
Allergy, 1996Co-Authors: Giorgio Ciprandi, S. Buscaglia, A. Catrullo, F. Paolieri, A. M. Riccio, N. Fiorino, Giorgio Walter CanonicaAbstract:Lodoxamide is an antiallergic drug acting as a mast-cell stabilizer, which is effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lodoxamide eye-drops on the inflammatory early-phase reaction (EPR) changes induced by allergen-specific conjunctival challenge (ASCC). This was a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, including 10 outpatients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to Parietaria judaica. Patients received one drop of Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% or placebo 30 min before each ASCC. Clinical evaluation and cytologic assessment were done at baseline and 30 min after each ASCC. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in total symptom score and hyperemia during the EPR (P < 0.05). Lacrimation, itching/burning, and eyelid swelling were only slightly (nonsignificantly) reduced. Lodoxamide induced a reduction in the total number of inflammatory cells and neutrophils during the EPR (P < 0.02). Eosinophil and lymphocyte number and ICAM-1 expression showed only a slight, not statistically significant decrease. Placebo did not affect the studied parameters. Lodoxamide reduced early clinical events and cellular changes after ASCC consistently with its activity as mast-cell stabilizer. Moreover, Lodoxamide was able to downregulate in vitro ICAM-1 expression on the continuously cultured, differentiated conjunctival cell line WK. This was shown both in basal conditions (P < 0.05) and upon interferon-gamma stimulation (P < 0.03), although at high concentration.
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Lodoxamide Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1994Co-Authors: P. M. Cerqueti, Maria Angela Tosca, S. Buscaglia, Valdo Ricca, Giorgio CiprandiAbstract:Lodoxamide is an antiallergic compound. The present study evaluated the efficacy on clinical and cytological parameters and safety of topical Lodoxamide compared to placebo in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The trial, designed as double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and parallel group treatment, was carried out in 30 patients, suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to grass pollen, during the pollen season. Patients received Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% eye drops or placebo eye drops, one drop in each eye t.i.d. for 4 weeks. The clinical and cytological evidence was investigated by clinicians on admission and after 4 weeks’ treatment. At the end of the trial, only the Lodoxamide-treated group showed a significant clinical improvement, associated with a reduction of inflammatory cells. No serious side effects were observed. The results show the clinical efficacy of Lodoxamide in the treatment of pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis. In addition, Lodoxamide exerts its antiallergic activity by reducing inflammatory infiltrate (mainly eosinophils).
Murat Irkec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Lodoxamide, disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Eye (London England), 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707.7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively--significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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effects of Lodoxamide disodium cromoglycate and fluorometholone on tear leukotriene levels in vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Eye, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Murat Irkec, Mehmet OrhanAbstract:Purpose We compared tear leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with those of age-matched controls and evaluated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DCG) 2%, Lodoxamide 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the VKC patients. Methods Thirty VKC patients were divided into three groups and their tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique before and after treatment with either Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% or fluorometholone 0.1%. The results were compared with the tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of 10 healthy control subjects. During this trial period, clinical scores for signs and symptoms of VKC were also evaluated. Results In the VKC patients median tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were 349.0 pg/ml (range 213.3-707,7 pg/ml) and 225.2 pg/ml (range 196.1-241.1 pg/ml) respectively - significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.0065 for LTB4 and p = 0.0003 for LTC4). After treatment, LTB4 levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups when compared with baseline (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.01; for the DCG group, p = 0.008; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.045). LTC4 levels were also significantly reduced after treatment in all three treatment groups (for the Lodoxamide group, p = 0.0209; for the DCG group, p = 0.0284; for the fluorometholone group, p = 0.0109). Conclusions Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels are significantly higher in VKC patients than controls, which points to a possible role of lipoxygenase pathway products in the pathophysiology of ocular allergic disorders. Lodoxamide 0.1%, DCG 2% and fluorometholone 0.1% were all effective in reducing LTB4 and LTC4 levels in VKC.
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Effect of Lodoxamide on tear leukotriene levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with ocular prosthesis
Ocular immunology and inflammation, 1998Co-Authors: Ahmet Akman, Mehmet Orhan, Murat Irkec, Ugur ErdenerAbstract:Leukotrienes have been shown to play a role in the patho-genesis of ocular inflammatory and allergic reactions like vernal kerato-conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. This study was designed to determine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels in the tears of patients with ocular prosthesis-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (OP-GPC) and to evaluate the effects of Lodoxamide 0.1% on tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of OP-GPC patients. Tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels were determined by an ELISA technique in the tears of ten OP-GPC patients before and after treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1% for one month. The results were compared with that of ten healthy control subjects. The mean tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. After treatment with Lodoxamide 0.1%, tear LTB4 and LTC4 levels of the OP-GPC patients decreased significantly. This is the first report of elevated LTB4 and LTC4 levels in tears ...
