The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Tanner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Promoting the Use of Climate Information to Achieve Long-Term Development Objectives In Sub-Saharan Africa
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Lindsey Jones, Elizabeth Carabine, Jean-pierre Roux, Thomas TannerAbstract:While the impacts of climate change are being felt by people and communities now, many of the most severe impacts will be felt in the decades to come. This presents significant barriers to achieving Long-Term Development objectives – particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with low capacity to adapt to the future impacts of climate change. Factoring medium- to Long-Term climate information into investments and planning decisions is therefore an important component of climate-resilient Development.We know little about how climate information is used in Africa to make decisions with Long-Term consequences, or how effective it is. We know even less about the barriers to – and opportunities for – using climate information in decision-making. How, then, should governments, businesses and donors strive for climate information to achieve Africa’s Long-Term Development objectives?The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme explores these questions and seeks to challenge many of the assumptions that underlie them. To guide the programme, six case studies investigated how climate information was being used in decisionmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. These comprised four country case studies: Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and a combined study of Accra, Ghana and Maputo, Mozambique; and two desk-based studies focused on long-lived infrastructure in the ports sector and the large hydropower sector. This report presents the results of the scoping phase.
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Promoting the Use of Climate Information to Achieve Long-Term Development Objectives in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results from the Future Climate for Africa Scoping Phase
2015Co-Authors: Lindsay Jones, Elizabeth Carabine, Jean-pierre Roux, Thomas TannerAbstract:While the impacts of climate change are being felt by people and communities now, many of the most severe impacts will be felt in the decades to come. This presents significant barriers to achieving Long-Term Development objectives – particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with low capacity to adapt to the future impacts of climate change. Factoring medium- to Long-Term climate information into investments and planning decisions is therefore an important component of climate-resilient Development. We know little about how climate information is used in Africa to make decisions with Long-Term consequences, or how effective it is. We know even less about the barriers to – and opportunities for – using climate information in decision-making. How, then, should governments, businesses and donors strive for climate information to achieve Africa’s Long-Term Development objectives? The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme explores these questions and seeks to challenge many of the assumptions that underlie them. To guide the programme, six case studies investigated how climate information was being used in decisionmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. These comprised four country case studies: Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and a combined study of Accra, Ghana and Maputo, Mozambique; and two desk-based studies focused on long-lived infrastructure in the ports sector and the large hydropower sector. This report presents the results of the scoping phase.
Lindsey Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ensuring climate information guides Long-Term Development
Nature Climate Change, 2015Co-Authors: Lindsey Jones, Andrew J. Dougill, Richard G. Jones, Anna Steynor, Paul Watkiss, Kane, Bettina Koelle, Wilfran Moufouma-okia, Jon Padgham, Nicola RangerAbstract:Many sub-Saharan countries are failing to include climate information in Long-Term Development planning. Ensuring climate-resilient Development requires a step change in how medium- to Long-Term climate information is produced, communicated and utilized in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
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Promoting the Use of Climate Information to Achieve Long-Term Development Objectives In Sub-Saharan Africa
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Lindsey Jones, Elizabeth Carabine, Jean-pierre Roux, Thomas TannerAbstract:While the impacts of climate change are being felt by people and communities now, many of the most severe impacts will be felt in the decades to come. This presents significant barriers to achieving Long-Term Development objectives – particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with low capacity to adapt to the future impacts of climate change. Factoring medium- to Long-Term climate information into investments and planning decisions is therefore an important component of climate-resilient Development.We know little about how climate information is used in Africa to make decisions with Long-Term consequences, or how effective it is. We know even less about the barriers to – and opportunities for – using climate information in decision-making. How, then, should governments, businesses and donors strive for climate information to achieve Africa’s Long-Term Development objectives?The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme explores these questions and seeks to challenge many of the assumptions that underlie them. To guide the programme, six case studies investigated how climate information was being used in decisionmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. These comprised four country case studies: Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and a combined study of Accra, Ghana and Maputo, Mozambique; and two desk-based studies focused on long-lived infrastructure in the ports sector and the large hydropower sector. This report presents the results of the scoping phase.
Thordur Eydal Magnusson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crowding and spacing in the dental arches: Long-Term Development in treated and untreated subjects.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists its constituent socie, 2020Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in anterior spacing and crowding and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the late mixed or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 7 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except for 19 who had premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment plan. The prevalence of maxillary anterior spacing was substantially and significantly reduced in both the untreated and treated groups from the first examination to the second. The prevalence of mandibular crowding increased significantly in the untreated and the nonextraction treated groups. The prevalence of mandibular crowding in patients treated without extractions increased by 25.6%, significantly more than in the untreated controls. The prevalence of maxillary crowding decreased by 15.8% in patients treated with maxillary premolar extractions, significantly more than in the untreated controls. Long-lasting Developmental factors seem to result in universally reduced maxillary anterior spacing, orthodontic treatment notwithstanding. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of mandibular anterior crowding was unfavorable in subjects treated without extractions. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of maxillary anterior crowding was favorable when treatment included extraction of the maxillary premolars. Copyright © 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Crowding and spacing in the dental arches: Long-Term Development in treated and untreated subjects
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:Introduction The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in anterior spacing and crowding and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. Methods The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the late mixed or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 7 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except for 19 who had premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment plan. Results The prevalence of maxillary anterior spacing was substantially and significantly reduced in both the untreated and treated groups from the first examination to the second. The prevalence of mandibular crowding increased significantly in the untreated and the nonextraction treated groups. The prevalence of mandibular crowding in patients treated without extractions increased by 25.6%, significantly more than in the untreated controls. The prevalence of maxillary crowding decreased by 15.8% in patients treated with maxillary premolar extractions, significantly more than in the untreated controls. Conclusions Long-lasting Developmental factors seem to result in universally reduced maxillary anterior spacing, orthodontic treatment notwithstanding. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of mandibular anterior crowding was unfavorable in subjects treated without extractions. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of maxillary anterior crowding was favorable when treatment included extraction of the maxillary premolars.
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Long-Term Development of malocclusion traits in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Karl Orn Karlsson, Bjorn Ragnarsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:Introduction The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in malocclusion traits and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. Methods The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the intermediate, late mixed, or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 8 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except a subgroup of 19 who had premolar extractions as a part of their orthodontic treatment plan. Results The prevalence of maxillary overjet was significantly reduced in the untreated group and the treated subgroups. The prevalence of distal molar occlusion was significantly reduced in the subgroup treated without extractions. Comparison of treated and untreated groups in terms of changes over time showed that Development was significantly more favorable in all treatment categories regarding maxillary overjet, and in the nonextraction category regarding distal molar occlusion. Subjects treated without extractions had less favorable Development than did untreated subjects regarding molar crossbite. Conclusions The Long-Term benefit of orthodontic treatment, with or without extractions, was confirmed regarding maxillary overjet, and the lasting effect of nonextraction treatment was confirmed regarding the distal molar relationship. The pattern of changes in treated and untreated subjects indicated that Long-Term Development and individual variation can to some extent conceal the effects of a brief orthodontic intervention.
Pedro Paulo Pereira Funari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inequality, Institutions, and Long-Term Development: A Perspective from Brazilian Regions
Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction?, 2017Co-Authors: Pedro Paulo Pereira FunariAbstract:In this chapter, we present evidence on the relationship between inequality and Long-Term Development using data on different Brazilian regions. Our empirical approach is developed within a constant de jure institutional environment—Brazil—accounting for possible differences in the de facto institutional environments (Brazilian states) rooted in distinct colonial experiences. New inequality indicators are constructed from scratch for Brazilian municipalities in 1920. Our econometric analysis indicates a positive robust relationship between economic inequality and Long-Term Development indicators for Southeastern states (Sao Paulo, the center of coffee production in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and a state with a large influx of European immigrants, which became the most dynamic Brazilian state; and Minas Gerais, the center of the gold cycle, shaped also by cattle farming and coffee production); no significant relationship for Pernambuco (a Northeastern state, representative of the old agrarian structure of colonial sugar plantations); and a positive relationship for Rio Grande do Sul (a Southern state, with a colonial experience more similar to that of the USA and Canada). We found no evidence of a robust relationship between the percentage of eligible voters and Long-Term Development, a surprising result in light of the evidence provided in Development literature, but likely consistent with a politically captured system with very low levels of enfranchisement.
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Institutions, inequality, and Long-Term Development: a perspective from Brazilian regions
2014Co-Authors: Pedro Paulo Pereira FunariAbstract:In this paper, we present evidence on the relationship between inequality and Long-Term Development using data on different Brazilian regions. New inequality indicators are constructed from scratch for Brazilian municipalities in 1920 (using the Census of 1920, which, surprisingly, had thus far been ignored for such purposes). We find no significant relationship between economic (land) inequality (proxied by the Land Gini) and political concentration (proxied by the percentage of eligible voters) for Brazilian municipalities in the early twentieth century. Econometric analysis indicates a positive robust relationship between economic inequality and Long-Term Development indicators for Southeastern states: Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais; we find no relationship for Pernambuco; and a positive and robust relationship for Rio Grande do Sul. We found no evidence of a robust relationship between the percentage of eligible voters and Long-Term Development, a surprising result in light of the results provided in Development literature, but likely consistent with a politically captured system with very low levels of enfranchisement. These results are shown to hold even when controlling for proxies for structural changes that happened in this time span, namely: urbanization, industrialization, and immigration. Moreover, land inequality in 1920 is at most weakly related to contemporaneous income inequality for Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo, but significant for Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul. These results highlight the importance of the study of historical and social elements in their respective context, as the results are consistent with the picture of a rural Brazil dominated by agrarian elites within a complex institutional environment. 1 Email: pedrofunari@gmail.com
Teitur Jonsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crowding and spacing in the dental arches: Long-Term Development in treated and untreated subjects.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists its constituent socie, 2020Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in anterior spacing and crowding and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the late mixed or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 7 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except for 19 who had premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment plan. The prevalence of maxillary anterior spacing was substantially and significantly reduced in both the untreated and treated groups from the first examination to the second. The prevalence of mandibular crowding increased significantly in the untreated and the nonextraction treated groups. The prevalence of mandibular crowding in patients treated without extractions increased by 25.6%, significantly more than in the untreated controls. The prevalence of maxillary crowding decreased by 15.8% in patients treated with maxillary premolar extractions, significantly more than in the untreated controls. Long-lasting Developmental factors seem to result in universally reduced maxillary anterior spacing, orthodontic treatment notwithstanding. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of mandibular anterior crowding was unfavorable in subjects treated without extractions. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of maxillary anterior crowding was favorable when treatment included extraction of the maxillary premolars. Copyright © 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Crowding and spacing in the dental arches: Long-Term Development in treated and untreated subjects
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:Introduction The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in anterior spacing and crowding and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. Methods The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the late mixed or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 7 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except for 19 who had premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment plan. Results The prevalence of maxillary anterior spacing was substantially and significantly reduced in both the untreated and treated groups from the first examination to the second. The prevalence of mandibular crowding increased significantly in the untreated and the nonextraction treated groups. The prevalence of mandibular crowding in patients treated without extractions increased by 25.6%, significantly more than in the untreated controls. The prevalence of maxillary crowding decreased by 15.8% in patients treated with maxillary premolar extractions, significantly more than in the untreated controls. Conclusions Long-lasting Developmental factors seem to result in universally reduced maxillary anterior spacing, orthodontic treatment notwithstanding. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of mandibular anterior crowding was unfavorable in subjects treated without extractions. Compared with untreated subjects, the Long-Term Development of maxillary anterior crowding was favorable when treatment included extraction of the maxillary premolars.
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Long-Term Development of malocclusion traits in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010Co-Authors: Teitur Jonsson, Karl Orn Karlsson, Bjorn Ragnarsson, Thordur Eydal MagnussonAbstract:Introduction The purposes of this study were to analyze Long-Term changes in malocclusion traits and to compare the Development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. Methods The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the intermediate, late mixed, or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 8 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both. All subjects had a full complement of teeth, except a subgroup of 19 who had premolar extractions as a part of their orthodontic treatment plan. Results The prevalence of maxillary overjet was significantly reduced in the untreated group and the treated subgroups. The prevalence of distal molar occlusion was significantly reduced in the subgroup treated without extractions. Comparison of treated and untreated groups in terms of changes over time showed that Development was significantly more favorable in all treatment categories regarding maxillary overjet, and in the nonextraction category regarding distal molar occlusion. Subjects treated without extractions had less favorable Development than did untreated subjects regarding molar crossbite. Conclusions The Long-Term benefit of orthodontic treatment, with or without extractions, was confirmed regarding maxillary overjet, and the lasting effect of nonextraction treatment was confirmed regarding the distal molar relationship. The pattern of changes in treated and untreated subjects indicated that Long-Term Development and individual variation can to some extent conceal the effects of a brief orthodontic intervention.
