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William S Yancy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet: five brief case reports.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: William S Yancy, Dawn Provenzale, Eric C WestmanAbstract:The 5 individuals described in these case reports experienced resolution of GERD symptoms after self-initiation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet. Their observations suggest that Carbohydrate restriction may have contributed to their symptom relief. However, this conclusion is confounded by concurrent reduction of caffeine intake in 3 of the individuals and reduction of acidic and high-osmolal food intake in all of them. Observations from some of these individuals suggest that Carbohydrates may be a precipitating factor for GERD symptoms and that other classic exacerbating foods such as coffee and fat may be less pertinent when a Low-Carbohydrate Diet is folLowed. However, these conclusions are preliminary. These findings primarily suggest that prospective research should be performed on the effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diets on GERD symptoms. Trials that control for all of the confounders mentioned above and that contain objective endpoints are needed to further investigate these issues.
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management of type 1 diabetes with a very Low Carbohydrate Diet
Pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: Belinda Lennerz, Eric C Westman, Anna Beth Barton, Richard K Bernstein, David R Dikeman, Carrie Diulus, Sarah Hallberg, Erinn T Rhodes, Cara B Ebbeling, William S YancyAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To evaluate glycemic control among children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who consume a very Low–Carbohydrate Diet (VLCD). METHODS: We conducted an online survey of an international social media group for people with T1DM who folLow a VLCD. Respondents included adults and parents of children with T1DM. We assessed current hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (primary measure), change in HbA1c after the self-reported beginning of the VLCD, total daily insulin dose, and adverse events. We obtained confirmatory data from diabetes care providers and medical records. RESULTS: Of 316 respondents, 131 (42%) were parents of children with T1DM, and 57% were of female sex. Suggestive evidence of T1DM (based on a 3-tier scoring system in which researchers took into consideration age and weight at diagnosis, pancreatic autoimmunity, insulin requirement, and clinical presentation) was obtained for 273 (86%) respondents. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 ± 14 years, the duration of diabetes was 11 ± 13 years, and the time folLowing a VLCD was 2.2 ± 3.9 years. Participants had a mean daily Carbohydrate intake of 36 ± 15 g. Reported mean HbA1c was 5.67% ± 0.66%. Only 7 (2%) respondents reported diabetes-related hospitalizations in the past year, including 4 (1%) for ketoacidosis and 2 (1%) for hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with Low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. The generalizability of these findings requires further studies, including high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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Food preferences and weight change during Low-fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets.
Appetite, 2016Co-Authors: Megan A Mcvay, Corrine I Voils, Cynthia J Coffman, Paula J Geiselman, Stephanie B Mayer, Valerie A Smith, William S YancyAbstract:Abstract Understanding associations between food preferences and weight loss during various effective Diets could inform efforts to personalize Dietary recommendations and provide insight into weight loss mechanisms. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial in which participants were randomized to either a ‘choice’ arm, in which they were alLowed to select between a Low-fat Diet (n = 44) or Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 61), or to a ‘no choice’ arm, in which they were randomly assigned to a Low-fat Diet (n = 49) or Low-Carbohydrate Diet (n = 53). All participants were provided 48 weeks of lifestyle counseling. Food preferences were measured at baseline and every 12 weeks thereafter with the Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire. Participants were 73% male and 51% African American, with a mean age of 55. Baseline food preferences, including congruency of food preferences with Diet, were not associated with weight outcomes. In the Low-fat Diet group, no associations were found between changes in food preferences and weight over time. In the Low-Carbohydrate Diet group, increased preference for Low-Carbohydrate Diet congruent foods from baseline to 12 weeks was associated with weight loss from 12 to 24 weeks. Additionally, weight loss from baseline to 12 weeks was associated with increased preference for Low-Carbohydrate Diet congruent foods from 12 to 24 weeks. Results suggest that basing selection of Low-Carbohydrate Diet or Low-fat Diet on food preferences is unlikely to influence weight loss. Congruency of food preferences and weight loss may influence each other early during a Low-Carbohydrate Diet but not Low-fat Diet, possibly due to different features of these Diets. Clinical trial registry NCT01152359 .
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a very Low Carbohydrate Diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2009Co-Authors: Gregory L. Austin, Eric C Westman, William S Yancy, Christine B Dalton, Yuming Hu, Carolyn B Morris, Jane Hankins, Stephan R Weinland, Douglas A DrossmanAbstract:Background & Aims Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) anecdotally report symptom improvement after initiating a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet (VLCD). This study prospectively evaluated a VLCD in IBS-D. Methods Participants with moderate to severe IBS-D were provided a 2-week standard Diet, then 4 weeks of a VLCD (20 g Carbohydrates/d). A responder was defined as having adequate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms for 2 or more weeks during the VLCD. Changes in abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life also were measured. Results Of the 17 participants enrolled, 13 completed the study and all met the responder definition, with 10 (77%) reporting adequate relief for all 4 VLCD weeks. Stool frequency decreased (2.6 ± 0.8/d to 1.4 ± 0.6/d; P Conclusions A VLCD provides adequate relief, and improves abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life in IBS-D.
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A Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Gastroesophageal Reflux and Its Symptoms
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Gregory L. Austin, Eric C Westman, William S Yancy, Michelle T. Thiny, Nicholas J. ShaheenAbstract:Obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may experience resolution of symptoms utilizing a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet. The mechanism of this improvement is unknown. This studied aimed to prospectively assess changes in distal esophageal acid exposure and GERD symptoms among obese adults initiating a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet. We studied obese individuals with GERD initiating a Diet containing less than 20 g/day of Carbohydrates. Symptom severity was assessed using the GERD Symptom Assessment Scale—Distress Subscale (GSAS-ds). Participants underwent 24-hr esophageal pH probe testing and initiated the Diet upon its completion. Within 6 days, a second pH probe test was performed. Outcomes included changes in the Johnson-DeMeester score, percentage total time with a pH
Eric C Westman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet: five brief case reports.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: William S Yancy, Dawn Provenzale, Eric C WestmanAbstract:The 5 individuals described in these case reports experienced resolution of GERD symptoms after self-initiation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet. Their observations suggest that Carbohydrate restriction may have contributed to their symptom relief. However, this conclusion is confounded by concurrent reduction of caffeine intake in 3 of the individuals and reduction of acidic and high-osmolal food intake in all of them. Observations from some of these individuals suggest that Carbohydrates may be a precipitating factor for GERD symptoms and that other classic exacerbating foods such as coffee and fat may be less pertinent when a Low-Carbohydrate Diet is folLowed. However, these conclusions are preliminary. These findings primarily suggest that prospective research should be performed on the effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diets on GERD symptoms. Trials that control for all of the confounders mentioned above and that contain objective endpoints are needed to further investigate these issues.
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management of type 1 diabetes with a very Low Carbohydrate Diet
Pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: Belinda Lennerz, Eric C Westman, Anna Beth Barton, Richard K Bernstein, David R Dikeman, Carrie Diulus, Sarah Hallberg, Erinn T Rhodes, Cara B Ebbeling, William S YancyAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To evaluate glycemic control among children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who consume a very Low–Carbohydrate Diet (VLCD). METHODS: We conducted an online survey of an international social media group for people with T1DM who folLow a VLCD. Respondents included adults and parents of children with T1DM. We assessed current hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (primary measure), change in HbA1c after the self-reported beginning of the VLCD, total daily insulin dose, and adverse events. We obtained confirmatory data from diabetes care providers and medical records. RESULTS: Of 316 respondents, 131 (42%) were parents of children with T1DM, and 57% were of female sex. Suggestive evidence of T1DM (based on a 3-tier scoring system in which researchers took into consideration age and weight at diagnosis, pancreatic autoimmunity, insulin requirement, and clinical presentation) was obtained for 273 (86%) respondents. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 ± 14 years, the duration of diabetes was 11 ± 13 years, and the time folLowing a VLCD was 2.2 ± 3.9 years. Participants had a mean daily Carbohydrate intake of 36 ± 15 g. Reported mean HbA1c was 5.67% ± 0.66%. Only 7 (2%) respondents reported diabetes-related hospitalizations in the past year, including 4 (1%) for ketoacidosis and 2 (1%) for hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with Low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. The generalizability of these findings requires further studies, including high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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a very Low Carbohydrate Diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2009Co-Authors: Gregory L. Austin, Eric C Westman, William S Yancy, Christine B Dalton, Yuming Hu, Carolyn B Morris, Jane Hankins, Stephan R Weinland, Douglas A DrossmanAbstract:Background & Aims Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) anecdotally report symptom improvement after initiating a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet (VLCD). This study prospectively evaluated a VLCD in IBS-D. Methods Participants with moderate to severe IBS-D were provided a 2-week standard Diet, then 4 weeks of a VLCD (20 g Carbohydrates/d). A responder was defined as having adequate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms for 2 or more weeks during the VLCD. Changes in abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life also were measured. Results Of the 17 participants enrolled, 13 completed the study and all met the responder definition, with 10 (77%) reporting adequate relief for all 4 VLCD weeks. Stool frequency decreased (2.6 ± 0.8/d to 1.4 ± 0.6/d; P Conclusions A VLCD provides adequate relief, and improves abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life in IBS-D.
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A Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Gastroesophageal Reflux and Its Symptoms
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Gregory L. Austin, Eric C Westman, William S Yancy, Michelle T. Thiny, Nicholas J. ShaheenAbstract:Obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may experience resolution of symptoms utilizing a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet. The mechanism of this improvement is unknown. This studied aimed to prospectively assess changes in distal esophageal acid exposure and GERD symptoms among obese adults initiating a very Low-Carbohydrate Diet. We studied obese individuals with GERD initiating a Diet containing less than 20 g/day of Carbohydrates. Symptom severity was assessed using the GERD Symptom Assessment Scale—Distress Subscale (GSAS-ds). Participants underwent 24-hr esophageal pH probe testing and initiated the Diet upon its completion. Within 6 days, a second pH probe test was performed. Outcomes included changes in the Johnson-DeMeester score, percentage total time with a pH
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a Low Carbohydrate ketogenic Diet versus a Low fat Diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia a randomized controlled trial
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: William S Yancy, Maren K Olsen, John R Guyton, Ronna P Bakst, Eric C WestmanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Low-Carbohydrate Diets remain popular despite a paucity of scientific evidence on their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a Low-Carbohydrate, ketogenic Diet program with those of a Low-fat, Low-cholesterol, reduced-calorie Diet. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient research clinic. PARTICIPANTS: 120 overweight, hyperlipidemic volunteers from the community. INTERVENTION: Low-Carbohydrate Diet (initially, <20 g of Carbohydrate daily) plus nutritional supplementation, exercise recommendation, and group meetings, or Low-fat Diet (<30% energy from fat, <300 mg of cholesterol daily, and deficit of 500 to 1000 kcal/d) plus exercise recommendation and group meetings. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, body composition, fasting serum lipid levels, and tolerability. RESULTS: A greater proportion of the Low-Carbohydrate Diet group than the Low-fat Diet group completed the study (76% vs. 57%; P = 0.02). At 24 weeks, weight loss was greater in the Low-Carbohydrate Diet group than in the Low-fat Diet group (mean change, -12.9% vs. -6.7%; P < 0.001). Patients in both groups lost substantially more fat mass (change, -9.4 kg with the Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs. -4.8 kg with the Low-fat Diet) than fat-free mass (change, -3.3 kg vs. -2.4 kg, respectively). Compared with recipients of the Low-fat Diet, recipients of the Low-Carbohydrate Diet had greater decreases in serum triglyceride levels (change, -0.84 mmol/L vs. -0.31 mmol/L [-74.2 mg/dL vs. -27.9 mg/dL]; P = 0.004) and greater increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (0.14 mmol/L vs. -0.04 mmol/L [5.5 mg/dL vs. -1.6 mg/dL]; P < 0.001). Changes in Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not differ statistically (0.04 mmol/L [1.6 mg/dL] with the Low-Carbohydrate Diet and -0.19 mmol/L [-7.4 mg/dL] with the Low-fat Diet; P = 0.2). Minor adverse effects were more frequent in the Low-Carbohydrate Diet group. LIMITATIONS: We could not definitively distinguish effects of the Low-Carbohydrate Diet and those of the nutritional supplements provided only to that group. In addition, participants were healthy and were folLowed for only 24 weeks. These factors limit the generalizability of the study results. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a Low-fat Diet, a Low-Carbohydrate Diet program had better participant retention and greater weight loss. During active weight loss, serum triglyceride levels decreased more and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased more with the Low-Carbohydrate Diet than with the Low-fat Diet.
Frank B Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abstract p070 a Low Carbohydrate Diet from plant or animal sources and mortality among myocardial infarction survivors
Circulation, 2014Co-Authors: Shanshan Li, Walter C Willett, Kathryn M Rexrode, Frank B Hu, Alan J Flint, John P Forman, Kenneth J Mukamal, Eric B RimmAbstract:Background: The healthiest Dietary pattern for myocardial infarction (MI) survivors is not known. Specific long-term benefits of a Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) is unknown, whether it mainly be from animal or vegetable sources. Objective: To examine the associations between post-MI adherence to a Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD), measured by a total, plant- and animal-based Low Carbohydrate Diet score (LCDS), in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Design: We included 2,258 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 1,840 men from the Health Professional FolLow-Up Study, who had survived a first MI during folLow-up, provided pre-MI and at least one post-MI food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Adherence to a LCD high in animal sources of protein and fat was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63 for all-cause mortality; HR= 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06 for cardiovascular mortality comparing extreme quintiles). An increase in adherence to an animal-...
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Low Carbohydrate Diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Lawrence De Koning, Walter C Willett, Teresa T Fung, Xiaomei Liao, Stephanie E Chiuve, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Frank B HuAbstract:Background: Fat and protein sources may influence whether Low-Carbohydrate Diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The objective was to compare the associations of 3 Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores with incident T2D. Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants from the Health Professionals FolLow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (n = 40,475) for up to 20 y. Cumulative averages of 3 Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores (high total protein and fat, high animal protein and fat, and high vegetable protein and fat) were calculated every 4 y from food-frequency questionnaires and were associated with incident T2D by using Cox models. Results: We documented 2689 cases of T2D during folLow-up. After adjustments for age, smoking, physical activity, coffee intake, alcohol intake, family history of T2D, total energy intake, and body mass index, the score for high animal protein and fat was associated with an increased risk of T2D [top compared with bottom quintile; hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.58; P for trend < 0.01]. Adjustment for red and processed meat attenuated this association (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.30; P for trend = 0.20). A high score for vegetable protein and fat was not significantly associated with the risk of T2D overall but was inversely associated with T2D in men aged <65 y (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.92; P for trend = 0.01, P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions: A score representing a Low-Carbohydrate Diet high in animal protein and fat was positively associated with the risk of T2D in men. Low-Carbohydrate Diets should obtain protein and fat from foods other than red and processed meat.
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Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Lawrence De Koning, Walter C Willett, Teresa T Fung, Xiaomei Liao, Stephanie E Chiuve, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Frank B HuAbstract:Background: Fat and protein sources may influence whether Low-Carbohydrate Diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The objective was to compare the associations of 3 Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores with incident T2D. Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants from the Health Professionals FolLow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (n = 40,475) for up to 20 y. Cumulative averages of 3 Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores (high total protein and fat, high animal protein and fat, and high vegetable protein and fat) were calculated every 4 y from food-frequency questionnaires and were associated with incident T2D by using Cox models. Results: We documented 2689 cases of T2D during folLow-up. After adjustments for age, smoking, physical activity, coffee intake, alcohol intake, family history of T2D, total energy intake, and body mass index, the score for high animal protein and fat was associated with an increased risk of T2D [top compared with bottom quintile; hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.58; P for trend < 0.01]. Adjustment for red and processed meat attenuated this association (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.30; P for trend = 0.20). A high score for vegetable protein and fat was not significantly associated with the risk of T2D overall but was inversely associated with T2D in men aged
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Low Carbohydrate Diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Thomas L Halton, Joann E Manson, Frank B HuAbstract:Background Low-Carbohydrate weight-loss Diets remain popular; however, the long-term effects of these Diets are not known.
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Low Carbohydrate Diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Thomas L Halton, Walter C Willett, Joann E Manson, Christine M Albert, Kathryn M Rexrode, Frank B HuAbstract:Background Low-Carbohydrate Diets have been advocated for weight loss and to prevent obesity, but the long-term safety of these Diets has not been determined. Methods We evaluated data on 82,802 women in the Nurses’ Health Study who had completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire were used to calculate a Low-Carbohydrate-Diet score, which was based on the percentage of energy as Carbohydrate, fat, and protein (a higher score reflects a higher intake of fat and protein and a Lower intake of Carbohydrate). The association between the Low-Carbohydrate-Diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease was examined. Results During 20 years of folLow-up, we documented 1994 new cases of coronary heart disease. After multivariate adjustment, the relative risk of coronary heart disease comparing highest and Lowest deciles of the Low-Carbohydrate-Diet score was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.18; P for trend = 0.19). The relative risk comparing highest and Lowest deciles of a Low-Carbohydrate-Diet score on the basis of the percentage of energy from Carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.19; P for trend = 0.52), whereas the relative risk on the basis of the percentage of energy from intake of Carbohydrates, vegetable protein, and vegetable fat was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.88; P for trend = 0.002). A higher glycemic load was strongly associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk comparing highest and Lowest deciles, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.15; P for trend = 0.003). Conclusions Our findings suggest that Diets Lower in Carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are not associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in women. When vegetable sources of fat and protein are chosen, these Diets may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Peter M Clifton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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renal function folLowing long term weight loss in individuals with abdominal obesity on a very Low Carbohydrate Diet vs high Carbohydrate Diet
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Grant D Brinkworth, Manny Noakes, Jonathan D Buckley, Peter M CliftonAbstract:Abstract A frequently cited concern of very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets is the potential for increased risk of renal disease associated with a higher protein intake. However, to date, no well-controlled randomized studies have evaluated the long-term effects of very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets on renal function. To study this issue, renal function was assessed in 68 men and women with abdominal obesity (age 51.5±7.7 years, body mass index [calculated as kg/m 2 ] 33.6±4.0) without preexisting renal dysfunction who were randomized to consume either an energy-restricted (∼1,433 to 1,672 kcal/day), planned isocaloric very-Low-Carbohydrate (4% total energy as Carbohydrate [14 g], 35% protein [124 g], 61% fat [99 g]), or high-Carbohydrate Diet (46% total energy as Carbohydrate [162 g], 24% protein [85 g], 30% fat [49 g]) for 1 year. Body weight, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion were assessed before and after 1 year (April 2006-July 2007). Repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted. Weight loss was similar in both groups (very-Low-Carbohydrate: −14.5±9.7 kg, high-Carbohydrate: −11.6±7.3 kg; P =0.16). By 1 year, there were no changes in either group in serum creatinine levels (very-Low-Carbohydrate: 72.4±15.1 to 71.3±13.8 μmol/L, high-Carbohydrate: 78.0±16.0 to 77.2±13.2 μmol/L; P =0.93 time × Diet effect) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (very-Low-Carbohydrate: 90.0±17.0 to 91.2±17.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , high-Carbohydrate: 83.8±13.8 to 83.6±11.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; P =0.53 time×Diet effect). All but one participant was classified as having normoalbuminuria at baseline, and for these participants, urinary albumin excretion values remained in the normoalbuminuria range at 1 year. One participant in high-Carbohydrate had microalbuminuria (41.8 μg/min) at baseline, which decreased to a value of 3.1 μg/min (classified as normoalbuminuria) at 1 year. This study provides preliminary evidence that long-term weight loss with a very-Low-Carbohydrate Diet does not adversely affect renal function compared with a high-Carbohydrate Diet in obese individuals with normal renal function.
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long term effects of a high protein Low Carbohydrate Diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects
International Journal of Obesity, 2004Co-Authors: Grant D Brinkworth, Manny Noakes, Jennifer B Keogh, N D Luscombe, Gary A Wittert, Peter M CliftonAbstract:Long-term effects of a high-protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects
Kirsten Norgaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term effects of a Low Carbohydrate Diet on glycaemic variables and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 1 diabetes a randomized open label crossover trial
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Ajenthen Ranjan, Signe Schmidt, Camilla Dammfrydenberg, Jens J Holst, Sten Madsbad, Kirsten NorgaardAbstract:The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a high Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) vs a Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) on glycaemic variables and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 1 diabetes. Ten patients (4 women, insulin pump-treated, median ± standard deviation [s.d.] age 48 ± 10 years, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 53 ± 6 mmol/mol [7.0% ± 0.6%]) folLowed an isocaloric HCD (≥250 g/d) for 1 week and an isocaloric LCD (≤50 g/d) for 1 week in random order. After each week, we downloaded pump and sensor data and collected fasting blood and urine samples. Diet adherence was high (225 ± 30 vs 47 ± 10 g Carbohydrates/d; P < .0001). Mean sensor glucose levels were similar in the two Diets (7.3 ± 1.1 vs 7.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L; P = .99). The LCD resulted in more time with glucose values in the range of 3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L (83% ± 9% vs 72% ± 11%; P = .02), less time with values ≤3.9 mmol/L (3.3% ± 2.8% vs 8.0% ± 6.3%; P = .03), and less glucose variability (s.d. 1.9 ± 0.4 vs 2.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L; P = .02) than the HCD. Cardiovascular markers were unaffected, while fasting glucagon, ketone and free fatty acid levels were higher at end of the LCD week than the HCD week. In conclusion, the LCD resulted in more time in euglycaemia, less time in hypoglycaemia and less glucose variability than the HCD, without altering mean glucose levels.
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Low Carbohydrate Diet impairs the effect of glucagon in the treatment of insulin induced mild hypoglycemia a randomized crossover study
Diabetes Care, 2017Co-Authors: Ajenthen Ranjan, Signe Schmidt, Camilla Dammfrydenberg, Isabelle Steineck, Trine R Clausen, Jens J Holst, Sten Madsbad, Kirsten NorgaardAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study compared the ability of glucagon to restore plasma glucose (PG) after mild hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes on an isocaloric high-Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) versus a Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten patients with insulin pump–treated type 1 diabetes randomly completed 1 week of the HCD (≥250 g/day) and 1 week of the LCD (≤50 g/day). After each week, mild hypoglycemia was induced by a subcutaneous insulin bolus in the fasting state. When PG reached 3.9 mmol/L, 100 µg glucagon was given subcutaneously, folLowed by 500 µg glucagon 2 h later. RESULTS Compared with the HCD, the LCD resulted in Lower incremental rises in PG after the first (mean ± SEM: 1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.002) and second glucagon bolus (4.1 ± 0.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.002). No differences were observed between the Diets regarding concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The LCD reduces the treatment effect of glucagon on mild hypoglycemia. Carbohydrate intake should be considered when Low-dose glucagon is used to correct hypoglycemia.
