The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jozef Deckers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil and Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, L Vanlinden, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha(-1) and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha(-1). Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha(-1) harvest', P = 0.16 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 1.08 kg ha(-1) harvest' and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 0.15 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1). Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil & Tillage Research, 2006Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, L. Van Der Linden, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Abstract Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha −1 and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha −1 . Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , P = 0.16 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 1.08 kg ha −1 harvest −1 and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 0.15 kg ha −1 harvest −1 . Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture.
Véronique Chable - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toolkit to foster multi-actor research on agrobiodiversity
2018Co-Authors: Estelle Serpolay, Edwin Nuijten, Adanella Rossi, Véronique ChableAbstract:This toolkit provides building blocks to help create a multi-actor approach to participatory and collaborative plant breeding, and action-research for high quality food systems. It results from the wide range of experience acquired during the Diversifood project to boost cultivated diversity for organic and Low-Input Agriculture and from the collective reflection of all the partners of the project. The toolkit does not simply provides recipes to apply but illustrates some common prerequisites and traits that emerge in multi-actor projects. In other words, the toolkit proposes strategic «building blocks» to support the successful implementation of the approach. The building blocks have emerged from the feedback provided by Diversifood partners, based on their experiences, as well as from the literature.
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Rapport final de SOLIBAM 2010-2014 - Strategies for organic and Low-Input integrated breeding and management
2014Co-Authors: Véronique ChableAbstract:Based on the hypothesis of “diversity”, SOLIBAM has designed and tested innovative strategies to develop specific and novel breeding approaches integrated with management practices to improve the performance, quality, sustainability and stability of crops adapted to organic and Low-Input systems. The SOLIBAM project has been carried out by 23 partners, representing 12 countries in Europe and Africa, within the context of a lack of adapted varieties specifically for organic and Low Input Agriculture. A fundamental characteristic of these farming approaches is a wide range of variability within the farming system, combined with a wide range of environmental variation. Having a choice of adapted plants and practices is the only means to build a sustainable farming system which is characterized by a complexity of interactions. As a basis the team - representing several kinds of actors, researchers, seed companies, farmer’s organisations and also involving end-users and consumers - therefore developed tools and methodologies to better understand and manage complexity. From more than 50 field experiments and case studies in 4 countries and 8 major crop models (durum and soft wheat, barley, maize, faba beans, bean, tomato and broccoli), combined with several competencies including genetics, plant breeding, agronomy, ecology, food science, statistics, sociology and economics, SOLIBAM has established 10 major concepts for cultivating diversity (resilience, robustness, functional biodiversity, yield stability, adaptability, intercropping, sustainability, evolutionary processes, organoleptic quality, participatory research), building strong transdisciplinarity in a dynamic process of knowledge integration. Within SOLIBAM, plant diversity was observed, analysed, developed and enhanced by the creation of new populations and varieties exploited for novel crop management practices. Genetic structure, observed by relevant markers, of the different types of varieties and populations studied strongly reflected the selection / conservation history of the populations showing, in many cases, significant and rapid differentiation due to cultivation in contrasting agro-climatic conditions and to farmers’ breeding practices or breeding. In addition to activities devoted to field and crop studies, the overall farm system has been assessed at three system levels: the cropping system, the farm and the chain from breeder to farmer (plant breeding and legal aspects) and to consumer (the food supply system). There was a specific focus on resource use efficiency, environmental impacts and socio-economic assessments in case studies from the UK, France, Italy and Portugal. Part of SOLIBAMs research was participatory in nature, based on the experience and skills of a number of partners to improve knowledge sharing and to involve several kinds of actor and their activities. In a number of cases, the transdisciplinarity within SOLIBAM has alLowed links to be made between scientific knowledge and practitioner ‘know-how’ in complementary ways. SOLIBAM has developed various agro-ecological innovations which are at the core of its strategies: - new approaches to plant breeding and development which simultaneously consider diversity and quality, performance and stability, co-breeding for intercropping, or crop-pollinator interactions; - new food products with improved quality properties; - new tools for participatory plant breeding and management (PPBM) in which farmers, researchers and other stakeholders together designed new breeding methods for decentralized programmes, tools for resource and trial management, and for the statistical analysis of results, along with integrating methodologies to better select for flavoursome products; - social innovation and collective action for decentralised and participatory research; - new modelling tools to better understand and assess resilience, viability and sustainability of farms. In conclusion, SOLIBAM identified three key words - Diversity, Participatory Innovation and Locality/Terroir - that should be at the cornerstone of future agricultural propositions for policy makers so as to adapt the seed system, knowledge system and food system to accommodate diverse cultivated crops.
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La diversidad, una herramienta poderosa para el desarrollo de una agricultura de bajos-insumos
2013Co-Authors: M. J. Suso, Riccardo Bocci, Véronique ChableAbstract:Suso, M.J., Bocci, R., Chable, V. (2013). Diversity, a powerful tool for developing a Low-Input Agriculture. Ecosistemas 22(1):10-15. Doi.:10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-1.03 The development of breeding strategies that link biodiversity and crop production and regulation services is compulsory when it comes to promoting a Low-Input Agriculture (which includes organic farming). In Low-Input agricultural systems, yield production should rely on the tools provided by the diversity within and between crops, using local resources and including landraces as a source of useful genes and genotypes, to develop new varieties or landraces to evolve as new populations. Low-Input systems require decentralized and farmer participatory breeding methods designed to incorporate the "know-how" of farmers and consumer end-user perspective. Similarly, characters that alLow the reduction of Inputs, such as competitiveness against weeds, resistance to pests and diseases or the efficiency of association with beneficial species such as pollinators will increase in importance. This article describes approaches aimed to improve the implementation of a synergy between production and regulation services provided by the Agriculture in the context of Low-Input systems.
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La diversidad, una herramienta poderosa para el desarrollo de una agricultura de bajos-insumos
2013Co-Authors: M. J. Suso, Riccardo Bocci, Véronique ChableAbstract:The development of breeding strategies that link biodiversity and crop production and regulation services is compulsory when it comes to promoting a Low-Input Agriculture (which includes organic farming). In Low-Input agricultural systems, yield production should rely on the tools provided by the diversity within and between crops, using local resources and including landraces as a source of useful genes and genotypes, to develop new varieties or landraces to evolve as new populations. Low-Input systems require decentralized and farmer participatory breeding methods designed to incorporate the "know-how" of farmers and consumer end-user perspective. Similarly, characters that alLow the reduction of Inputs, such as competitiveness against weeds, resistance to pests and diseases or the efficiency of association with beneficial species such as pollinators will increase in importance. This article describes approaches aimed to improve the implementation of a synergy between production and regulation services provided by the Agriculture in the context of Low-Input systems.
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Diversity of different farmer and modern wheat varieties cultivated in contrasting organic farming conditions in western Europe and implications for European seed and variety legislation
Organic Agriculture, 2011Co-Authors: Estelle Serpolay, Véronique Chable, Julie C. Dawson, Edith Lammerts Bueren, Aart Osman, Silvio Pino, Donato Silveri, Isabelle GoldringerAbstract:The importance of genetic diversity in cultivated varieties for organic and Low-Input Agriculture has attracted increasing attention in recent years, with a need to identify relevant sources of diversity and strategies for incorporating diversity in plant breeding for organic systems. However, the regulatory system in many countries, particularly in the European Union, restricts the varieties available to farmers to those registered in an official catalogue, and most countries require varieties to go through official tests under conventional management, which has resulted in a lack of suitable varieties available to organic farmers. This study characterized a sample of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces, historic varieties and varietal mixtures currently of interest to organic farmers in a diverse range of organic conditions on farms in Italy, France and the Netherlands. These varieties were assessed for individual plant and spike characteristics and compared to modern registered wheat varieties grown under the same on-farm conditions. Significant differences in mean values were found among varieties for many plant and spike traits, as well as significant variety-by-environment interactions. There were often similar levels of intra-varietal variability between farmer and modern varieties, indicating that the strong selection for genetic homogeneity to meet regulatory criteria has little impact on the phenotypic variability of certain traits when assessed on-farm. Several farmer varieties had high values of traits related to productivity outside their region of origin, which underlines the need for experimentation with diverse types of varieties in order to find and develop appropriate varieties for organic systems.
Moses Isabirye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil and Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, L Vanlinden, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha(-1) and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha(-1). Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha(-1) harvest', P = 0.16 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 1.08 kg ha(-1) harvest' and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 0.15 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1). Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil & Tillage Research, 2006Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, L. Van Der Linden, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Abstract Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha −1 and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha −1 . Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , P = 0.16 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 1.08 kg ha −1 harvest −1 and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 0.15 kg ha −1 harvest −1 . Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture.
N. P. Zombré - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of compost to improve soil properties and crop productivity under Low Input agricultural system in west africa
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Elisée Ouédraogo, Abdoulaye Mando, N. P. ZombréAbstract:Abstract Lack of adequate nutrient supply and poor soil structure are the principal constraints to crop production under Low Input Agriculture systems of West Africa. Experiments at two sites (Mediga and Yimtenga) were conducted in Burkina Faso to assess the impact of compost on improving crop production and soil properties. In the first experiment, compost was applied at the rate of 0 and 10 Mg ha−1 in Mediga on a Ferric Lixisol, and 5 and 0 Mg ha−1 on a Ferric-gleyic Lixisol in Yimtenga. A second experiment was conducted in Yimtenga to assess the role of compost in mitigating the effect of delay in sowing on crop performance. 0 and 5 Mg ha−1 compost plots were sown within the normal period for sowing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and with a delay of 1 month. A randomised block design was used with four replications for the two experiments. Semi-structured interviews were used to study socio-economic issues of compost technology. No significant difference in soil organic matter content was found between treatments receiving compost and no-compost. However, compost application increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 4 to 6 cmol kg−1. Soil pH was also increased by the compost application. Sorghum yield tripled on the 10 Mg ha−1 compost plots and increased by 45% on the 5 Mg ha−1 compost plots, compared to no-compost plots. Compost application mitigated the negative effects of a delay in sowing. The study showed that farmers were aware of the role of compost in sustaining yield and improving soil quality. However, lack of equipment and adequate organic material for making compost, land tenure and the intensive labour required for making compost are major constraints for the adoption of compost technology. It was concluded that compost application could contribute to increase food availability in the Sahel and therefore, efforts should be made to alleviate the socio-economic constraints to the adoption of compost technology.
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Use of compost to improve soil properties and crop productivity under Low Input agricultural system in West Africa
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Elisée Ouédraogo, Abdoulaye Mando, N. P. ZombréAbstract:Lack of adequate nutrient supply and poor soil structure are the principal constraints to crop production under Low Input Agriculture systems of West Africa. Experiments at two sites (Mediga and Yimtenga) were conducted in Burkina Faso to assess the impact of compost on improving crop production and soil properties. In the first experiment, compost was applied at the rate of 0 and 10 Mg ha 1 in Mediga on a Ferric Lixisol, and 5 and 0 Mg ha 1 on a Ferric-gleyic Lixisol in Yimtenga. A second experiment was conducted in Yimtenga to assess the role of compost in mitigating the effect of delay in sowing on crop performance. 0 and 5 Mg ha 1 compost plots were sown within the normal period for sowing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and with a delay of 1 month. A randomised block design was used with four replications for the two experiments. Semi-structured interviews were used to study socio-economic issues of compost technology. No significant difference in soil organic matter content was found between treatments receiving compost and no-compost. However, compost application increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 4 to 6 cmol kg 1 . Soil pH was also increased by the compost application. Sorghum yield tripled on the 10 Mg ha 1 compost plots and increased by 45% on the 5 Mg ha 1 compost plots, compared to no-compost plots. Compost application mitigated the negative effects of a delay in sowing. The study showed that farmers were aware of the role of compost in sustaining yield and improving soil quality. However, lack of equipment and adequate organic material for making compost, land tenure and the intensive labour required for making compost are major constraints for the adoption of compost technology. It was concluded that compost application could contribute to increase food availability in the Sahel and therefore, efforts should be made to alleviate the socio-economic constraints to the adoption of compost technology. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Jean Poesen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil and Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, L Vanlinden, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha(-1) and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha(-1). Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha(-1) harvest', P = 0.16 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 1.08 kg ha(-1) harvest' and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1), K = 0.15 kg ha(-1) harvest(-1). Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
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Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: A case study from Low Input traditional Agriculture
Soil & Tillage Research, 2006Co-Authors: Moses Isabirye, Greet Ruysschaert, L. Van Der Linden, Jean Poesen, M.k. Magunda, Jozef DeckersAbstract:Abstract Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) has been established as an important soil erosion process that has significantly contributed to soil degradation in highly mechanised Agriculture. This has stimulated the need to investigate the importance of this process of erosion under Low Input Agriculture where, until now, only water and tillage erosion are known as important phenomena causing soil degradation. This study was conducted in Eastern Uganda with the folLowing objectives: (1) to assess the amount of soil lost due to the harvesting of cassava roots and sweet potato tubers under Low Input Agriculture, (2) to look into the factors that influence variations in these soil losses, and (3) to estimate the amount of plant nutrients lost due to SLCH for cassava and sweet potato. Soil sticking to roots and tubers was washed and the soil suspension oven dried to estimate the amount of soil lost after harvesting. Mean annual soil loss for cassava was 3.4 tonnes ha −1 and for sweet potato was 0.2 tonnes ha −1 . Ammonium acetate lactate extractable soil nutrient losses for cassava were N = 1.71 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , P = 0.16 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 1.08 kg ha −1 harvest −1 and for sweet potato were N = 0.14, P = 0.01 kg ha −1 harvest −1 , K = 0.15 kg ha −1 harvest −1 . Difference in soil loss due to crop harvesting for cassava and sweet potato could be due to: (1) smaller yields of sweet potato leading to smaller soil losses on an area basis, (2) smoother skin and less kinked morphology of sweet potato that alLowed less soil to adhere, and (3) the fact that sweet potato is planted in mounds which dry out faster compared to the soil under cassava. Soil moisture content at harvesting time and crop age were significant factors that explained the variations in the soil lost at cassava harvesting. Soil loss under cassava justifies the need to conduct further investigations on this process of soil erosion under Low Input Agriculture.
