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Masanaru Takai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reappraisal of Macaca speciosa subfossilis from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Vietnam Based on the Analysis of Cranial Anatomy
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi D. Nishimura, Brigitte Senut, Thomas Koppe, Jacque Treil, Masanaru TakaiAbstract:Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) described Macaca speciosa subfossilis on the basis of her study of the external anatomy of a nearly complete cranium (PV F1; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) found in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, Thung-Lang, northern Vietnam. Whereas Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) considered it to belong to an ancestor of Macaca arctoides or M. thibetana , Fooden (Journal of Human Evolution 19:607–686, 1990 ) reexamined the facial anatomy and assigned it to the extant species M. arctoides . We used computed tomography images to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Macaca speciosa subfossilis by comparing the external and internal features of PV F1 with those of the crania of the extant macaque species. PV F1 shows a lower degree of preorbital concavity than Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , and M. thibetana, but shares an anteriorly directed malar as seen in the crania of the two former species. The size of the molars of PV F1 falls within a range such that the cranium may be assigned to any of the five species of Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , M. thibetana , M. mulatta , and M. nemestrina . An analysis of the internal structure of the cranium reveals that only PV F1 and the cranium of Macaca arctoides have a pear-shaped nasal cavity expanding laterally at both the anterior and posterior regions. Such a feature is probably a derived condition in the macaque lineage, suggesting a close relationship between Macaca speciosa subfossilis and M. arctoides . This finding supports the paleobiological scenario that the members of the lineage of Macaca arctoides diverged from the other members of Asian macaques and became distributed in northern Vietnam as early as the Late Pleistocene.
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Reappraisal of Macaca speciosa subfossilis from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Vietnam Based on the Analysis of Cranial Anatomy
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Tsuyoshi Ito, Brigitte Senut, Thomas Koppe, Jacque Treil, Takeshi Nishimura, Masanaru TakaiAbstract:Jouffroy (Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Serie 2 31:209–216, 1959) described Macaca speciosa subfossilis on the basis of her study of the external anatomy of a nearly complete cranium (PV F1; Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) found in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, Thung-Lang, northern Vietnam. Whereas Jouffroy (Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Serie 2 31:209–216, 1959) considered it to belong to an ancestor of Macaca arctoides or M. thibetana, Fooden (Journal of Human Evolution 19:607–686, 1990) reexamined the facial anatomy and assigned it to the extant species M. arctoides. We used computed tomography images to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Macaca speciosa subfossilis by comparing the external and internal features of PV F1 with those of the crania of the extant macaque species. PV F1 shows a lower degree of preorbital concavity than Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, and M. thibetana, but shares an anteriorly directed malar as seen in the crania of the two former species. The size of the molars of PV F1 falls within a range such that the cranium may be assigned to any of the five species of Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, M. thibetana, M. mulatta, and M. nemestrina. An analysis of the internal structure of the cranium reveals that only PV F1 and the cranium of Macaca arctoides have a pear-shaped nasal cavity expanding laterally at both the anterior and posterior regions. Such a feature is probably a derived condition in the macaque lineage, suggesting a close relationship between Macaca speciosa subfossilis and M. arctoides. This finding supports the paleobiological scenario that the members of the lineage of Macaca arctoides diverged from the other members of Asian macaques and became distributed in northern Vietnam as early as the Late Pleistocene.
Claudio De La O - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological Validations of Fecal Glucocorticoid, Testosterone, and Progesterone Metabolite Measurements in Captive Stumptail Macaques (Macaca arctoides)
International Journal of Primatology, 2017Co-Authors: Enrique Pineda-galindo, Ana Lilia Cerda-molina, Lilian Mayagoitia-novales, Gilberto Matamoros-trejo, Claudio De La OAbstract:Measuring hormone metabolites in fecal samples allows the noninvasive assessment of some steroid hormones in primates. However, noninvasive hormone assays need analytical and biological validation owing to variation in hormone metabolism and excretion between the sexes and across species. We aimed to validate the measurement of fecal glucocorticoid (fGC), testosterone (fT), and progesterone (fP) metabolites in 15 captive stumptail macaques ( Macaca arctoides ). We collected fecal samples before and after we induced a stress response by restraining and injecting the subjects with saline solution. We then measured hormone metabolites using a methanol extraction technique and ^125I radioimmunoassay kits. We analyzed the change in glucocorticoid production before and after the stressor, as well as sexual and social rank differences. For fT metabolite levels we investigated variation with sex, age, and social rank, and for fP metabolite levels, we tested for sexual and cycle phase differences. We found a significant increase in fGC metabolite levels 22–25 h poststressor in both sexes. The increase was greater in high-ranking than in low-ranking individuals. Levels of fT metabolites were higher in males than in females, correlated positively with rank only in males, and correlated negatively with age in both sexes. fP metabolite levels were higher in females than in males, and were higher during the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. These findings indicate that our assays reliably detected hormonal changes related to stress (fGC) and detected differences between social and sexual categories (fT, fP) in stumptail macaques.
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reconciliation in male stump tailed macaques Macaca arctoides intolerant males care for their social relationships
Ethology, 2013Co-Authors: Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Christin Richter, Lieke Mevis, Julia Ostner, Claudio De La O, Oliver SchülkeAbstract:Recent research has shown that social relationships may exert positive effects on fitness. Therefore, it is expected that animals make efforts to develop and preserve close social bonds. Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism, which allows buffering the negative effects of aggressive conflict on social relationships. As socioecological theories claim that intrasexual competition and conflict-shaped social interactions among macaque males, postconflict behaviour should reflect the effects of these evolutionary forces. Here, we present the results of a study on a provisioned group of Macaca arctoides in Thailand focusing exclusively on male postconflict behaviour. Through an Information Theory–Model Selection approach, we evaluated the relative support for three predictions about the occurrence of reconciliation and the quality of the opponents' social relationships. The strength of the opponents' affiliative relationship was the only variable predicting reconciliation occurrence. This agrees with the main prediction of the valuable relationship hypothesis for the function and distribution of reconciliation, which states that the opponents sharing high-quality relationships are more likely to reconcile, and this interaction is aimed to repair the disturbing effects of previous aggression on their relationship. The conciliatory tendency found among these wild males is much lower than reported previously for this species from captive conditions, matching more closely the rates reported for species with an intolerant-despotic dominance style. The results offer strong support for the importance of developing and preserving valuable relationships, even among rather intolerant males.
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Reconciliation in Male Stump‐tailed Macaques (Macaca arctoides): Intolerant Males Care for Their Social Relationships
Ethology, 2012Co-Authors: Claudio De La O, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Christin Richter, Lieke Mevis, Julia Ostner, Oliver SchülkeAbstract:Recent research has shown that social relationships may exert positive effects on fitness. Therefore, it is expected that animals make efforts to develop and preserve close social bonds. Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism, which allows buffering the negative effects of aggressive conflict on social relationships. As socioecological theories claim that intrasexual competition and conflict-shaped social interactions among macaque males, postconflict behaviour should reflect the effects of these evolutionary forces. Here, we present the results of a study on a provisioned group of Macaca arctoides in Thailand focusing exclusively on male postconflict behaviour. Through an Information Theory–Model Selection approach, we evaluated the relative support for three predictions about the occurrence of reconciliation and the quality of the opponents' social relationships. The strength of the opponents' affiliative relationship was the only variable predicting reconciliation occurrence. This agrees with the main prediction of the valuable relationship hypothesis for the function and distribution of reconciliation, which states that the opponents sharing high-quality relationships are more likely to reconcile, and this interaction is aimed to repair the disturbing effects of previous aggression on their relationship. The conciliatory tendency found among these wild males is much lower than reported previously for this species from captive conditions, matching more closely the rates reported for species with an intolerant-despotic dominance style. The results offer strong support for the importance of developing and preserving valuable relationships, even among rather intolerant males.
Suchinda Malaivijitnond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Speech-like orofacial oscillations in stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) facial and vocal signals.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2017Co-Authors: Aru Toyoda, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Tamaki Maruhashi, Hiroki KodaAbstract:Objectives Speech is unique to humans and characterized by facial actions of ∼5 Hz oscillations of lip, mouth or jaw movements. Lip-smacking, a facial display of primates characterized by oscillatory actions involving the vertical opening and closing of the jaw and lips, exhibits stable 5-Hz oscillation patterns, matching that of speech, suggesting that lip-smacking is a precursor of speech. We tested if facial or vocal actions exhibiting the same rate of oscillation are found in wide forms of facial or vocal displays in various social contexts, exhibiting diversity among species. Materials and Methods We observed facial and vocal actions of wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides), and selected video clips including facial displays (teeth chattering; TC), panting calls, and feeding. Ten open-to-open mouth durations during TC and feeding and five amplitude peak-to-peak durations in panting were analyzed. Results Facial display (TC) and vocalization (panting) oscillated within 5.74 ± 1.19 and 6.71 ± 2.91 Hz, respectively, similar to the reported lip-smacking of long-tailed macaques and the speech of humans. Discussion These results indicated a common mechanism for the central pattern generator underlying orofacial movements, which would evolve to speech. Similar oscillations in panting, which evolved from different muscular control than the orofacial action, suggested the sensory foundations for perceptual saliency particular to 5-Hz rhythms in macaques. This supports the pre-adaptation hypothesis of speech evolution, which states a central pattern generator for 5-Hz facial oscillation and perceptual background tuned to 5-Hz actions existed in common ancestors of macaques and humans, before the emergence of speech.
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DOI 10.1007/s10764-009-9364-z Social Relationships in Free-Ranging Male Macaca arctoides
2013Co-Authors: Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Christin Richter, Lieke Mevis, Oliver Schülke, Julia OstnerAbstract:# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Macaque social relationships differ greatly between species. Based on captive studies that focus mainly on females, researchers have classified stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) social relationships as tolerant, as indicated by a high rate of affiliation, frequent aggression, and symmetrical conflicts. To accumulate more data on male social relationships, which are relatively understudied, and to generate comparative data, we investigated male social relationships in a provisioned group of 68 free-ranging, naturally dispersing stumptail macaques in southern Thailand. We collected continuous focal animal and ad libitum data on 7 adult and 2 subadult males, recording social behavior during 283 contact hours between December 2006 and March 2007. Stumptail macaques of this population were less tolerant than predicted based on previous studies on captive groups: Rates of spatial proximity, affiliation, and aggression were low, most males directed affiliative behavior toward higher-ranking males, and conflicts were generally of low intensity and relatively asymmetrical. Thus, male stumptail macaques of the focal group appear to differ in their social style from a previous study of a captive group that C. Richter (*) : O. Schülke: J. Ostne
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reconciliation in male stump tailed macaques Macaca arctoides intolerant males care for their social relationships
Ethology, 2013Co-Authors: Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Christin Richter, Lieke Mevis, Julia Ostner, Claudio De La O, Oliver SchülkeAbstract:Recent research has shown that social relationships may exert positive effects on fitness. Therefore, it is expected that animals make efforts to develop and preserve close social bonds. Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism, which allows buffering the negative effects of aggressive conflict on social relationships. As socioecological theories claim that intrasexual competition and conflict-shaped social interactions among macaque males, postconflict behaviour should reflect the effects of these evolutionary forces. Here, we present the results of a study on a provisioned group of Macaca arctoides in Thailand focusing exclusively on male postconflict behaviour. Through an Information Theory–Model Selection approach, we evaluated the relative support for three predictions about the occurrence of reconciliation and the quality of the opponents' social relationships. The strength of the opponents' affiliative relationship was the only variable predicting reconciliation occurrence. This agrees with the main prediction of the valuable relationship hypothesis for the function and distribution of reconciliation, which states that the opponents sharing high-quality relationships are more likely to reconcile, and this interaction is aimed to repair the disturbing effects of previous aggression on their relationship. The conciliatory tendency found among these wild males is much lower than reported previously for this species from captive conditions, matching more closely the rates reported for species with an intolerant-despotic dominance style. The results offer strong support for the importance of developing and preserving valuable relationships, even among rather intolerant males.
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Reconciliation in Male Stump‐tailed Macaques (Macaca arctoides): Intolerant Males Care for Their Social Relationships
Ethology, 2012Co-Authors: Claudio De La O, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Christin Richter, Lieke Mevis, Julia Ostner, Oliver SchülkeAbstract:Recent research has shown that social relationships may exert positive effects on fitness. Therefore, it is expected that animals make efforts to develop and preserve close social bonds. Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism, which allows buffering the negative effects of aggressive conflict on social relationships. As socioecological theories claim that intrasexual competition and conflict-shaped social interactions among macaque males, postconflict behaviour should reflect the effects of these evolutionary forces. Here, we present the results of a study on a provisioned group of Macaca arctoides in Thailand focusing exclusively on male postconflict behaviour. Through an Information Theory–Model Selection approach, we evaluated the relative support for three predictions about the occurrence of reconciliation and the quality of the opponents' social relationships. The strength of the opponents' affiliative relationship was the only variable predicting reconciliation occurrence. This agrees with the main prediction of the valuable relationship hypothesis for the function and distribution of reconciliation, which states that the opponents sharing high-quality relationships are more likely to reconcile, and this interaction is aimed to repair the disturbing effects of previous aggression on their relationship. The conciliatory tendency found among these wild males is much lower than reported previously for this species from captive conditions, matching more closely the rates reported for species with an intolerant-despotic dominance style. The results offer strong support for the importance of developing and preserving valuable relationships, even among rather intolerant males.
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Social Relationships in Free-Ranging Male Macaca arctoides.
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Christin Richter, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Lieke Mevis, Oliver Schülke, Julia OstnerAbstract:Macaque social relationships differ greatly between species. Based on captive studies that focus mainly on females, researchers have classified stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) social relationships as tolerant, as indicated by a high rate of affiliation, frequent aggression, and symmetrical conflicts. To accumulate more data on male social relationships, which are relatively understudied, and to generate comparative data, we investigated male social relationships in a provisioned group of 68 free-ranging, naturally dispersing stumptail macaques in southern Thailand. We collected continuous focal animal and ad libitum data on 7 adult and 2 subadult males, recording social behavior during 283 contact hours between December 2006 and March 2007. Stumptail macaques of this population were less tolerant than predicted based on previous studies on captive groups: Rates of spatial proximity, affiliation, and aggression were low, most males directed affiliative behavior toward higher-ranking males, and conflicts were generally of low intensity and relatively asymmetrical. Thus, male stumptail macaques of the focal group appear to differ in their social style from a previous study of a captive group that mainly comprised of females. In some traits, they are even more intolerant than rhesus macaques, an intensively studied intolerant macaque species. We also compare our data on stumptail macaque males to those on other male macaques, but available data are too sparse to draw final conclusions.
Takeshi D. Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reappraisal of Macaca speciosa subfossilis from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Vietnam Based on the Analysis of Cranial Anatomy
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi D. Nishimura, Brigitte Senut, Thomas Koppe, Jacque Treil, Masanaru TakaiAbstract:Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) described Macaca speciosa subfossilis on the basis of her study of the external anatomy of a nearly complete cranium (PV F1; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) found in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, Thung-Lang, northern Vietnam. Whereas Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) considered it to belong to an ancestor of Macaca arctoides or M. thibetana , Fooden (Journal of Human Evolution 19:607–686, 1990 ) reexamined the facial anatomy and assigned it to the extant species M. arctoides . We used computed tomography images to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Macaca speciosa subfossilis by comparing the external and internal features of PV F1 with those of the crania of the extant macaque species. PV F1 shows a lower degree of preorbital concavity than Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , and M. thibetana, but shares an anteriorly directed malar as seen in the crania of the two former species. The size of the molars of PV F1 falls within a range such that the cranium may be assigned to any of the five species of Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , M. thibetana , M. mulatta , and M. nemestrina . An analysis of the internal structure of the cranium reveals that only PV F1 and the cranium of Macaca arctoides have a pear-shaped nasal cavity expanding laterally at both the anterior and posterior regions. Such a feature is probably a derived condition in the macaque lineage, suggesting a close relationship between Macaca speciosa subfossilis and M. arctoides . This finding supports the paleobiological scenario that the members of the lineage of Macaca arctoides diverged from the other members of Asian macaques and became distributed in northern Vietnam as early as the Late Pleistocene.
Jacque Treil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reappraisal of Macaca speciosa subfossilis from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Vietnam Based on the Analysis of Cranial Anatomy
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi D. Nishimura, Brigitte Senut, Thomas Koppe, Jacque Treil, Masanaru TakaiAbstract:Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) described Macaca speciosa subfossilis on the basis of her study of the external anatomy of a nearly complete cranium (PV F1; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) found in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, Thung-Lang, northern Vietnam. Whereas Jouffroy (Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Série 2 31:209–216, 1959 ) considered it to belong to an ancestor of Macaca arctoides or M. thibetana , Fooden (Journal of Human Evolution 19:607–686, 1990 ) reexamined the facial anatomy and assigned it to the extant species M. arctoides . We used computed tomography images to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Macaca speciosa subfossilis by comparing the external and internal features of PV F1 with those of the crania of the extant macaque species. PV F1 shows a lower degree of preorbital concavity than Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , and M. thibetana, but shares an anteriorly directed malar as seen in the crania of the two former species. The size of the molars of PV F1 falls within a range such that the cranium may be assigned to any of the five species of Macaca arctoides , M. assamensis , M. thibetana , M. mulatta , and M. nemestrina . An analysis of the internal structure of the cranium reveals that only PV F1 and the cranium of Macaca arctoides have a pear-shaped nasal cavity expanding laterally at both the anterior and posterior regions. Such a feature is probably a derived condition in the macaque lineage, suggesting a close relationship between Macaca speciosa subfossilis and M. arctoides . This finding supports the paleobiological scenario that the members of the lineage of Macaca arctoides diverged from the other members of Asian macaques and became distributed in northern Vietnam as early as the Late Pleistocene.
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Reappraisal of Macaca speciosa subfossilis from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Vietnam Based on the Analysis of Cranial Anatomy
International Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Tsuyoshi Ito, Brigitte Senut, Thomas Koppe, Jacque Treil, Takeshi Nishimura, Masanaru TakaiAbstract:Jouffroy (Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Serie 2 31:209–216, 1959) described Macaca speciosa subfossilis on the basis of her study of the external anatomy of a nearly complete cranium (PV F1; Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) found in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, Thung-Lang, northern Vietnam. Whereas Jouffroy (Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Serie 2 31:209–216, 1959) considered it to belong to an ancestor of Macaca arctoides or M. thibetana, Fooden (Journal of Human Evolution 19:607–686, 1990) reexamined the facial anatomy and assigned it to the extant species M. arctoides. We used computed tomography images to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Macaca speciosa subfossilis by comparing the external and internal features of PV F1 with those of the crania of the extant macaque species. PV F1 shows a lower degree of preorbital concavity than Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, and M. thibetana, but shares an anteriorly directed malar as seen in the crania of the two former species. The size of the molars of PV F1 falls within a range such that the cranium may be assigned to any of the five species of Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, M. thibetana, M. mulatta, and M. nemestrina. An analysis of the internal structure of the cranium reveals that only PV F1 and the cranium of Macaca arctoides have a pear-shaped nasal cavity expanding laterally at both the anterior and posterior regions. Such a feature is probably a derived condition in the macaque lineage, suggesting a close relationship between Macaca speciosa subfossilis and M. arctoides. This finding supports the paleobiological scenario that the members of the lineage of Macaca arctoides diverged from the other members of Asian macaques and became distributed in northern Vietnam as early as the Late Pleistocene.
