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Mario Pianesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gut microbiota and ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
World Journal of Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Francesco Fallucca, Lucia Fontana, Sara Fallucca, Mario PianesiAbstract:In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide, driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals. A number of Diets have been shown to be effective for the management of T2DM: the Mediterranean Diet, the vegetarian Diet and the low-calorie Diet. Results of studies clearly indicate, however, that the efficacy of these Diets is not solely related to the biochemical structure of the individual nutrients they contain. This review discusses this point with reference to the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetes. The Macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 Diet is rich in carbohydrates, whole grains and vegetables, with no animal fat or protein or added sugar. In short- and medium-term trials conducted in patients with T2DM, the Ma-Pi 2 Diet has been found to significantly improve indicators of metabolic control, including fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, the serum lipid profile, body mass index, body weight and blood pressure. The Diet may also alter the gut microbiota composition, which could additionally affect glycemic control. As a result, the Ma-Pi 2 Diet could be considered a valid additional short- to medium-term treatment for T2DM.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet intervention during 21 days in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ghana 2011
Internal Medicine Inside, 2014Co-Authors: Braimah Baba Abubakari, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Carmen Porratamaury, Mohammed M Ibrahim, Iddrisu Mutawakilu, Vladimir Ruiz Alvarez, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background: Acceptable results have been observed in Cuban, and Chinese diabetic type 2 patients treated during 21 days with Ma-Pi 2 vegetarian Macrobiotic Diet. The study aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of these results in Tamale, Ghana, as a part of the multicenter study promoted by UPM, A Macrobiotic Point, Italy. Methods: A 21 day Dietary intervention was carried out in 23 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diet consisted of whole cereals, vegetables, legumes, sesame seeds, seaweeds, soy fermented products and green tea. Patients were hospitalized during the study in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. In order to evaluate the effect of the Diet, records of anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical indicators, blood pressure, clinical evaluation and medication adjustments, were carried out. Data at onset and at termination were compared. Results: Despite the limitations of the intervention (small and non random selected sample, physical inactivity, and vegetable scarcities), significant reductions were recorded on: glycosemia, 47%; fructosemia, 27%; leukocytes, 20%; blood urea, 23%; and insulin consumption, 44%. The urine pH increased by 10%, which was evidence of a lower metabolic acidosis level after the Diet. Conclusions: The fast improvement of the glucose metabolic control, parallel to the significant reduction in insulin consumption evidenced the therapeutic benefit of the Ma-Pi 2 Diet. These encouraging results, though preliminary, should be additionally extended in further research addressed to describe the underlying metabolic mechanisms. An additional study with a control group receiving the prescribed standard Diet for type 2 diabetic patients is recommended.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus pooled analysis of short term intervention studies
Diabetes-metabolism Research and Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Francesco Fallucca, V Ruizalvarez, M E Diazsanchez, W Bin, B Babaabubakari, Mario PianesiAbstract:The Macrobiotic, Ma-Pi 2 Diet (12% protein, 18% fat and 70% carbohydrate), has shown benefit in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This pooled analysis aims to confirm results from four, 21-day intervention studies with the Ma-Pi 2 Diet, carried out in Cuba, China, Ghana and Italy. Baseline and end of study biochemical, body composition and blood pressure data, were compared using multivariate statistical methods and assessment of the Cohen effect size (d). Results showed that all measured indicators demonstrated significant changes (p 0.05). Similarly, glycemia and glycemic profiles in all four studies were independent of the sample size (p = 0.237). The Ma-Pi Diet 2 significantly reduced glycemia, serum lipids, uremia and cardiovascular risk in adults with T2DM. These results suggest that the Ma-Pi 2 Diet could be a valid alternative treatment for patients with T2DM and point to the need for further clinical studies. Mechanisms related to its benefits as a functional Diet are discussed.
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medium and short term interventions with ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in type 2 diabetic adults of bauta havana
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Eduardo Rodriguezsotero, Raul Viladacostacalheiros, Hector Hernandezhernandez, Mayelin Mirabalsosa, Concepcion Campahuergo, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background. In Cuba, the Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet has shown positive results in 6-month assays with type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of this Diet at short and medium terms. Methods. Sixty-five type 2 diabetic volunteers were included for Dietary intervention, institutionally based for 21 days and followed later at home, until completing 3 months. 54 of them stayed until assay end. Before intervention, and after both assay periods, they were submitted to anthropometric records, body composition analyses and measurements of serum biochemical indicators, glycemic profile in capillary blood, blood pressure, and medication consumption; food intake was evaluated by the 3-day Dietary recall. Results. During the intervention, the energy intake was 200 kcal higher at instance of more complex carbohydrates and Dietary fiber and despite less fat and protein. Blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators decreased significantly in both periods; the safety nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, serum total proteins, and albumin) showed no variations. The global cardiovascular risk decreased and insulin consumption dropped by 46% and 64%, in both periods, respectively. Conclusions. The Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet was a successful therapy at short term and after 3-month home-based intervention, for type 2 diabetics.
Carmen Porratamaury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet intervention during 21 days in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ghana 2011
Internal Medicine Inside, 2014Co-Authors: Braimah Baba Abubakari, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Carmen Porratamaury, Mohammed M Ibrahim, Iddrisu Mutawakilu, Vladimir Ruiz Alvarez, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background: Acceptable results have been observed in Cuban, and Chinese diabetic type 2 patients treated during 21 days with Ma-Pi 2 vegetarian Macrobiotic Diet. The study aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of these results in Tamale, Ghana, as a part of the multicenter study promoted by UPM, A Macrobiotic Point, Italy. Methods: A 21 day Dietary intervention was carried out in 23 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diet consisted of whole cereals, vegetables, legumes, sesame seeds, seaweeds, soy fermented products and green tea. Patients were hospitalized during the study in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. In order to evaluate the effect of the Diet, records of anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical indicators, blood pressure, clinical evaluation and medication adjustments, were carried out. Data at onset and at termination were compared. Results: Despite the limitations of the intervention (small and non random selected sample, physical inactivity, and vegetable scarcities), significant reductions were recorded on: glycosemia, 47%; fructosemia, 27%; leukocytes, 20%; blood urea, 23%; and insulin consumption, 44%. The urine pH increased by 10%, which was evidence of a lower metabolic acidosis level after the Diet. Conclusions: The fast improvement of the glucose metabolic control, parallel to the significant reduction in insulin consumption evidenced the therapeutic benefit of the Ma-Pi 2 Diet. These encouraging results, though preliminary, should be additionally extended in further research addressed to describe the underlying metabolic mechanisms. An additional study with a control group receiving the prescribed standard Diet for type 2 diabetic patients is recommended.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus pooled analysis of short term intervention studies
Diabetes-metabolism Research and Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Francesco Fallucca, V Ruizalvarez, M E Diazsanchez, W Bin, B Babaabubakari, Mario PianesiAbstract:The Macrobiotic, Ma-Pi 2 Diet (12% protein, 18% fat and 70% carbohydrate), has shown benefit in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This pooled analysis aims to confirm results from four, 21-day intervention studies with the Ma-Pi 2 Diet, carried out in Cuba, China, Ghana and Italy. Baseline and end of study biochemical, body composition and blood pressure data, were compared using multivariate statistical methods and assessment of the Cohen effect size (d). Results showed that all measured indicators demonstrated significant changes (p 0.05). Similarly, glycemia and glycemic profiles in all four studies were independent of the sample size (p = 0.237). The Ma-Pi Diet 2 significantly reduced glycemia, serum lipids, uremia and cardiovascular risk in adults with T2DM. These results suggest that the Ma-Pi 2 Diet could be a valid alternative treatment for patients with T2DM and point to the need for further clinical studies. Mechanisms related to its benefits as a functional Diet are discussed.
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medium and short term interventions with ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in type 2 diabetic adults of bauta havana
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Eduardo Rodriguezsotero, Raul Viladacostacalheiros, Hector Hernandezhernandez, Mayelin Mirabalsosa, Concepcion Campahuergo, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background. In Cuba, the Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet has shown positive results in 6-month assays with type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of this Diet at short and medium terms. Methods. Sixty-five type 2 diabetic volunteers were included for Dietary intervention, institutionally based for 21 days and followed later at home, until completing 3 months. 54 of them stayed until assay end. Before intervention, and after both assay periods, they were submitted to anthropometric records, body composition analyses and measurements of serum biochemical indicators, glycemic profile in capillary blood, blood pressure, and medication consumption; food intake was evaluated by the 3-day Dietary recall. Results. During the intervention, the energy intake was 200 kcal higher at instance of more complex carbohydrates and Dietary fiber and despite less fat and protein. Blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators decreased significantly in both periods; the safety nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, serum total proteins, and albumin) showed no variations. The global cardiovascular risk decreased and insulin consumption dropped by 46% and 64%, in both periods, respectively. Conclusions. The Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet was a successful therapy at short term and after 3-month home-based intervention, for type 2 diabetics.
W A Van Staveren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are levels of bone turnover related to lower bone mass of adolescents previously fed a Macrobiotic Diet
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 2001Co-Authors: T J Parsons, M Van Dusseldorp, Markus J Seibel, W A Van StaverenAbstract:Dutch adolescents who consumed a Macrobiotic (vegan-type) Diet in early life, demonstrate a lower relative bone mass than their omnivorous counterparts. We investigated whether subjects from the Macrobiotic group showed signs of catching up with controls in terms of relative bone mass, reflected by higher levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of urinary cross-links. Group differences in calciotropic hormones and mineral excretion were also investigated. Bone measurements, blood, and urine samples were obtained from 69 Macrobiotic (34 girls, 35 boys) and 99 control (57 girls, 42 boys) subjects, aged 9-15. Bone turnover markers and 1,25(OH)2D reached maximal levels at pubertal stages 3-4, and decreased thereafter. After adjusting for puberty, age, and lean body mass, no group differences were found in markers of bone turnover, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, or calcium excretion, but phosphate excretion was 23% lower in Macrobiotic girls. After adjustment for puberty, 1,25(OH)2D was positively related to osteocalcin. In summary, we found no evidence for group differences in bone turnover, or catch up in relative bone mass, which might be due to the fact that 60% of subjects were still in early stages of puberty.
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risk of persistent cobalamin deficiency in adolescents fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early life
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M Van Dusseldorp, J Schneede, Helga Refsum, P M Ueland, Chris M G Thomas, E De Boer, W A Van StaverenAbstract:Background: Cobalamin deficiency has been described in children consuming Macrobiotic Diets. Objective: We investigated whether moderate consumption of animal products is sufficient for achieving normal cobalamin function in 73 adolescents who had received a Macrobiotic Diet until 6 y of age and had then switched to a lactovegetarian, lactoovovegetarian, or omnivorous Diet (Macrobiotic adolescents). Design: Hematologic indexes and serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), and folate were measured. Current consumption frequency of animal products and cobalamin intake from dairy products were assessed by questionnaire. Data from 94 age-matched adolescents who received an omnivorous Diet from birth were used as a reference. Results: Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower and concentrations of MMA and folate and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher in Macrobiotic adolescents than in control adolescents: of Macrobiotic adolescents, 21% had abnormal MMA concentrations (> 0.41 mmol/L), 37% had abnormal cobalamin concentrations ( 12.8 mmol/L), and 15% had abnormal MCV (> 89 fL). In Macrobiotic adolescents, dairy products (200 g milk or yogurt and 22 g cheese/d) supplied on average 0.95 mg cobalamin/d; additionally, these adolescents consumed fish, meat, or chicken 2‐3 times/wk. In girls, meat consumption contributed more to cobalamin status than the consumption of dairy products, whereas in boys these food groups were equally important. Conclusions: A substantial number of the formerly strict Macrobiotic adolescents still had impaired cobalamin function. Thus, moderate consumption of animal products is not sufficient for restoring normal cobalamin status in subjects with inadequate cobalamin intake during the early years of life. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:664‐71.
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reduced bone mass in dutch adolescents fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early life
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997Co-Authors: T J Parsons, M Van Dusseldorp, M Van Der Vliet, K Van De Werken, G Schaafsma, W A Van StaverenAbstract:This study investigated the effect of a Macrobiotic (vegan-type) Diet, low in calcium and vitamin D, consumed in early life, on bone mineral during adolescence. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area were measured in 195 adolescents (103 girls, 92 boys) aged 9-15 years, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ninety-three adolescents (43 girls, 50 boys) had followed a Macrobiotic Diet in childhood, and 102 (60 girls, 42 boys) were control subjects. After adjustment for bone area, weight, height, percent body lean, age, and puberty, BMC was significantly lower in Macrobiotic subjects, in boys and girls, respectively, at the whole body, -3.4% and -2.5%, spine, -8.5% and -5.0%, femoral neck, -8.0% and -8.2%, midshaft radius, -6.8% and -5.6%, and also in girls, at the trochanter, -5.8% (p < 0.05). No group differences were observed at the wrist. Group differences were not explained by current calcium adjusted bone mass at age 9-15 years, observations which may hold important implications for fracture risk in later life.
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catch up growth in children fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early childhood
Journal of Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: M Van Dusseldorp, Ilja C W Arts, J S Bergsma, N De Jong, Pieter C Dagnelie, W A Van StaverenAbstract:To study the relationship between Diet and growth, a longitudinal anthropometric study was conducted in a Dutch population consuming a Macrobiotic Diet. Measurements (anthropometry and food habit questionnaire) were taken in 1985 (0-7 y), 1987, and in 1993 (7-16 y, n = 209). Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric measures and changes expressed as the differences between 1993 and the mean of 1985 and 1987. Analysis indicated significant (P < 0.002) catch-up in height [(mean Z-score +/-sEM) +0.59 +/- 0.071 and arm circumference (+0.34 +/- 0.09) for age (boys and girls combined). In 1993, both girls and boys were still significantly (P < 0.05) below the reference for height and sum of four skinfolds for age, and girls were below reference for weight-for-height and arm circumference for age. In girls, multiple regression analyses showed a significant positive effect of the consumption frequency of dairy products on catch-up growth in height, weight and arm circumference, after adjustment for menarche, age, and baseline height, weight and arm circumference (P < 0.05). The addition of moderate amounts of dairy products to a vegan type of Diet improved growth of children, especially girls.
Manuel Hernandeztriana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet intervention during 21 days in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ghana 2011
Internal Medicine Inside, 2014Co-Authors: Braimah Baba Abubakari, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Carmen Porratamaury, Mohammed M Ibrahim, Iddrisu Mutawakilu, Vladimir Ruiz Alvarez, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background: Acceptable results have been observed in Cuban, and Chinese diabetic type 2 patients treated during 21 days with Ma-Pi 2 vegetarian Macrobiotic Diet. The study aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of these results in Tamale, Ghana, as a part of the multicenter study promoted by UPM, A Macrobiotic Point, Italy. Methods: A 21 day Dietary intervention was carried out in 23 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diet consisted of whole cereals, vegetables, legumes, sesame seeds, seaweeds, soy fermented products and green tea. Patients were hospitalized during the study in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. In order to evaluate the effect of the Diet, records of anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical indicators, blood pressure, clinical evaluation and medication adjustments, were carried out. Data at onset and at termination were compared. Results: Despite the limitations of the intervention (small and non random selected sample, physical inactivity, and vegetable scarcities), significant reductions were recorded on: glycosemia, 47%; fructosemia, 27%; leukocytes, 20%; blood urea, 23%; and insulin consumption, 44%. The urine pH increased by 10%, which was evidence of a lower metabolic acidosis level after the Diet. Conclusions: The fast improvement of the glucose metabolic control, parallel to the significant reduction in insulin consumption evidenced the therapeutic benefit of the Ma-Pi 2 Diet. These encouraging results, though preliminary, should be additionally extended in further research addressed to describe the underlying metabolic mechanisms. An additional study with a control group receiving the prescribed standard Diet for type 2 diabetic patients is recommended.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus pooled analysis of short term intervention studies
Diabetes-metabolism Research and Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Francesco Fallucca, V Ruizalvarez, M E Diazsanchez, W Bin, B Babaabubakari, Mario PianesiAbstract:The Macrobiotic, Ma-Pi 2 Diet (12% protein, 18% fat and 70% carbohydrate), has shown benefit in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This pooled analysis aims to confirm results from four, 21-day intervention studies with the Ma-Pi 2 Diet, carried out in Cuba, China, Ghana and Italy. Baseline and end of study biochemical, body composition and blood pressure data, were compared using multivariate statistical methods and assessment of the Cohen effect size (d). Results showed that all measured indicators demonstrated significant changes (p 0.05). Similarly, glycemia and glycemic profiles in all four studies were independent of the sample size (p = 0.237). The Ma-Pi Diet 2 significantly reduced glycemia, serum lipids, uremia and cardiovascular risk in adults with T2DM. These results suggest that the Ma-Pi 2 Diet could be a valid alternative treatment for patients with T2DM and point to the need for further clinical studies. Mechanisms related to its benefits as a functional Diet are discussed.
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medium and short term interventions with ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in type 2 diabetic adults of bauta havana
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012Co-Authors: Carmen Porratamaury, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Eduardo Rodriguezsotero, Raul Viladacostacalheiros, Hector Hernandezhernandez, Mayelin Mirabalsosa, Concepcion Campahuergo, Mario PianesiAbstract:Background. In Cuba, the Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet has shown positive results in 6-month assays with type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of this Diet at short and medium terms. Methods. Sixty-five type 2 diabetic volunteers were included for Dietary intervention, institutionally based for 21 days and followed later at home, until completing 3 months. 54 of them stayed until assay end. Before intervention, and after both assay periods, they were submitted to anthropometric records, body composition analyses and measurements of serum biochemical indicators, glycemic profile in capillary blood, blood pressure, and medication consumption; food intake was evaluated by the 3-day Dietary recall. Results. During the intervention, the energy intake was 200 kcal higher at instance of more complex carbohydrates and Dietary fiber and despite less fat and protein. Blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators decreased significantly in both periods; the safety nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, serum total proteins, and albumin) showed no variations. The global cardiovascular risk decreased and insulin consumption dropped by 46% and 64%, in both periods, respectively. Conclusions. The Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet was a successful therapy at short term and after 3-month home-based intervention, for type 2 diabetics.
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ma pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
MEDICC Review, 2009Co-Authors: Carmen Porrata, Julio Sanchez, Violeta Correa, Alfredo Abuin, Manuel Hernandeztriana, Raul Vila Dacostacalheiros, Maria Elena Diaz, Mayelin Mirabal, Eduardo Cabrera, Concepcion CampaAbstract:Diet is a cornerstone of comprehensive treatment of diabe- tes mellitus. The Macrobiotic Diet is low in fat and rich in Dietary fiber, veg - etables and whole grains, and therefore may be a good therapeutic option. Objective Assess the influence of the Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet on physical, hematologic and biochemical variables, as well as on hypo- glycemic medication, in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods A 6-month Dietary intervention was carried out in 16 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glucide metabolism control (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1 >8.5%) receiving treatment at the Diabetic Care Center in Colon, Matanzas province, Cuba. The Diet was prepared and served daily by Macrobiotic specialists. Type and amount of food consumed and nutritional content were assessed us- ing a weighted food-consumption survey. At onset and termination of the intervention, anthropometric and body composition variables were measured, as were biochemical (glucide and lipid metabolism) and other nutritional safety variables, and hypoglycemic drug use. Results The Diet provided sufficient energy and protein. It was low in fat, high in complex carbohydrates and Dietary fiber, and provided adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals, except for vitamin B12. At 6 months, anthropometric variables were significantly lower, lean body mass was preserved, and glucide and lipid metabolism was controlled. All participants were able to eliminate insulin treatment, and 25% con- tinued treatment with glibenclamide only. Mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride values dropped 16.4%, 22.7% and 37.0%, respectively, while mean HDL cholesterol rose 97.8%. Mean glycemia and HbA1 values also decreased 63.8% and 54.5%, respectively. Ac- cording to lipid levels and ratios, cardiovascular risk was also consider- ably reduced. Hemoglobin, total protein, albumin and creatinin levels indicated that nutritional safety was maintained. There were no ad- verse events. Conclusions In the 6-month intervention, the Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet had a positive influence on weight control, body fat, and glucide and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further re- search is needed to validate these encouraging results, particularly a clinical trial in which a control group receives the standard Diet recom- mended for diabetic patients.
M Van Dusseldorp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are levels of bone turnover related to lower bone mass of adolescents previously fed a Macrobiotic Diet
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 2001Co-Authors: T J Parsons, M Van Dusseldorp, Markus J Seibel, W A Van StaverenAbstract:Dutch adolescents who consumed a Macrobiotic (vegan-type) Diet in early life, demonstrate a lower relative bone mass than their omnivorous counterparts. We investigated whether subjects from the Macrobiotic group showed signs of catching up with controls in terms of relative bone mass, reflected by higher levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of urinary cross-links. Group differences in calciotropic hormones and mineral excretion were also investigated. Bone measurements, blood, and urine samples were obtained from 69 Macrobiotic (34 girls, 35 boys) and 99 control (57 girls, 42 boys) subjects, aged 9-15. Bone turnover markers and 1,25(OH)2D reached maximal levels at pubertal stages 3-4, and decreased thereafter. After adjusting for puberty, age, and lean body mass, no group differences were found in markers of bone turnover, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, or calcium excretion, but phosphate excretion was 23% lower in Macrobiotic girls. After adjustment for puberty, 1,25(OH)2D was positively related to osteocalcin. In summary, we found no evidence for group differences in bone turnover, or catch up in relative bone mass, which might be due to the fact that 60% of subjects were still in early stages of puberty.
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risk of persistent cobalamin deficiency in adolescents fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early life
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: M Van Dusseldorp, J Schneede, Helga Refsum, P M Ueland, Chris M G Thomas, E De Boer, W A Van StaverenAbstract:Background: Cobalamin deficiency has been described in children consuming Macrobiotic Diets. Objective: We investigated whether moderate consumption of animal products is sufficient for achieving normal cobalamin function in 73 adolescents who had received a Macrobiotic Diet until 6 y of age and had then switched to a lactovegetarian, lactoovovegetarian, or omnivorous Diet (Macrobiotic adolescents). Design: Hematologic indexes and serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), and folate were measured. Current consumption frequency of animal products and cobalamin intake from dairy products were assessed by questionnaire. Data from 94 age-matched adolescents who received an omnivorous Diet from birth were used as a reference. Results: Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower and concentrations of MMA and folate and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher in Macrobiotic adolescents than in control adolescents: of Macrobiotic adolescents, 21% had abnormal MMA concentrations (> 0.41 mmol/L), 37% had abnormal cobalamin concentrations ( 12.8 mmol/L), and 15% had abnormal MCV (> 89 fL). In Macrobiotic adolescents, dairy products (200 g milk or yogurt and 22 g cheese/d) supplied on average 0.95 mg cobalamin/d; additionally, these adolescents consumed fish, meat, or chicken 2‐3 times/wk. In girls, meat consumption contributed more to cobalamin status than the consumption of dairy products, whereas in boys these food groups were equally important. Conclusions: A substantial number of the formerly strict Macrobiotic adolescents still had impaired cobalamin function. Thus, moderate consumption of animal products is not sufficient for restoring normal cobalamin status in subjects with inadequate cobalamin intake during the early years of life. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:664‐71.
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reduced bone mass in dutch adolescents fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early life
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997Co-Authors: T J Parsons, M Van Dusseldorp, M Van Der Vliet, K Van De Werken, G Schaafsma, W A Van StaverenAbstract:This study investigated the effect of a Macrobiotic (vegan-type) Diet, low in calcium and vitamin D, consumed in early life, on bone mineral during adolescence. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area were measured in 195 adolescents (103 girls, 92 boys) aged 9-15 years, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ninety-three adolescents (43 girls, 50 boys) had followed a Macrobiotic Diet in childhood, and 102 (60 girls, 42 boys) were control subjects. After adjustment for bone area, weight, height, percent body lean, age, and puberty, BMC was significantly lower in Macrobiotic subjects, in boys and girls, respectively, at the whole body, -3.4% and -2.5%, spine, -8.5% and -5.0%, femoral neck, -8.0% and -8.2%, midshaft radius, -6.8% and -5.6%, and also in girls, at the trochanter, -5.8% (p < 0.05). No group differences were observed at the wrist. Group differences were not explained by current calcium adjusted bone mass at age 9-15 years, observations which may hold important implications for fracture risk in later life.
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catch up growth in children fed a Macrobiotic Diet in early childhood
Journal of Nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: M Van Dusseldorp, Ilja C W Arts, J S Bergsma, N De Jong, Pieter C Dagnelie, W A Van StaverenAbstract:To study the relationship between Diet and growth, a longitudinal anthropometric study was conducted in a Dutch population consuming a Macrobiotic Diet. Measurements (anthropometry and food habit questionnaire) were taken in 1985 (0-7 y), 1987, and in 1993 (7-16 y, n = 209). Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric measures and changes expressed as the differences between 1993 and the mean of 1985 and 1987. Analysis indicated significant (P < 0.002) catch-up in height [(mean Z-score +/-sEM) +0.59 +/- 0.071 and arm circumference (+0.34 +/- 0.09) for age (boys and girls combined). In 1993, both girls and boys were still significantly (P < 0.05) below the reference for height and sum of four skinfolds for age, and girls were below reference for weight-for-height and arm circumference for age. In girls, multiple regression analyses showed a significant positive effect of the consumption frequency of dairy products on catch-up growth in height, weight and arm circumference, after adjustment for menarche, age, and baseline height, weight and arm circumference (P < 0.05). The addition of moderate amounts of dairy products to a vegan type of Diet improved growth of children, especially girls.
