The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donald E Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Yevgeniya Le, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 >> 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts increased with increase in monomer concentration, and only selected conditions produced narrow distributed polymer chains. The molecular weight of grafted polymer chains differs significantly to those formed in solution. The hydrodynamic thicknesses of the grafted polymer layers were fitted to the Daoud and Cotton model (DCM) for brush height on spherical surfaces. The results show that the size of the pendent groups on the polymer chains has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush for a given degree of polymerization. The new PEG-based surfaces show good protection against nonspecific protein adsorption from blood plasma compared to the bare surface. Protein adsorption decreased with increasing surface density of grafted polymer chains. Poly(MPEG750Am) brushes were more effective in preventing protein adsorption than poly(MPEG350Am) even at low graft densities, presumably due to the increase in PEG content in the grafted layer.
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a thermodynamic roadmap for the grafting through polymerization of pdms11ma
ACS Macro Letters, 2020Co-Authors: Michael R Martinez, Yidan Cong, Sergei S Sheiko, Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiAbstract:Grafting-through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to polymerize a sterically hindered poly(dimethylsiloxane) methacrylate (PDMS11MA, Mn = 1000) Macromonomer to high conversion a...
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influence of the degree of methacrylation on hyaluronic acid hydrogels properties
Biomaterials, 2008Co-Authors: Sidi A Bencherif, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Abiraman Srinivasan, Ferenc Horkay, Jeffrey O Hollinger, Newell R WashburnAbstract:Abstract The properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels having a broad range of methacrylation are presented. Increasing solubility of glycidyl methacrylate (GM) in a co-solvent mixture during the methacrylation of HA with GM was shown to produce photopolymerizable HAGM conjugates with various degree of methacrylation (DM) ranging from 14% up to 90%. Aqueous solutions of HAGM Macromonomers were photocross-linked to yield hydrogels with nearly full vinyl group conversions after 10 min exposure under ultraviolet light (UV). Hydrogels were characterized by uniaxial compression and volumetric swelling measurements. Keeping the DM constant, the shear modulus was varied from 16 kPa up to 73 kPa by varying the Macromonomer concentration. However, at a given Macromonomer concentration while varying the DM, similarly the shear modulus varied from 22 kPa up to 65 kPa. Preliminary in-vitro cell culture studies showed that GRGDS modified HAGM hydrogels promoted similarly cell interaction at both low and high DMs, 32% and 60%, respectively. Densely cross-linked hydrogels with a high DM have been shown to be more mechanically robust while maintaining cytocompability and cell adhesion.
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polyolefin graft copolymers via living polymerization techniques preparation of poly n butyl acrylate graft polyethylene through the combination of pd mediated living olefin polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization
Journal of Polymer Science Part A, 2002Co-Authors: Sung Chul Hong, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Mircea Teodorescu, Tomasz Kowalewski, Amy C Gottfried, Maurice BrookhartAbstract:Poly(n-butyl acrylate)-graft-branched polyethylene was successfully prepared by the combination of two living polymerization techniques. First, a branched polyethylene Macromonomer with a methacrylate-functionalized end group was prepared by Pd-mediated living olefin polymerization. The Macromonomer was then copolymerized with n-butyl acrylate by atom transfer radical polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography traces of the graft copolymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions indicative of a controlled reaction. At low Macromonomer concentrations corresponding to low viscosities, the reactivity ratios of the Macromonomer to n-butyl acrylate were similar to those for methyl methacrylate to n-butyl acrylate. However, the increased viscosity of the reaction solution resulting from increased Macromonomer concentrations caused a lowering of the apparent reactivity ratio of the Macromonomer to n-butyl acrylate, indicating an incompatibility between nonpolar polyethylene segments and a polar poly(n-butyl acrylate) backbone. The incompatibility was more pronounced in the solid state, exhibiting cylindrical nanoscale morphology as a result of microphase separation, as observed by atomic force microscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2736–2749, 2002
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structural control of poly methyl methacrylate g poly lactic acid graft copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization atrp
Macromolecules, 2001Co-Authors: Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiAbstract:Atom transfer radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and (meth)acrylate-terminated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Macromonomers was investigated. The relative reactivity of methacrylate-terminated Macromonomer (1/rMMA = 1.75) and acrylate-terminated Macromonomer (1/rMMA = 0.61) was close to that of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, respectively. The difference in reactivity in ATRP and conventional radical polymerization is discussed in terms of the diffusion control effect. A mixture of methacrylate-terminated Macromonomer and acrylate-terminated Macromonomer was copolymerized with MMA by ATRP to give a homogeneously branched PMMA-g-PLA graft copolymer with low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.15).
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hydrogels by atom transfer radical polymerization i poly n vinylpyrrolidinone g styrene via the Macromonomer method
Journal of Polymer Science Part A, 1998Co-Authors: Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Kathryn L Beers, Alison Kern, Scott G GaynorAbstract:Atom transfer radical polymerization has been used to prepare well-defined vinyl Macromonomers of polystyrene using vinyl chloroacetate as an initiator. Because styrene and vinyl chloroacetate do not copolymerize, no branching or incorporation of the initiator into the backbone was observed. Macromonomers of several molecular weights were prepared and copolymerized free radically with N-vinylpyrrolidinone in varying feed ratios in order to produce poly(NVP-g-Sty) graft copolymers. The Macromonomers used were of sufficiently high molecular weight to form physical crosslinks in solvents which favor the hydrophilic NVP, such as water, which prevent the copolymer from dissolving and cause it to swell. These materials, therefore, formed hydrogels of swellabilities in water exceeding 95%, depending on the amount of styrene that was incorporated into the copolymer. Limitations of and alternatives to this method are also discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 823–830, 1998
Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Yevgeniya Le, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 >> 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts increased with increase in monomer concentration, and only selected conditions produced narrow distributed polymer chains. The molecular weight of grafted polymer chains differs significantly to those formed in solution. The hydrodynamic thicknesses of the grafted polymer layers were fitted to the Daoud and Cotton model (DCM) for brush height on spherical surfaces. The results show that the size of the pendent groups on the polymer chains has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush for a given degree of polymerization. The new PEG-based surfaces show good protection against nonspecific protein adsorption from blood plasma compared to the bare surface. Protein adsorption decreased with increasing surface density of grafted polymer chains. Poly(MPEG750Am) brushes were more effective in preventing protein adsorption than poly(MPEG350Am) even at low graft densities, presumably due to the increase in PEG content in the grafted layer.
Rajesh K Kainthan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Yevgeniya Le, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 >> 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts increased with increase in monomer concentration, and only selected conditions produced narrow distributed polymer chains. The molecular weight of grafted polymer chains differs significantly to those formed in solution. The hydrodynamic thicknesses of the grafted polymer layers were fitted to the Daoud and Cotton model (DCM) for brush height on spherical surfaces. The results show that the size of the pendent groups on the polymer chains has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush for a given degree of polymerization. The new PEG-based surfaces show good protection against nonspecific protein adsorption from blood plasma compared to the bare surface. Protein adsorption decreased with increasing surface density of grafted polymer chains. Poly(MPEG750Am) brushes were more effective in preventing protein adsorption than poly(MPEG350Am) even at low graft densities, presumably due to the increase in PEG content in the grafted layer.
Johan Janzen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Yevgeniya Le, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 ≫ 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts ...
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poly oligo ethylene glycol acrylamide brushes by surface initiated polymerization effect of Macromonomer chain length on brush growth and protein adsorption from blood plasma
Langmuir, 2009Co-Authors: Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu, Johan Janzen, Rajesh K Kainthan, Donald E BrooksAbstract:Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide Macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG Macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 >> 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts increased with increase in monomer concentration, and only selected conditions produced narrow distributed polymer chains. The molecular weight of grafted polymer chains differs significantly to those formed in solution. The hydrodynamic thicknesses of the grafted polymer layers were fitted to the Daoud and Cotton model (DCM) for brush height on spherical surfaces. The results show that the size of the pendent groups on the polymer chains has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush for a given degree of polymerization. The new PEG-based surfaces show good protection against nonspecific protein adsorption from blood plasma compared to the bare surface. Protein adsorption decreased with increasing surface density of grafted polymer chains. Poly(MPEG750Am) brushes were more effective in preventing protein adsorption than poly(MPEG350Am) even at low graft densities, presumably due to the increase in PEG content in the grafted layer.