The Experts below are selected from a list of 156 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas M. Link - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Imaging of trabecular bone structure in osteoporosis.
European radiology, 1999Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Sharmila Majumdar, Stephan Grampp, Giuseppe Guglielmi, C. Van Kuijk, Herwig Imhof, C. Glueer, Judith E. AdamsAbstract:Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and a deterioration of bone structure which results in an increased fracture risk. Since the disease is preventable, diagnostic techniques are of major importance. Standard techniques determine bone mineral density, whereas some of the newer techniques focus on trabecular structure. This article reviews structure analysis techniques in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Imaging techniques applied to the assessment of trabecular bone structure include conventional Radiography, Magnification Radiography, high-resolution CT (HRCT) and high-resolution MR imaging (HRMRI). The best results were obtained using high-resolution tomographic techniques. The highest spatial resolutions in vivo were achieved using HRMRI. The most common texture analysis techniques that have been used are morphological parameters (analogous to bone histomorphometry). Fractal dimension, co-occurrence matrices, mathematical filter techniques and autocorrelation functions are more complex techniques. Most of the studies evaluating structure analysis show that texture parameters and bone mineral density both predict bone strength and osteoporotic fractures, and that combining both techniques yields the best results in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Review article Imaging of trabecular bone structure in osteoporosis
1999Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Sharmila Majumdar, Stephan Grampp, Giuseppe Guglielmi, C. Van Kuijk, Herwig Imhof, C. Glueer, Judith E. AdamsAbstract:Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and a de- terioration of bone structure which results in an in- creased fracture risk. Since the disease is preventable, diagnostic techniques are of major importance. Stan- dard techniques determine bone mineral density, whereas some of the newer techniques focus on tra- becular structure. This article reviews structure anal- ysis techniques in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Im- aging techniques applied to the assessment of trabec- ular bone structure include conventional radiogra- phy, Magnification Radiography, high-resolution CT (HRCT) and high-resolution MR imaging (HRMRI). The best results were obtained using high-resolution tomographic techniques. The highest spatial resolu- tions in vivo were achieved using HRMRI. The most common texture analysis techniques that have been used are morphological parameters (analogous to bone histomorphometry). Fractal dimension, co-oc- currence matrices, mathematical filter techniques and autocorrelation functions are more complex techniques. Most of the studies evaluating structure analysis show that texture parameters and bone min- eral density both predict bone strength and os- teoporotic fractures, and that combining both tech- niques yields the best results in the diagnosis of osteo- porosis.
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imaging of bone tumors evaluation of direct Magnification Radiography
Skeletal Radiology, 1996Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Axel Hillmann, Thomas Vestring, R Erlemann, A Gronefeld, M Haussler, A E Heppe, P E PetersAbstract:Objective. To evaluate the potentials of Magnification Radiography as compared with conventional Radiography in diagnosing bone tumors. Design and patients. Sixty-two patients with primary bone tumors and tumorlike lesions underwent Radiography with both conventional (non-magnified) and Magnification (fivefold) techniques. All radiographs were analyzed by four radiologists and the findings correlated with the histopathology findings. The microfocal X-ray unit used for Magnification Radiography had a focal spot size of 20–130 μm. Digital luminescence Radiography was employed with Magnification, while normal film-screen systems were used with conventional Radiography. Results. The diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions as well as the individual tumor diagnosis were determined with higher accuracy using Magnification compared with conventional Radiography (88% vs 75% and 71% vs 52%, p<0.01). Margins of destruction, periosteal reactions and matrix patterns were evaluated with higher certainty by all of the radiologists (p<0.01). Conclusion. Magnification Radiography may improve the evaluation and diagnosis of bone tumors.
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Intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and direct Magnification Radiography for in vitro evaluation of peripheral artery morphology and dimensions
European Journal of Ultrasound, 1996Co-Authors: Sebastian Kerber, Thomas M. Link, Peter E. Peters, C. Fechtrup, Kleinen T, N. Meier, Sebastian Blasius, G. Bongartz, G. BreithardtAbstract:Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to validate five imaging modalities (12.5- and 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography, spin- and gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging) for their potential to depict peripheral vessel wall calcifications, to estimate calcified plaque area and to measure luminal areas using direct Magnification Radiography as a reference. Methods: Forty-three postmortem, human iliac segments were consecutively examined by intravascular ultrasound (12.5- and 20-MHz mechanical system), computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In each specimen, the presence of calcified regions was assessed by independent observers. Luminal area and plaque area were quantitatively estimated. All specimens were finally examined using direct Magnification Radiography as a reference. Results: The sensitivity was 73% using a 20-MHz probe for the identification of calcification (vs. 59% with a 12.5-MHz transducer), specificity was 97% (with 12.5-MHz 96%). Positive predictive value with 20-MHz was 90% (with 12.5-MHz 91%); negative predictive value was 87% (81% with 12.5-MHz) and accuracy 87% with 20-MHz and 84% with 12.5-MHz. With magnetic resonance imaging, the sensitivity of the gradient-echo technique to identify calcified areas was 94% (vs. 75% with the spin-echo technique) and specificity was 86% (vs. 93% with spin-echo technique). Computed tomography reached a sensitivity level of 88%, specificity was 88%. No significant difference was found for luminal area estimated by 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound and direct Magnification Radiography. Computed tomography, spin-echo MR and gradient-echo MR were significantly different from reference measurement (p < 0.005). Plaque area estimated by direct Magnification was 8.3 ± 6.5 mm2 (mean and standard deviation); computed tomography, spin-echo MR and gradient-echo MR showed significant overestimation (p < 0.008) in comparison to the reference. The correct identification of regional vessel wall calcifications by intravascular ultrasound strongly depended on both morphology and plaque thickness. Conclusion: In an in vitro setting, intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography and MR imaging of peripheral vessel wall calcifications may lead to misinterpretation.
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In vitro validation of intravascular ultrasound, computerized and magnetic resonance tomography in diagnosis of atherosclerotic vascular segments in comparison with direct Magnification Radiography
Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 1995Co-Authors: Sebastian Kerber, Thomas M. Link, A. Fahrenkamp, Kleinen T, N. Meier, G. Bongartz, Martinez-rubio A, Michael Block, G. BreithardtAbstract:The depiction of atherosclerotic vessel abnormalities is a prerequisite for percutaneous interventional therapy and long-term observations of peripheral artery disease. The aim of this in-vitro study was to determine the potentials and limitations of 12.5 and 20 MHz intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in comparison to direct Magnification Radiography for the localization and quantification of peripheral vessel wall calcifications. Forty-three postmortem, human iliac segments were examined by intravascular ultrasound (12.5 and 20 MHz), computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography (gradient echo-and spin echo-technique). For comparative analysis, each segment was divided into eight sectors of 45 degrees each; using all five methods, the presence of calcified wall areas was examined in each sector, and luminal area (42 segments) and plaque area (32 isolated plaques) were quantitatively estimated. In the sonograms, the circumferential extension of the boundary between intima and media was measured. 122 of 344 sectors showed regional vessel wall calcifications. Sensitivity of 20 MHz intravascular ultrasound was 73 % versus 59 % with the 12.5 probe, specificity was 97 % with 20 MHz, 96 % with 12.5 MHz. Sensitivity of both 12.5 and 20 MHz intravascular ultrasound was higher with increased thickness of the calcified structures. 20 MHz ultrasound identified the intima-media boundary averaging 146.8 degrees of the vessel circumference; the corresponding value of 131.8 degree. with 12.5 MHz did not differ significantly. Computed tomography detected calcifications with a sensitivity of 88 %, specificity was 88 %. With MR imaging, sensitivity of the gradient echo-technique was 94 % versus a sensitivity of 86 % with spin echo-technique. Quantification of luminal and plaque areas showed that luminal area was precisely estimated only by 20 MHz ultrasound (no significant difference to direct Magnification Radiography), whereas all other techniques showed significant overestimation. Plaque areas were markedly overestimated by computed tomography and MR imaging, too. In an in vitro set-up, intravascular ultrasound, MR tomography and computed tomography do not allow an authentic depiction of peripheral vessel wall architecture. Limited resolution, subintimal shadowing and distortion are the main limitations of these new techniques so that details of regional vessel wall calcifications cannot be presented thoroughly. Relevant overestimation of luminal and plaque areas must be considered.
Eckhardt Grabbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Storage phosphor direct Magnification mammography in comparison with conventional screen-film mammography--a phantom study.
The British journal of radiology, 1998Co-Authors: Matthias Funke, J. W. Oestmann, N. Breiter, Klaus-peter Hermann, Eckhardt GrabbeAbstract:Contact mammography with current photostimulable storage phosphors is hampered by its low spatial resolution. Detail visualization can be improved by geometric Magnification Radiography which enlarges small details to exceed inherent image noise. This study compares storage phosphor mammography using a dedicated direct Magnification system with state-of-the-art conventional screen-film mammography. Storage phosphor direct Magnification survey views (1.7x) and spot views (4x) were obtained with a prototype mammography unit providing focal spot sizes of 120-40 microns. Conventional technique screen-film survey views (1.1x) and spot views (1.8x) served as comparison. A contrast detail study and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using an anthropomorphic breast phantom with superimposed microcalcifications was performed. Contrast detail resolution in the digital and conventional survey views were equivalent. For the spot views, contrast detail resolution was significantly higher with the digit...
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Digital Mammography / IWDM - Direct Magnification Radiography of the Breast in Combination with Computed Radiography: First Clinical Results
Computational Imaging and Vision, 1998Co-Authors: C. Hundertmark, Matthias Funke, Klaus-peter Hermann, Norbert Breitner, Monika Wiese Cand, Eckhardt GrabbeAbstract:Present day mammography can only make limited use of the advantages offered by digital Radiography because of its limited spatial resolution, especially when using storage phosphor systems. Due to the structure of the phosphor plate and light scattering within the phosphor during plate reading process, the attained resolution is currently limited to approximately 4 or 5 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) compared to 15 to 20 lp/mm in conventional screen-film mammography. These present requirements make the development of a digital mammographic system difficult. The advantages of digital Radiography, such as image display, post-processing, archiving and image transfer have promoted the development of digital imaging techniques in mammography. Image post-processing is of special importance because it allows the workup of areas of interest, such as microcalcifications, masses, or dense parenchymal structures without additional radiation exposure to the patient.
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Ein neues Präparatradiographiegerät mit maximal 20facher Vergrößerung für die Mammadiagnostik
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 1998Co-Authors: J D Moritz, J. W. Oestmann, Matthias Funke, N. Breiter, J P Westerhof, Eckhardt GrabbeAbstract:PURPOSE A Radiography system specially developed for specimen Radiography and allowing maximal 20-fold Magnification is presented. The efficiency of the system was tested and compared with that of conventional Magnification mammography systems. METHODS 23 surgical and 90 core biopsies of the breast were examined for detection of microcalcifications. As criteria the number of identifiable calcifications, their shape and configuration as well as tissue contrast were chosen. RESULTS The new technique detected about 400% more microcalcifications, 200% more core and 50% more surgical biopsies containing calcifications. Thus, in a few cases, additional core biopsies were unnecessary. Moreover, this new system yielded additional information for the pathologist and surgeon concerning the exact localisation of suspicious lesions that facilitated working up specimens, or indicated additional surgical removal in special cases. CONCLUSIONS By identification of malignant lesions not detectable with conventional Magnification Radiography systems, as well as a more exact localisation of suspicious lesions, false negative results may be reduced.
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Direct radiographic Magnification mammography with a new microfocus tube. Experimental studies of resolution and radiation exposure
Der Radiologe, 1997Co-Authors: Karin Post, Matthias Funke, N. Breiter, Klaus-peter Hermann, C. Hundertmark, Eckhardt GrabbeAbstract:A recently developed X-ray unit for mammography using microfocal (spot size 0.12– 0.05 mm) direct Magnification Radiography will soon be introduced into clinical practice. Unit arrangement and tube construction have been demonstrated. Mean surface dose was measured using PMMA-phantoms. A dose reduction of up to 50 %was obtained in 1.7-fold Magnification mammography (full sized views) compared with conventional techniques. The image quality was almost equivalent. However, in comparison with 1,7-fold Magnification mammography, a comparable dose range for 4-fold Magnifications with the microfocus system was measured with a substantial gain in spatial resolution. These findings satisfy the demands of a modern mammographic unit.
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A comparison of conventional mammographic Magnification, ultra high Magnification and industrial Magnification Radiography in the radiographic detection of microcalcifications within core biopsies of the breast
The British journal of radiology, 1997Co-Authors: J D Moritz, J. W. Oestmann, Susanne Luftner-nagel, J P Westerhof, Eckhardt GrabbeAbstract:The objective was to compare conventional Magnification Radiography (CMR), ultra high Magnification Radiography (UHMR) and industrial Magnification Radiography (IMR) in the detection of microcalcifications in breast core biopsies. 440 core biopsies were examined in 1.8-fold CMR and in 7-fold UHMR using a prototype unit. A subgroup of 59 core biopsies were also examined in 10-fold IMR. Number, size, and demarcation of microcalcifications, as well as tissue contrast, were evaluated. Only 67% of the microcalcifications seen with UHMR were detected by CMR and 78% of the core biopsies showing calcifications in UHMR were calcified in CMR. Only 38% and 58% of microcalcifications verified by IMR were identified by CMR and UHMR, respectively. 47% and 63% of the core biopsies showing calcifications in IMR were calcified in CMR and UHMR, respectively. Tissue contrast of IMR was superior to both other modalities. On the other hand, increased cost and time will probably prohibit the use of IMR for specimen Radiography in routine clinical examinations. In conclusion, UHMR identifies substantially more core biopsies with microcalcifications than CMR, thus potentially reducing the number of core biopsies needed for histological analysis. IMR allowed the detection of approximately 50%/160% more microcalcifications than UHMR/CMR, thus rendering it the reference mode.
Peter E. Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and direct Magnification Radiography for in vitro evaluation of peripheral artery morphology and dimensions
European Journal of Ultrasound, 1996Co-Authors: Sebastian Kerber, Thomas M. Link, Peter E. Peters, C. Fechtrup, Kleinen T, N. Meier, Sebastian Blasius, G. Bongartz, G. BreithardtAbstract:Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to validate five imaging modalities (12.5- and 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography, spin- and gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging) for their potential to depict peripheral vessel wall calcifications, to estimate calcified plaque area and to measure luminal areas using direct Magnification Radiography as a reference. Methods: Forty-three postmortem, human iliac segments were consecutively examined by intravascular ultrasound (12.5- and 20-MHz mechanical system), computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In each specimen, the presence of calcified regions was assessed by independent observers. Luminal area and plaque area were quantitatively estimated. All specimens were finally examined using direct Magnification Radiography as a reference. Results: The sensitivity was 73% using a 20-MHz probe for the identification of calcification (vs. 59% with a 12.5-MHz transducer), specificity was 97% (with 12.5-MHz 96%). Positive predictive value with 20-MHz was 90% (with 12.5-MHz 91%); negative predictive value was 87% (81% with 12.5-MHz) and accuracy 87% with 20-MHz and 84% with 12.5-MHz. With magnetic resonance imaging, the sensitivity of the gradient-echo technique to identify calcified areas was 94% (vs. 75% with the spin-echo technique) and specificity was 86% (vs. 93% with spin-echo technique). Computed tomography reached a sensitivity level of 88%, specificity was 88%. No significant difference was found for luminal area estimated by 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound and direct Magnification Radiography. Computed tomography, spin-echo MR and gradient-echo MR were significantly different from reference measurement (p < 0.005). Plaque area estimated by direct Magnification was 8.3 ± 6.5 mm2 (mean and standard deviation); computed tomography, spin-echo MR and gradient-echo MR showed significant overestimation (p < 0.008) in comparison to the reference. The correct identification of regional vessel wall calcifications by intravascular ultrasound strongly depended on both morphology and plaque thickness. Conclusion: In an in vitro setting, intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography and MR imaging of peripheral vessel wall calcifications may lead to misinterpretation.
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In vitro correlation of intravascular ultrasound and direct Magnification Radiography for calcified arterial lesions.
Investigative radiology, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Sebastian Kerber, Krings W, Pöppelmann M, G. Breithardt, Kleinen T, Sebastian Blasius, Peter E. PetersAbstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an adjunct to contrast angiography that gives additional information concerning the morphology of the vascular wall. The authors examined the accuracy of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in the evaluation of calcified lesions within the abdominal aorta and the iliac artery. METHODS Forty-nine human specimens (iliac artery, 26; abdominal aorta, 23) were examined using a 20-MHz 6.0-F ultrasound catheter, followed by Magnification Radiography of the same specimens using a newly developed microfocus x-ray tube. Magnification radiographs and ultrasound images were divided into identical sectors to analyze the morphology of calcified arteriosclerotic lesions. RESULTS A total of 644 sectors was analyzed. Sensitivity of intravascular sonography was 70%, specificity 53%. Sensitivity strongly depended on the morphology of the calcified lesions. CONCLUSION The detection of calcified arteriosclerotic lesions by means of IVUS revealed a sensitivity of 70% in an in vitro study using human specimens. However, the specificity of IVUS was only 53%, which is basically a random chance occurrence.
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Value of direct radiographic enlargement (DIMA) in early detection of rheumatic inflammatory lesions. Comparative evaluation with high resolution conventional imaging technique
Der Radiologe, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Gaubitz M, Schneider M, Vestring T, Martin Fiebich, Krause F, Peter E. PetersAbstract:Rheumatological joint disorders were examined with mammographic film-screen combinations and high-definition microfocal Magnification Radiography. Our objective was to evaluate the potentials of Magnification Radiography in diagnosing arthritis by means of interobserver and ROC analysis. The microfocal X-ray unit had a spot size of 20-130 microns; 5-fold Magnification was performed. Digital luminescence Radiography was employed; digital image processing included simulation of conventional technique and edge enhancement. Eighty radiographs were obtained with conventional and Magnification technique. All films were analyzed by five readers. Anatomical and pathological structures were evaluated. The percentage of uncertain findings in Magnification Radiography was lower compared to conventional radiographs (14% to 26%); in 8% (compared to 19%) the diagnosis of erosions was uncertain. Additionally ROC analysis was carried out. Magnification Radiography was significantly (p < 0.03) better than the conventional films.
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Wertigkeit des intravaskulären Ultraschalls bei arteriosklerotischen verkalkten Intimaplaques - In-vitro-Vergleich von 20- und 12,5-MHz-Transducern
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, C. Fechtrup, Pöppelmann M, Thomas Budde, Kleinen T, Sebastian Blasius, S. Kerber, Günter Breithardt, Peter E. PetersAbstract:The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in vessel wall calcifications and to compare the accuracy of mechanical 12.5 and 20 MHz transducers. Fourty-three sections of 10 vessels with signs of arteriosclerotic disease on pathologic examination were examined. Slices 500 microns thick were obtained and examined radiographically at 9 fold Magnification. In each section, identical segments were defined, amounting to a total of 344 segments. The IVUS sections were analyzed by 3 experienced readers. For statistical evaluation ROC analysis was performed using Magnification Radiography as a reference. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 was obtained for the 12.5 transducer and of 0.83 for the 20 MHz transducer. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined. Sensitivity depended on the morphology, size, and density of the calcified lesions. We therefore conclude that the sensitivity of intravascular ultrasound concerning calcified arteriosclerotic plaques is limited and that there is no significant (p < 0.01) difference between mechanical 20 and 12.5 MHz transducers in examining iliac arteries.
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Clinical use of Magnification Radiography in rheumatologic differential diagnosis
Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 1993Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Gaubitz M, Horst Lenzen, Müller-miny H, Schneider M, Peter E. PetersAbstract:Rheumatologic joint disorders were examined with high-definition microfocal Magnification Radiography. The Magnification technique was compared to conventional radiographs (mammographic film-screen combinations). The microfocal x-ray unit had a spot size of 20-130 microns. Fourty patients with early arthritis (history of less than 18 months) were examined; x5 Magnification was used. Digital luminescence Radiography was employed to minimize radiation dose. Digital image processing included simulation of conventional technique and edge enhancement. Magnification radiographs and conventional technique were evaluated. In 20/40 patients articular lesions were detected. Magnification Radiography gave additional information in 14/20 patients: in 5/14 patients lesions were seen only with Magnification Radiography (erosions n = 3, loss of the cortical white line n = 2), in 9/14 patients the extent of the lesions could be evaluated better. Hence, Magnification Radiography proved a valuable mean in early diagnosing and evaluating rheumatic disease.
Winfried Winkelmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computed direct Magnification Radiography of bone tumors.
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2001Co-Authors: Axel Hillmann, Thomas Mark Link, Toshifumi Ozaki, Vestring T, Winfried WinkelmannAbstract:The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of computed direct Magnification Radiography in diagnosing bone tumors as compared with conventional Radiography. Ninety-one patients with primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were radiographed with conventional and Magnification techniques. All radiographs were analyzed by one orthopedic surgeon and two radiologists and the findings were correlated with histopathology. Two microfocal X-ray units were used for computed direct Magnification Radiography with a focal spot size of 20–130 μm. Using Magnification versus conventional Radiography, the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions as well as the individual tumor diagnosis was obtained with higher accuracy (85% versus 71% and 69% versus 51%, respectively, P < 0.01). Margins of destruction, periosteal reactions, and matrix patterns were evaluated with higher accuracy by all observers (P < 0.01). We conclude that computed direct Magnification Radiography may improve evaluation and diagnosis of bone tumors.
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Computed direct Magnification Radiography of bone tumors
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2001Co-Authors: Axel Hillmann, Thomas Mark Link, Toshifumi Ozaki, Thomas Vestring, Winfried WinkelmannAbstract:The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of computed direct Magnification Radiography in diagnosing bone tumors as compared with conventional Radiography. Ninety-one patients with primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were radiographed with conventional and Magnification techniques. All radiographs were analyzed by one orthopedic surgeon and two radiologists and the findings were correlated with histopathology. Two microfocal X-ray units were used for computed direct Magnification Radiography with a focal spot size of 20–130 μm. Using Magnification versus conventional Radiography, the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions as well as the individual tumor diagnosis was obtained with higher accuracy (85% versus 71% and 69% versus 51%, respectively, P
Judith E. Adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Imaging of trabecular bone structure in osteoporosis.
European radiology, 1999Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Sharmila Majumdar, Stephan Grampp, Giuseppe Guglielmi, C. Van Kuijk, Herwig Imhof, C. Glueer, Judith E. AdamsAbstract:Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and a deterioration of bone structure which results in an increased fracture risk. Since the disease is preventable, diagnostic techniques are of major importance. Standard techniques determine bone mineral density, whereas some of the newer techniques focus on trabecular structure. This article reviews structure analysis techniques in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Imaging techniques applied to the assessment of trabecular bone structure include conventional Radiography, Magnification Radiography, high-resolution CT (HRCT) and high-resolution MR imaging (HRMRI). The best results were obtained using high-resolution tomographic techniques. The highest spatial resolutions in vivo were achieved using HRMRI. The most common texture analysis techniques that have been used are morphological parameters (analogous to bone histomorphometry). Fractal dimension, co-occurrence matrices, mathematical filter techniques and autocorrelation functions are more complex techniques. Most of the studies evaluating structure analysis show that texture parameters and bone mineral density both predict bone strength and osteoporotic fractures, and that combining both techniques yields the best results in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Review article Imaging of trabecular bone structure in osteoporosis
1999Co-Authors: Thomas M. Link, Sharmila Majumdar, Stephan Grampp, Giuseppe Guglielmi, C. Van Kuijk, Herwig Imhof, C. Glueer, Judith E. AdamsAbstract:Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and a de- terioration of bone structure which results in an in- creased fracture risk. Since the disease is preventable, diagnostic techniques are of major importance. Stan- dard techniques determine bone mineral density, whereas some of the newer techniques focus on tra- becular structure. This article reviews structure anal- ysis techniques in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Im- aging techniques applied to the assessment of trabec- ular bone structure include conventional radiogra- phy, Magnification Radiography, high-resolution CT (HRCT) and high-resolution MR imaging (HRMRI). The best results were obtained using high-resolution tomographic techniques. The highest spatial resolu- tions in vivo were achieved using HRMRI. The most common texture analysis techniques that have been used are morphological parameters (analogous to bone histomorphometry). Fractal dimension, co-oc- currence matrices, mathematical filter techniques and autocorrelation functions are more complex techniques. Most of the studies evaluating structure analysis show that texture parameters and bone min- eral density both predict bone strength and os- teoporotic fractures, and that combining both tech- niques yields the best results in the diagnosis of osteo- porosis.