Mainstreaming

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Christine Wamsler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mainstreaming climate adaptation taking stock about what works from empirical research worldwide
    Regional Environmental Change, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hens Runhaar, Bettina Wilk, Asa Persson, Caroline Uittenbroek, Christine Wamsler
    Abstract:

    Adaptation to a changing climate is unavoidable. Mainstreaming climate adaptation objectives into existing policies, as opposed to developing dedicated adaptation policy, is widely advocated for public action. However, knowledge on what makes Mainstreaming effective is scarce and fragmented. Against this background, this paper takes stock of peer-reviewed empirical analyses of climate adaptation Mainstreaming, in order to assess current achievements and identify the critical factors that render Mainstreaming effective. The results show that although in most cases adaptation policy outputs are identified, only in a minority of cases this translates into policy outcomes. This “implementation gap” is most strongly seen in developing countries. However, when it comes to the effectiveness of outcomes, we found no difference across countries. We conclude that more explicit definitions and unified frameworks for adaptation Mainstreaming research are required to allow for future research syntheses and well-informed policy recommendations.

  • making headway in climate policy Mainstreaming and ecosystem based adaptation two pioneering countries different pathways one goal
    Climatic Change, 2016
    Co-Authors: Christine Wamsler, Stephan Pauleit
    Abstract:

    Ecosystem-based adaptation (i.e. the use of ecosystem services to adapt to climate change) and its Mainstreaming into municipal planning to foster sustainable transformation is receiving increasing interest from both academic and governmental bodies. However, little is known about the pathways for its systematic implementation, or the extent to which it is already mainstreamed in municipal planning practice. This article reports on a study in which local pathways to sustainably mainstream ecosystem-based adaptation were compared in 12 municipalities in Germany and Sweden. The results show that while progress is seemingly similar in the two countries, there are noticeable differences regarding the local triggers, the importance given to particular Mainstreaming strategies and their link to climate policy integration. Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation are not labelled or systematised in either country. In addition, the Mainstreaming of ecosystem-based adaptation is enabled through municipalities’ level of experience in Mainstreaming other issues. In Sweden, the ecosystem service concept drives adaptation Mainstreaming, which is often disconnected from the integration of climate mitigation policy. In contrast, German structures and planning processes established for climate change mitigation are paving the way. We conclude that systematic adaptation Mainstreaming and its potential linkages and disconnects with climate mitigation policy integration require more explicit consideration, both in research and practice. We call for more research on the role of inclusive (as opposed to fragmented) climate policy integration to assure sustainable planning and transformation.

  • Mainstreaming ecosystem based adaptation transformation toward sustainability in urban governance and planning
    Ecology and Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Christine Wamsler
    Abstract:

    The concept of ecosystem-based adaptation is advocated at international, national, and regional levels. The concept is thought to foster sustainability transitions and is receiving increasing interest from academic and governmental bodies alike. However, there is little theory regarding the pathways for its systematic implementation. It furthermore remains unclear to what degree the concept is already applied in urban planning practice, how it is integrated into existing planning structures and processes, and what drivers exist for further integration. Against this background, this study examines potential ways to sustainably mainstream ecosystem- based adaptation into urban planning. Eight municipalities in Southern Germany were investigated to analyze the processes of Mainstreaming ecosystem-based adaptation into current planning practice. Although the Mainstreaming entry points for ecosystem- based adaptation were identified to be appreciably different, the results of the study show how Mainstreaming has generally led to patterns of change in: (1) on-the-ground measures, (2) organizational structures and assets, (3) formal and informal policies and instruments, (4) external cooperation and networking, and (5) the general working language. In all these areas, ecosystem-based adaptation to heat and flood risk is highly compartmentalized. Furthermore, although scholars have drawn attention to the risk of "Mainstreaming overload," the results suggest that at the local level, the integration of ecosystem-based adaptation is strongly driven by departments' experience in Mainstreaming other cross-cutting issues, namely environmental planning, climate change mitigation, and disaster risk management. Based on the findings, ways to leverage sustainability transitions via Mainstreaming are discussed. It is concluded that systematic Mainstreaming is a promising avenue for initiating and promoting local transitions and transformative adaptation. The study demonstrates the applicability of the presented Mainstreaming framework for assessing and driving the Mainstreaming capacity of local governments, thus also addressing the lack of related indicators highlighted in the Fifth Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

  • local levers for change Mainstreaming ecosystem based adaptation into municipal planning to foster sustainability transitions
    Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 2014
    Co-Authors: Christine Wamsler, Christopher Luederitz, Ebba Brink
    Abstract:

    A B S T R A C T Unprecedented global challenges demand wide-reaching societal modification to ensure life support functions and human well-being. In the absence of adequate international responses to climate change and the need for place-based adaptation, local governments have a pivotal role in fostering sustainability transitions. In this context, the importance of ecosystem-based adaptation is increasingly recognized as a multi-benefit approach that utilizes ecosystem services to harmonize human-environment systems. Although research advocates the Mainstreaming of ecosystem-based adaptation to advance sustainable planning, the pathways for its systematic implementation are missing and it remains unclear how local authorities can best integrate this new approach into their core work. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge of the potential ways to mainstream ecosystem-based adaptation into municipal planning. We investigate four coastal municipalities in southern Sweden (Malmo ¨ , Helsingborg, Lomma and Kristianstad) and examine, based on vertical and horizontal integration processes, the key characteristics of existing Mainstreaming strategies. Results show that, although ecosystem service planning and climate change adaptation planning together establish the conceptual foundation for ecosystem-based adaptation, related activities are often implemented separately and are rarely comprehensive. We illustrate how combined Mainstreaming strategies can reinforce and complement each other and how strong leadership in the integration of processes has the ability to compensate for a lack of guidance or supporting legislation from higher decision-making levels. Finally, we conclude that systemic Mainstreaming of sustainability issues is a promising avenue for initiating and promoting sustainability transitions and has the potential to address the criticism that other Mainstreaming topics have faced. On this basis, we specify the core characteristics necessary to ensure its effective and meaningful application.

Hens Runhaar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mainstreaming climate adaptation taking stock about what works from empirical research worldwide
    Regional Environmental Change, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hens Runhaar, Bettina Wilk, Asa Persson, Caroline Uittenbroek, Christine Wamsler
    Abstract:

    Adaptation to a changing climate is unavoidable. Mainstreaming climate adaptation objectives into existing policies, as opposed to developing dedicated adaptation policy, is widely advocated for public action. However, knowledge on what makes Mainstreaming effective is scarce and fragmented. Against this background, this paper takes stock of peer-reviewed empirical analyses of climate adaptation Mainstreaming, in order to assess current achievements and identify the critical factors that render Mainstreaming effective. The results show that although in most cases adaptation policy outputs are identified, only in a minority of cases this translates into policy outcomes. This “implementation gap” is most strongly seen in developing countries. However, when it comes to the effectiveness of outcomes, we found no difference across countries. We conclude that more explicit definitions and unified frameworks for adaptation Mainstreaming research are required to allow for future research syntheses and well-informed policy recommendations.

Cinnamon Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • gender Mainstreaming in the european union towards a new conception and practice of equal opportunities
    European Journal of Women's Studies, 2002
    Co-Authors: Christine Booth, Cinnamon Bennett
    Abstract:

    This article aims to make a contribution to the conceptualization of Mainstreaming gender equality promoted by the European Union. It starts by exploring the historical periodization of equal opportunities delivery strategies and challenging the compartmentalization of these developments. It suggests that equality policies can better be conceptualized in terms of a `three-legged equality stool', which recognizes the interconnectiveness of three perspectives — the equal treatment perspective, the women's perspective and the gender perspective. The article argues that the gender perspective has been closely associated with strategies for Mainstreaming gender equality, but that this association is misleading. As a result Mainstreaming has remained a `fuzzy' concept, which in turn has led to many different styles and forms of practical implementation in European member states.

Caroline J. Uittenbroek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • From Policy Document to Implementation: Organizational Routines as Possible Barriers to Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation
    Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2015
    Co-Authors: Caroline J. Uittenbroek
    Abstract:

    AbstractThis paper aims to understand the role of organizational routines as possible barriers to the Mainstreaming of climate adaptation at the implementation stage. While the Mainstreaming of climate adaptation into policy documents is relatively easy, the implementation of these policies seems to be more problematic. Barriers to climate adaptation often occur during this stage as the implementation of the policies is generally undertaken by other actors than the policy-makers. These actors act based on organizational routines. As organizational routines aim to provide stability, they tend to be reaffirmative. Reorganizing the resources and practices of these actors to initiate Mainstreaming then proves difficult. Consequently, the routines could prevent change that might be necessary to address new policy objectives such as climate adaptation. An analytical framework consisting of four self-reinforcing mechanisms is used to understand and explain why and how organizational routines can hamper the mains...

  • Mainstreaming climate adaptation into urban planning: Overcoming barriers, seizing opportunities and evaluating the results in two Dutch case studies
    Regional Environmental Change, 2013
    Co-Authors: Caroline J. Uittenbroek, Leonie B. Janssen-jansen, Hens A.c. Runhaar
    Abstract:

    With cities facing climate change, climate adaptation is necessary to reduce risks such as heat stress and flooding and maintain the goals of sustainable urban development. In climate change literature, the focus has been on developing a new dedicated policy domain for climate adaptation. Yet, empirical evidence shows that in practice actors are searching for solutions that not only serve climate adaptation, but integrate the adaptation objective in existing policy domains (e.g., urban planning, water management, public health). The integration of adaptation in other policy domains, also called "Mainstreaming climate adaptation," can stimulate the effectiveness of policy making through combining objectives, increase efficient use of human and financial resources and ensure long-term sustainable investments. A better understanding of the process of Mainstreaming is, however, lacking. The article introduces a conceptual model for Mainstreaming climate adaptation to enhance our understanding of the concept as well as the barriers and opportunities that influence these integration processes and to explore strategies for overcoming barriers and creating opportunities. Two Dutch case studies-related to urban planning-are used to illustrate the value of the model. The cases demonstrate the dynamic process of Mainstreaming and raise discussion of the appropriate criteria for evaluating Mainstreaming in relation to the aims of climate adaptation. The paper concludes with an exploration of specific strategies to facilitate the Mainstreaming of adaptation in existing and new policy domains.

Hens A.c. Runhaar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mainstreaming climate adaptation into urban planning: Overcoming barriers, seizing opportunities and evaluating the results in two Dutch case studies
    Regional Environmental Change, 2013
    Co-Authors: Caroline J. Uittenbroek, Leonie B. Janssen-jansen, Hens A.c. Runhaar
    Abstract:

    With cities facing climate change, climate adaptation is necessary to reduce risks such as heat stress and flooding and maintain the goals of sustainable urban development. In climate change literature, the focus has been on developing a new dedicated policy domain for climate adaptation. Yet, empirical evidence shows that in practice actors are searching for solutions that not only serve climate adaptation, but integrate the adaptation objective in existing policy domains (e.g., urban planning, water management, public health). The integration of adaptation in other policy domains, also called "Mainstreaming climate adaptation," can stimulate the effectiveness of policy making through combining objectives, increase efficient use of human and financial resources and ensure long-term sustainable investments. A better understanding of the process of Mainstreaming is, however, lacking. The article introduces a conceptual model for Mainstreaming climate adaptation to enhance our understanding of the concept as well as the barriers and opportunities that influence these integration processes and to explore strategies for overcoming barriers and creating opportunities. Two Dutch case studies-related to urban planning-are used to illustrate the value of the model. The cases demonstrate the dynamic process of Mainstreaming and raise discussion of the appropriate criteria for evaluating Mainstreaming in relation to the aims of climate adaptation. The paper concludes with an exploration of specific strategies to facilitate the Mainstreaming of adaptation in existing and new policy domains.