The Experts below are selected from a list of 26460 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D A Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a worst case methodology for obtaining a rough but rapid indication of the societal risk from a Major Accident hazard installation
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2002Co-Authors: I L Hirst, D A CarterAbstract:Abstract This paper describes a methodology developed to provide a rough but rapid indication of the magnitude of the societal risks at and in the vicinity of a Major Accident hazard installation. It is intended to be used by the UK Health & Safety Executive (HSE) as a first screening tool when examining safety reports submitted under The Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations 1999. These are the Regulations which implement in the UK the Major aspects of Council Directive 96/82/EC, the “Seveso II” Directive. Within the methodology a new weighted risk integral parameter is defined, suitable for comparison with criteria, and its value calculated. The paper includes examples to illustrate the use of the methodology.
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a worst case methodology for risk assessment of Major Accident installations
Process Safety Progress, 2000Co-Authors: I L Hirst, D A CarterAbstract:This paper considers the application of one of the weighted risk indicators used by the Major Hazards Assessment Unit (MHAU) of the United Kingdom's Health & Safety Executive (HSE) in formulating advice to local planning authorities on the siting of new Major Accident hazard installations. In such cases the initial consideration is to be assured that the proposed installation would not be incompatible with existing land uses in the vicinity, as determined by the categorization of the existing populations and the estimated levels of individual risk which the proposed installation would impose upon them. An analysis of the consequences and likelihood of a single “worst case” event, coupled with MHAU's “Risk Integral,” is then undertaken. This enables the societal risk aspects of the proposal to be considered at an early stage and, in many cases, allows a prompt response. The paper describes the methodology and includes several case studies based on MHAU's day to day work which illustrate its use.
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worst case methodology for the initial assessment of societal risk from proposed Major Accident installations
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000Co-Authors: D A Carter, I L HirstAbstract:Abstract This paper considers the application of one of the weighted risk indicators used by the Major Hazards Assessment Unit (MHAU) of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in formulating advice to local planning authorities on the siting of new Major Accident hazard installations. In such cases the primary consideration is to ensure that the proposed installation would not be incompatible with existing developments in the vicinity, as identified by the categorisation of the existing developments and the estimation of individual risk values at those developments. In addition a simple methodology, described here, based on MHAU's “Risk Integral” and a single “worst case” even analysis, is used to enable the societal risk aspects of the hazardous installation to be considered at an early stage of the proposal, and to determine the degree of analysis that will be necessary to enable HSE to give appropriate advice.
I L Hirst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Appropriate Risk Assessment Methods for Major Accident Establishments
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2008Co-Authors: David A. Carter, I L Hirst, T.e. Maddison, S.r. PorterAbstract:Risk assessment is a necessary step in the management of risk. In the UK the general legislation requires duty holders to reduce risks to as low as is reasonably practicable (ALARP) and conduct a suitable and sufficient risk assessment for the purpose of identifying the measures to take to comply with the relevant statutory provisions. Risk assessment has a particularly important role where Major Accidents are possible and describing conformity with standards is not sufficient to demonstrate that all necessary measures have been taken. This paper is an attempt to clarify the important role of risk assessment and the various techniques available, particularly where the use of fully quantified risk assessment would not be proportionate to the scale of hazards and risks.
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a worst case methodology for obtaining a rough but rapid indication of the societal risk from a Major Accident hazard installation
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2002Co-Authors: I L Hirst, D A CarterAbstract:Abstract This paper describes a methodology developed to provide a rough but rapid indication of the magnitude of the societal risks at and in the vicinity of a Major Accident hazard installation. It is intended to be used by the UK Health & Safety Executive (HSE) as a first screening tool when examining safety reports submitted under The Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations 1999. These are the Regulations which implement in the UK the Major aspects of Council Directive 96/82/EC, the “Seveso II” Directive. Within the methodology a new weighted risk integral parameter is defined, suitable for comparison with criteria, and its value calculated. The paper includes examples to illustrate the use of the methodology.
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a worst case methodology for risk assessment of Major Accident installations
Process Safety Progress, 2000Co-Authors: I L Hirst, D A CarterAbstract:This paper considers the application of one of the weighted risk indicators used by the Major Hazards Assessment Unit (MHAU) of the United Kingdom's Health & Safety Executive (HSE) in formulating advice to local planning authorities on the siting of new Major Accident hazard installations. In such cases the initial consideration is to be assured that the proposed installation would not be incompatible with existing land uses in the vicinity, as determined by the categorization of the existing populations and the estimated levels of individual risk which the proposed installation would impose upon them. An analysis of the consequences and likelihood of a single “worst case” event, coupled with MHAU's “Risk Integral,” is then undertaken. This enables the societal risk aspects of the proposal to be considered at an early stage and, in many cases, allows a prompt response. The paper describes the methodology and includes several case studies based on MHAU's day to day work which illustrate its use.
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worst case methodology for the initial assessment of societal risk from proposed Major Accident installations
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000Co-Authors: D A Carter, I L HirstAbstract:Abstract This paper considers the application of one of the weighted risk indicators used by the Major Hazards Assessment Unit (MHAU) of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in formulating advice to local planning authorities on the siting of new Major Accident hazard installations. In such cases the primary consideration is to ensure that the proposed installation would not be incompatible with existing developments in the vicinity, as identified by the categorisation of the existing developments and the estimation of individual risk values at those developments. In addition a simple methodology, described here, based on MHAU's “Risk Integral” and a single “worst case” even analysis, is used to enable the societal risk aspects of the hazardous installation to be considered at an early stage of the proposal, and to determine the degree of analysis that will be necessary to enable HSE to give appropriate advice.
Christian Kirchsteiger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of geographic information systems in Major Accident risk assessment and management
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000Co-Authors: Sergio Contini, Furio Bellezza, Michalis D Christou, Christian KirchsteigerAbstract:Abstract The paper discusses the use of modern information technologies, and in particular geographic information systems (GIS), in the management and control of Major Accident risk. For this purpose, the regulatory framework of the recent “Seveso II” Directive is briefly described. This asks for more transparent procedures and decision-making, and requires consultation of the public in land-use and off-site emergency planning. Correspondingly, new demands are put to support tools being developed. The main features of tools dealing with hazard sources mapping, risk assessment, risk management, and emergency planning are discussed and examples are given. Moreover, it is argued that, if appropriately designed, their use can enhance the dialog between plant operators, authorities and the public to facilitate a consensus on risk issues. Finally, limitations in the use of these tools and prospects for future developments are discussed.
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status and functioning of the european commission s Major Accident reporting system
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1999Co-Authors: Christian KirchsteigerAbstract:Abstract This paper describes the background, functioning and status of the European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), dedicated to collect, in a consistent way, data on Major industrial Accidents involving dangerous substances from the Member States of the European Union, to analyse and statistically process them, and to create subsets of all non-confidential Accidents data and analysis results for export to all Member States. This modern information exchange and analysis tool is made up of two connected parts: one for each local unit (i.e., for the Competent Authority of each EU Member State), and one central part for the European Commission. The local, as well as the central parts of this information network, can serve both as data logging systems and, on different levels of complexity, as data analysis tools. The central database allows complex cluster and pattern analysis, identifying and analysing the succession of the disruptive factors leading to an Accident. On this basis, `lessons learned' can be formulated for the industry for the purposes of further Accident prevention. Further, results from analysing data of Major industrial Accidents reported to MARS are presented. It can be shown that some of the main assumptions in the new `Seveso II Directive' can directly be validated from MARS data.
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the functioning and status of the ec s Major Accident reporting system on industrial Accidents
Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 1999Co-Authors: Christian KirchsteigerAbstract:Abstract This paper describes the functioning and current status of the European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), dedicated to collect in a consistent way data on Major industrial Accidents involving dangerous substances from the Member States of the European Union under the requirements of the `Seveso Directives', to analyse and statistically process them, and to distribute all non-confidential Accidents data and analysis results to the Member States. This modern information exchange and analysis tool is made up of two connected parts: one for each local unit (i.e. for the Competent Authority of each Member State), and one central part for the European Commission. The local as well as the central parts of this network can serve both as data logging systems and, on different levels of complexity, as data analysis tools. The central database allows complex pattern analysis, identifying and analysing the succession of disruptive factors leading to an Accident. On this basis, “lessons learned” can be formulated for the industry or regulatory bodies for further Accident prevention. Results of various overall analyses of the contents of MARS are given. The availability of MARS data and analysis results is described.
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IV.2 – Major Accident Reporting System (MARS)
Industrial Safety Series, 1998Co-Authors: Christian KirchsteigerAbstract:This chapter describes the background, functioning, and status of the European Commission's Major Accident reporting system (MARS), dedicated to collect in a consistent way data on Major industrial Accidents involving dangerous substances from the member states of the European Union. Initiatives have been taken in many countries around the world to provide industry, governmental, and research institutions with high quality information on past Accidents as a means of future Accident prevention. On the basis of such models, the formulation of practical measures to further increase industrial safety is possible. In the context of Major industrial hazards, such data comprise knowledge on the causes, circumstances, evolution, and consequences of and responses to past industrial Accidents. Information on the Major Accidents to be notified to MARS consists of both character and numeric types of data in free text, as well as in selection list type of format on events and circumstances leading to the Major Accident, descriptions of the evolution of the Accident, consequences, emergency responses, and immediate lessons learned by the operator.
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iv 2 Major Accident reporting system mars
Industrial Safety Series, 1998Co-Authors: Christian KirchsteigerAbstract:This chapter describes the background, functioning, and status of the European Commission's Major Accident reporting system (MARS), dedicated to collect in a consistent way data on Major industrial Accidents involving dangerous substances from the member states of the European Union. Initiatives have been taken in many countries around the world to provide industry, governmental, and research institutions with high quality information on past Accidents as a means of future Accident prevention. On the basis of such models, the formulation of practical measures to further increase industrial safety is possible. In the context of Major industrial hazards, such data comprise knowledge on the causes, circumstances, evolution, and consequences of and responses to past industrial Accidents. Information on the Major Accidents to be notified to MARS consists of both character and numeric types of data in free text, as well as in selection list type of format on events and circumstances leading to the Major Accident, descriptions of the evolution of the Accident, consequences, emergency responses, and immediate lessons learned by the operator.
Valerio Cozzani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Major Accident hazard in biodiesel production processes
Safety Science, 2019Co-Authors: Valeria Casson Moreno, Enrico Danzi, Luca Marmo, Ernesto Salzano, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Abstract The number of biodiesel production plants is rapidly growing around the world, and the related “green” technologies are developing to full industrial scale within a brief time. The exploitation of these relatively new technologies with a low operational experience is however leading to an increase in the number of Accidents in this industrial sector. To better address and characterise the problem of the high Accident rate in the “green” technologies in biodiesel production, an in-depth statistical analysis of past Accidents has been performed. The set of records analysed (93 events, from 2003 to 2017) has been selected to depict the most relevant factors affecting the Accident rate, e.g. the age of the plant and its status at the time of the Accident or unit and substances involved. Correlations between characteristics of the unwanted events, such as scenario and causes, have been evidenced. The analysis of the frequency and severity of past Accidents allowed an estimate of the risk figure with respect to Major Accident hazard for biodiesel industry, unveiling the misconception for which green technologies as biodiesel production are often perceived as safer.
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Major Accident prevention decision making a large scale survey based analysis
Safety Science, 2016Co-Authors: K Van Nunen, Genserik Reniers, Koen Ponnet, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Decision-making under risk and uncertainty is not straightforward. This paper investigates how people make decisions when they need to choose between prevention and production investments and the decision involves risks and uncertainties that could have Major negative consequences. A questionnaire was conducted among 405 students at the University of Antwerp, in Belgium. With regard to decision-making under risk, the findings reveal that the respondents behaved in a more risk-averse manner than predicted by the theory of expected values. Concerning decision-making under uncertainty, the respondents also displayed more risk-averse decision-making behaviour than anticipated, especially under circumstances of complete uncertainty. The study also shows that men are more likely to behave in a more risk-seeking manner than women are, and that people with a high intuitive thinking style are less risk-averse than people with a low intuitive thinking style. Furthermore, people with a high rational thinking style are more risk-averse than people with a low rational thinking style, and respondents with a high sensation-seeking style make decisions in a more risk-seeking way than respondents with a low sensation-seeking style. Language: en
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identification of Major Accident hazards in industrial biological processes
Chemical engineering transactions, 2016Co-Authors: Valeria Casson Moreno, Eleonora Giacomini, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:The present work focuses on process safety related to bioprocess engineering, meant as the integration between chemical engineering and biotechnology. A specific checklist has been created in order to perform a first step in bioprocesses hazard identification aimed at meeting not only personnel safety issues, but also process safety ones. The bioprocess of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of livestock slurry was taken as a case study to show the methodology.
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Major Accident hazard in bioenergy production
Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2015Co-Authors: Valeria Casson Moreno, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Abstract Some recent Accidents involving the bioenergy production and feedstock supply chain raised concern on the safety of such technologies. A survey of Major Accidents related to the production of bioenergy (intended as biomass, bioliquids/biofuels and biogas) was carried out, and a data repository was built, based on past Accident reports available in the open literature and in specific databases. Data analysis shows that Major Accidents are increasing in recent years and their number is growing faster than bioenergy production. The results obtained represent an early warning concerning the Major Accident hazard of bioenergies, and suggest the importance of risk awareness and safety culture in bioenergy production, in the perspective of a safe and sustainable exploitation of renewable resources.
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application of land use planning criteria for the control of Major Accident hazards a case study
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006Co-Authors: Valerio Cozzani, Riccardo Bandini, Claudia Basta, M ChristouAbstract:Land-use planning (LUP) with respect to Major Accident hazards is one of the more important requirements of Directive 96/82/EC (the so-called Seveso II Directive). Different approaches were developed by the Member States of the European Union in order to implement this aspect of the Directive. This study focuses on the comparison of the specific approaches developed for LUP with respect to Major Accidents hazards. An Italian industrial area has been selected to perform a case study. The different LUP criteria have been used both to evaluate the present state of the area and the effect of several proposed hazard reduction actions. The results obtained have allowed a comparison of the different LUP methodologies. Critical steps in the application of the different LUP criteria have been identified, and the different priorities of hazard reduction actions resulting from risk-based and consequence-based approaches have been highlighted.
Genserik Reniers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Major Accident prevention decision making a large scale survey based analysis
Safety Science, 2016Co-Authors: K Van Nunen, Genserik Reniers, Koen Ponnet, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Decision-making under risk and uncertainty is not straightforward. This paper investigates how people make decisions when they need to choose between prevention and production investments and the decision involves risks and uncertainties that could have Major negative consequences. A questionnaire was conducted among 405 students at the University of Antwerp, in Belgium. With regard to decision-making under risk, the findings reveal that the respondents behaved in a more risk-averse manner than predicted by the theory of expected values. Concerning decision-making under uncertainty, the respondents also displayed more risk-averse decision-making behaviour than anticipated, especially under circumstances of complete uncertainty. The study also shows that men are more likely to behave in a more risk-seeking manner than women are, and that people with a high intuitive thinking style are less risk-averse than people with a low intuitive thinking style. Furthermore, people with a high rational thinking style are more risk-averse than people with a low rational thinking style, and respondents with a high sensation-seeking style make decisions in a more risk-seeking way than respondents with a low sensation-seeking style. Language: en
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Major Accident management in the process industry an expert tool called cesma for intelligent allocation of prevention investments
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2014Co-Authors: Genserik Reniers, Tom BrijsAbstract:Abstract A tool (called CESMA) was developed to carry out cost–benefit analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention investments for avoiding Major Accidents. A wide variety of parameters necessary to calculate both the costs of the considered preventive measures and the benefits related with the avoidance of Accidents were identified in the research. The benefits are determined by estimating the difference in (hypothetical) Major Accident costs without and with the implementation of a preventive measure. As many relevant costs and benefits as possible were included into the tool, based on literature and expert opinion, in order to be able to deliver an all-embracing cost–benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis to assist in the investment decision process. Because Major Accidents are related to extremely low frequencies, the tool takes the uncertainty of the unwanted occurrence of a Major Accident into account through the usage of a so-called ‘disproportion factor’. Compared with existing software, the CESMA tool is innovative by striving for an as-accurate-as-possible picture of costs and benefits of Major Accident prevention, and taking the uncertainties accompanying disastrous events into consideration. Furthermore, an illustrative example of CESMA is presented in the paper.
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decision support systems for Major Accident prevention in the chemical process industry a developers survey
Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2006Co-Authors: Genserik Reniers, Wout Dullaert, Bram FoubertAbstract:Solid Major Accident prevention management is characterized by efficient and effective risk assessments. As a means of addressing the efficiency aspect, decision support analysis software is becoming increasingly available. This paper discusses the results of a survey of decision support tools for investigating (internal and external) Major hazards in the chemical industry. The most significant features, such as the usability and the functionality of the toolkits are discussed. Toolkit characteristics are analyzed in the light of the different Major risk decision process stages. Consequently, valuable supportive information for company decision makers purchasing such software is given. Furthermore, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are formulated for establishing priorities for future risk toolkits developments.
