The Experts below are selected from a list of 26217 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fumitaka Kurauchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Network Capacity Reliability Analysis Considering Traffic Regulation after a Major Disaster
Networks and Spatial Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Agachai Sumalee, Fumitaka KurauchiAbstract:The focuses of this paper are optimal traffic regulation after a Major Disaster and evaluation of capacity reliability of a network. The paper firstly discusses the context of traffic regulation and its importance after a Major Disaster. Then, this problem is formulated as an optimisation program in which the traffic regulator attempts to regulate the amount of traffic movements or access to some areas so as to maximise the traffic volumes in the network while (a) link flows must be less than link capacities and (b) re-routing effect due to changes of traffic condition in the network is allowed. The re-routing behaviour is assumed to follow Probit Stochastic User's Equilibrium (SUE). The paper explains an optimisation algorithm based on an implicit programming approach for solving this problem with the SUE condition. With this optimisation problem, the randomness of the link capacities (to represent random effects of the Disaster) is introduced and the paper describes an approach to approximate the capacity reliability of the network using Monte-Carlo simulation. The paper then adopts this approach to evaluate the performances of different traffic regulation policies with a small network and a test network of Kobe city in Japan.
Jun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microblogging after a Major Disaster in china a case study of the 2010 yushu earthquake
Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2011Co-Authors: Yan Qu, Chen Huang, Pengyi Zhang, Jun ZhangAbstract:In this work, we conducted a case study of a popular Chinese microblogging site, Sina-Weibo, to investigate how Chinese netizens used microblogging in response to a Major Disaster: the 2010 Yushu Earthquake. We combined multiple analysis methods in this case study, including content analysis of microblog messages, trend analysis of different topics, and an analysis of the information spreading process. This study helped us understand the roles played by microblogging systems in response to Major Disasters and enabled us to gain insight into how to harness the power of microblogging to facilitate Disaster response. In addition, this work supplements existing works with an exploration of a non-Western socio-cultural system: how Chinese Internet users used microblogging in Disaster response.
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CSCW - Microblogging after a Major Disaster in China: a case study of the 2010 Yushu earthquake
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work - CSCW '11, 2011Co-Authors: Chen Huang, Pengyi Zhang, Jun ZhangAbstract:In this work, we conducted a case study of a popular Chinese microblogging site, Sina-Weibo, to investigate how Chinese netizens used microblogging in response to a Major Disaster: the 2010 Yushu Earthquake. We combined multiple analysis methods in this case study, including content analysis of microblog messages, trend analysis of different topics, and an analysis of the information spreading process. This study helped us understand the roles played by microblogging systems in response to Major Disasters and enabled us to gain insight into how to harness the power of microblogging to facilitate Disaster response. In addition, this work supplements existing works with an exploration of a non-Western socio-cultural system: how Chinese Internet users used microblogging in Disaster response.
Yan Qu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microblogging after a Major Disaster in china a case study of the 2010 yushu earthquake
Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2011Co-Authors: Yan Qu, Chen Huang, Pengyi Zhang, Jun ZhangAbstract:In this work, we conducted a case study of a popular Chinese microblogging site, Sina-Weibo, to investigate how Chinese netizens used microblogging in response to a Major Disaster: the 2010 Yushu Earthquake. We combined multiple analysis methods in this case study, including content analysis of microblog messages, trend analysis of different topics, and an analysis of the information spreading process. This study helped us understand the roles played by microblogging systems in response to Major Disasters and enabled us to gain insight into how to harness the power of microblogging to facilitate Disaster response. In addition, this work supplements existing works with an exploration of a non-Western socio-cultural system: how Chinese Internet users used microblogging in Disaster response.
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Online Community Response to Major Disaster: A Study of Tianya Forum in the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake
2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Yan Qu, P.f. Wu, Xiaoqing WangAbstract:Immediately after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the netizens reacted and participated in the Disaster response in many ways. This work examined a popular Chinese discussion forum during the first week after the earthquake, adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A new message classification scheme was developed to categorize 2,266 discussion threads posted to the forum. Four important roles played by the forum were identified and further examined. Design implications for Disaster response systems were drawn.
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community response grids e government social networks and effective emergency management
Telecommunications Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Paul T Jaeger, Kenneth R. Fleischmann, Jennifer Preece, Ben Shneiderman, Yan Qu, Philip Fei WuAbstract:This paper explores the concept of developing community response grids (CRGs) for community emergency response and the policy implications of such a system. CRGs make use of the Internet and mobile communication devices, allowing residents and responders to share information, communicate, and coordinate activities in response to a Major Disaster. This paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies and the Web, including e-government, to develop response systems that would aid communities before, during, and after a Major Disaster, providing channels for contacting residents and responders, uploading information, distributing information, coordinating the responses of social networks, and facilitating resident-to-resident assistance. Drawing upon research from computer science, information studies, public policy, emergency management, and several other disciplines, the paper elaborates on the concept of and need for CRGs, examines related current efforts that can inform the development of CRGs, discusses how research about community networks can be used to instill trust and social capital in CRGs, and examines the issues of public policy, telecommunications, and e-government related to such a system.
Ichiro Kawachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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associations between community social capital and preservation of functional capacity in the aftermath of a Major Disaster
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2020Co-Authors: Krisztina Gero, Jun Aida, Hiroyuki Hikichi, Katsunori Kondo, Ichiro KawachiAbstract:The strength of social connections in the community ("social capital") is hypothesized to be a crucial ingredient in Disaster resilience. We examined whether community-level social capital is correlated with the ability to maintain functional capacity among older residents who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline of our cohort (mean age, 74 years) was established in 2010, 7 months before the Disaster in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80 km from the epicenter. Disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., housing damage or relocation) were assessed through a follow-up survey (n = 3,594; follow-up rate, 82.1%) conducted in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake. Multiple membership multilevel models were used to evaluate the associations between functional capacity, measured by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and 3 subscales of community-level social capital: social cohesion, social participation, and reciprocity. Community-level social participation was associated with a lower risk of functional decline after Disaster exposure. The average level of social participation in the community also mitigated the adverse impact of housing damage on functional status, suggesting a buffering mechanism.
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assessment of community vulnerability and medical surge capacity in a foreseeable Major Disaster
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Soichiro Kato, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Ichiro KawachiAbstract:Objective: Developing an adequate Disaster response capacity involves an assessment of available resources in areas that are vulnerable to Disaster. Here, we sought to evaluate the gap between predicted damage in a foreseeable Major earthquake versus existing municipality-level resources in Tokyo, Japan. Methods: Our study focused on the 53 municipalities in Tokyo to evaluate the relationships between the predicted number of severe casualties per 1,000 population from a future earthquake, community characteristics, and inpatient bed supply in local hospitals. Correlation analysis and supply–demand balance estimations were carried out at the municipality level, and the results were geographically visualized using choropleth maps. Results: The correlation analysis showed that higher casualties were correlated with municipalities with faster population increase, higher taxable incomes, lower unemployment rates, and higher bed volumes in Disaster base hospitals. Under a maximal damage scenario in a future earthquake, we predict a shortage of 2,780 beds for the treatment of severe casualties across Tokyo. Even under a scenario of cooperation among neighboring municipalities, a shortage of 7,107 beds would remain. Conclusions: Tokyo is located in a zone where Major earthquake damage is anticipated. Cooperation between neighboring municipalities may not suffice to address the undersupply of beds during the acute phase of a Disaster. Hence, existing Disaster preparedness plans require further reinforcement with a focus on local vulnerabilities.
Agachai Sumalee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Network Capacity Reliability Analysis Considering Traffic Regulation after a Major Disaster
Networks and Spatial Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Agachai Sumalee, Fumitaka KurauchiAbstract:The focuses of this paper are optimal traffic regulation after a Major Disaster and evaluation of capacity reliability of a network. The paper firstly discusses the context of traffic regulation and its importance after a Major Disaster. Then, this problem is formulated as an optimisation program in which the traffic regulator attempts to regulate the amount of traffic movements or access to some areas so as to maximise the traffic volumes in the network while (a) link flows must be less than link capacities and (b) re-routing effect due to changes of traffic condition in the network is allowed. The re-routing behaviour is assumed to follow Probit Stochastic User's Equilibrium (SUE). The paper explains an optimisation algorithm based on an implicit programming approach for solving this problem with the SUE condition. With this optimisation problem, the randomness of the link capacities (to represent random effects of the Disaster) is introduced and the paper describes an approach to approximate the capacity reliability of the network using Monte-Carlo simulation. The paper then adopts this approach to evaluate the performances of different traffic regulation policies with a small network and a test network of Kobe city in Japan.
