The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhao Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis on the variation of feMale Male Flowers and strobilus production of clonal seed orchard of pinus tabulaeformis carr
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Zhao PengAbstract:The strobilus production of feMale Flowers,Male Flowers and 2-year-old cone of 222 plants from 37 clones of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in Luonan Gucheng seed orchard was investigated and the genetic variation law was analyzed based on above the data.The result indicated that the difference was remarkable within the clones on strobilus production of feMale and Male Flowers,2-year-old cone,tress height and tress crown size.The some difference existed within the plans among the clones on strobilus production of feMale and Male Flowers and cone production.The more the strobilus production of feMale Flowers was,the smaller their difference was.The difference in the north and south branch on one clone on strobilus production of feMale Flowers and the 2-year-old cone was extremely significant,but that on strobilus production of Male Flowers was not remarkable.The "phenomenon of toward feMale or Male toward" also occurred in the some plants of clones.According to 5 quantity characters of the strobilus production of feMale Flowers,2-year-old cone production,tree high,tree diameter at chest height,crown size,6 good clones of No.285,No.273,No.291,No.10,No.266,No.289 were selected by integrated scoring method of breeding value based on ranking(CICR).
William J Bond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different rewards in feMale and Male Flowers can explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism in plants
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2005Co-Authors: Asa M Hemborg, William J BondAbstract:Insects use floral signals to find rewards in Flowers, transferring pollen in the process. In unisexual plants, the general view is that staminate (Male) and pistillate (feMale) Flowers obtain conspecific pollen transfers by advertising their rewards with similar floral signals. For feMale plants lacking food rewards, this can lead to floral mimicry and pollination by deceit. In this study, we challenge this view by presenting evidence for different rewards offered by Flowers on feMales and Males, as a mechanism promoting sexual dimorphism in Leucadendron xanthoconus (Proteaceae), a clearly sexually dimorphic shrub. The tiny beetle pollinators Pria cinerascens (Nitidulidae) depend entirely on the plants they pollinate for survival and reproduction. Male Flowers provide mating and egglaying sites, and food for adults and larvae. FeMale Flowers lack nectar and function to shelter pollinators from rain. Their flower heads have cup-shaped display leaves, and are more closed than are those in Males. On rainy days, Flowers on feMales received 30% more visits than did Flowers on Males, and 90% more than they did on sunny days. When we removed display leaves in feMales, intact flower heads received 14 times more P. cinerascens visits than did manipulated flower heads, indicating that the cup shape attracts the beetles. In both sexes, having many Flowers increased the probability of visits and the number of P. cinerascens visiting a plant. In Males, the number of larvae was positively correlated with floral-display size, while in feMales, seed set (pollen transfers) showed no relationship with floral-display size. Ninety-five per cent of the ovules received pollen and 52% matured into seeds. We explain the sexual dimorphism in L. xanthoconus as a result of an intimate partnership with P. cinerascens pollinators, in conjunction with a rainy climate. Pollinators favour large Male floral displays, because they offer a reliable food source for adults and larvae. Frequent rains drive the P. cinerascens to leave Males in search of the protection offered by feMales. Because feMales offer shelter, an essential resource that is not offered by Male plants, they receive sufficient pollen independent of their floral-display size. This pollination system promotes the evolution of sexually dimorphic floral signals, guiding pollinators to different rewards in Male and feMale Flowers. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 85, 97–109.
Celine Caseys - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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shy girl gives kiwifruit Male Flowers
The Plant Cell, 2018Co-Authors: Celine CaseysAbstract:From the human perspective, separate sexes are the norm while hermaphroditism is an exotic concept. For plants, hermaphroditism is the norm. Dioecy, separate Male and feMale individuals, is rare and dispersed in the angiosperm phylogeny ([Renner, 2014][1]; [Kafer et al., 2017][2]). In fact, dioecy
Liu Shao-yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sedative and Hypnotic Effects of Water-soluble Alkaloids from Male Flowers of Eucommia
Food Science, 2011Co-Authors: Liu Shao-yangAbstract:Objective: To explore the sedative and hypnotic effects of different doses of water-soluble alkaloids from Male Flowers of Eucommia.Methods: Water-soluble alkaloids were extracted from Eucommia Male Flowers by an acidic water extraction method,their effect on spontaneous activities of mice,hypnotic function with and without the presence of pentobarbital sodium and anticonvulsant effects were investigated at different doses.Results: Water-soluble alkaloids from Eucommia Male Flowers could decrease the frequency of spontaneous activities,significantly increase sleeping ratio below the threshold dose,prolong the sleeping time and shorten the sleeping latency.Meanwhile,these alkaloids also could effectively reduce the eclamptic ratio of the mice and significantly prolong the convulsion latency.Conclusion: Water-soluble alkaloids of Eucommia Male Flowers have obviously sedative and hypnotic effects in mice and there is a synergistic effect between them and pentobarbital sodium.
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Study on the sedative and hypnotic effects of n-butyl alcohol extracts of eucommia Male Flowers
Food and Machinery, 2009Co-Authors: Liu Shao-yangAbstract:Study the sedative and hypnotic effects of n-butyl alcohol extracts of Eucommia Male Flowers with different dose.Confirm the effective part of Eucommia Male Flowers and investigate the effective dosage of it.Extract active components in Eucommia Male Flowers with the n-butyl alcohol.We investigated the effects on spontaneous activity of mice,the synergy operation with pentobarbital sodium,and anticonvulsant effects of n-butyl alcohol extracts of Eucommia Male Flowers with different dose.N-butyl alcohol extracts of Eucommia Male Flowers could induce mice to sleep or significantly inhibit the spontaneous activity;enhance the amount of sleeping mice with pentobarbital sodium of subthreshold dose,prolong the sleeping time and shorten the sleep latency of pentobarbital sodium of superthreshold dose;effectively reduce the eclamptic rate of mice and significantly prolonged the convulsions latency.N-butyl alcohol extracts of Eucommia Male Flowers possess obviously sedative and hypnotic effects in mice which are the effective part of Eucommia Male Flowers.
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Sedative and Hypnotic Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Male Flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv
Food Science, 2009Co-Authors: Liu Shao-yangAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the sedative and hypnotic effect of ethyl acetate extract from Male Flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv and to determine its optimal effective dose using Kunming Male mice as experimental animals. The effect of the extract on spontaneous activity in mice, possible synergetic effect with pentobarbital sodium and anticonvulsant effect of with different doses were analyzed. Results showed that the ethyl acetate extract was able to significantly induce sleep in mice, inhibit the spontaneous activity, enhance the percentage of sleeping mice with the treatment of subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium, prolong the sleeping time induced by superthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium and the convulsion latency, shorten the sleep latency, and reduce the eclamptia ratio in mice. In summary, ethyl acetate extract from Male Flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv possess obviously sedative and hypnotic effects in mice.
Asa M Hemborg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different rewards in feMale and Male Flowers can explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism in plants
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2005Co-Authors: Asa M Hemborg, William J BondAbstract:Insects use floral signals to find rewards in Flowers, transferring pollen in the process. In unisexual plants, the general view is that staminate (Male) and pistillate (feMale) Flowers obtain conspecific pollen transfers by advertising their rewards with similar floral signals. For feMale plants lacking food rewards, this can lead to floral mimicry and pollination by deceit. In this study, we challenge this view by presenting evidence for different rewards offered by Flowers on feMales and Males, as a mechanism promoting sexual dimorphism in Leucadendron xanthoconus (Proteaceae), a clearly sexually dimorphic shrub. The tiny beetle pollinators Pria cinerascens (Nitidulidae) depend entirely on the plants they pollinate for survival and reproduction. Male Flowers provide mating and egglaying sites, and food for adults and larvae. FeMale Flowers lack nectar and function to shelter pollinators from rain. Their flower heads have cup-shaped display leaves, and are more closed than are those in Males. On rainy days, Flowers on feMales received 30% more visits than did Flowers on Males, and 90% more than they did on sunny days. When we removed display leaves in feMales, intact flower heads received 14 times more P. cinerascens visits than did manipulated flower heads, indicating that the cup shape attracts the beetles. In both sexes, having many Flowers increased the probability of visits and the number of P. cinerascens visiting a plant. In Males, the number of larvae was positively correlated with floral-display size, while in feMales, seed set (pollen transfers) showed no relationship with floral-display size. Ninety-five per cent of the ovules received pollen and 52% matured into seeds. We explain the sexual dimorphism in L. xanthoconus as a result of an intimate partnership with P. cinerascens pollinators, in conjunction with a rainy climate. Pollinators favour large Male floral displays, because they offer a reliable food source for adults and larvae. Frequent rains drive the P. cinerascens to leave Males in search of the protection offered by feMales. Because feMales offer shelter, an essential resource that is not offered by Male plants, they receive sufficient pollen independent of their floral-display size. This pollination system promotes the evolution of sexually dimorphic floral signals, guiding pollinators to different rewards in Male and feMale Flowers. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 85, 97–109.
