The Experts below are selected from a list of 3027 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Charles C Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Andersoniella: A New Genus of Neotropical Malpighiaceae
    Harvard Papers in Botany, 2020
    Co-Authors: Charles C Davis, Lucas Cardoso Marinho, André M. Amorim
    Abstract:

    Morphological and molecular investigations of the galphimioid clade in the angiosperm family Malpighiaceae revealed that three species previously assigned to Lophanthera are more closely allied with Spachea. These species are transferred to the newly described genus Andersoniella and include A. hammelii, A. marcelae, and A. spruceana, the type species of the genus.

  • Phylogeny of Elatinaceae and the Tropical Gondwanan Origin of the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) Clade.
    PloS one, 2016
    Co-Authors: Liming Cai, Kylee Peterson, Catherine A. Rushworth, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    The flowering plant family Elatinaceae is a widespread aquatic lineage inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes, including ∼35(-50) species. Its phylogeny remains largely unknown, compromising our understanding of its systematics. Moreover, this group is particularly in need of attention because the biogeography of most aquatic plant clades has yet to be investigated, resulting in uncertainty about whether aquatic plants show histories that deviate from terrestrial plants. We inferred the phylogeny of Elatinaceae from four DNA regions spanning 59 accessions across the family. An expanded sampling was used for molecular divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction to infer the biogeography of Elatinaceae and their closest terrestrial relatives, Malpighiaceae and Centroplacaceae. The two genera of Elatinaceae, Bergia and Elatine, are monophyletic, but several traditionally recognized groups within the family are non-monophyletic. Our results suggest two ancient biogeographic events in the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) clade involving western Gondwana, while Elatinaceae shows a more complicated biogeographic history with a high degree of continental endemicity. Our results indicate the need for further taxonomic investigation of Elatinaceae. Further, our study is one of few to implicate ancient Gondwanan biogeography in extant angiosperms, especially significant given the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) clade's largely tropical distribution. Finally, Elatinaceae demonstrates long-term continental in situ diversification, which argues against recent dispersal as a universal explanation commonly invoked for aquatic plant distributions.

  • Differential Expression of CYC2 Genes and the Elaboration of Floral Morphologies in Hiptage, an Old World Genus of Malpighiaceae
    International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wenheng Zhang, Elena M Kramer, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    Premise of research. The primarily Neotropical Malpighiaceae exhibit an elegant suite of floral morphological characteristics associated with a specialized mutualism with oil bee pollinators, including bilaterally symmetrical flowers and paired oil glands on the calyx. One clade within the family, Hiptage Gaertn., has migrated to the paleotropics and lost its association with oil bees. Corresponding to this transition, some members of Hiptage have evolved a highly elaborate zygomorphic corolla with strongly reflexed petals and striking dorsoventral heteranthery. Previously, we demonstrated that expression of CYCLOIDEA2-like (CYC2-like) genes is correlated with the evolution of floral symmetry in Malpighiaceae. Here, we examine CYC2 expression in relation to the evolution of elaborate floral zygomorphy in Hiptage benghalensis.Methodology. CYC2-like genes were cloned from H. benghalensis. The spatial pattern of CYC2 expression was examined with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR on the dissected floral ...

  • the establishment of central american migratory corridors and the biogeographic origins of seasonally dry tropical forests in mexico
    Frontiers in Genetics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Charles G Willis, Brian F Franzone, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    Biogeography and community ecology can mutually illuminate the formation of a regional species pool or biome. Here, we apply phylogenetic methods to a large and diverse plant clade, Malpighiaceae, to characterize the formation of its species pool in Mexico, and its occupancy of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) biome that occurs there. We find that the ∼162 species of Mexican Malpighiaceae represent ∼33 dispersals from South America beginning in the Eocene and continuing until the Pliocene (∼46.4‐3.8 Myr). Furthermore, dispersal rates between South America and Mexico show a significant six-fold increase during the mid-Miocene (∼23.9 Myr). We hypothesize that this increase marked the availability of Central America as an important corridor for Neotropical plant migration. We additionally demonstrate that this high rate of dispersal contributed substantially more to the phylogenetic diversity of Malpighiaceae in Mexico than in situ diversification. Finally, we show that most lineages arrived in Mexico pre-adapted with regard to one key SDTF trait, total annual precipitation. In contrast, these lineages adapted to a second key trait, precipitation seasonality, in situ as mountain building in the region gave rise to the abiotic parameters of extant SDTF. The timing of this in situ adaptation to seasonal precipitation suggests that SDTF likely originated its modern characteristics by the late Oligocene, but was geographically more restricted until its expansion in the mid-Miocene. These results highlight the complex interplay of dispersal, adaptation, and in situ diversification in the formation of tropical biomes. Our results additionally demonstrate that these processes are not static, and their relevance can change markedly over evolutionary time. This has important implications for understanding the origin of SDTF in Mexico, but also for understanding the temporal and spatial origin of biomes and regional species pools more broadly.

  • long term morphological stasis maintained by a plant pollinator mutualism
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014
    Co-Authors: Charles C Davis, Hanno Schaefe, David A Aum, Michael J Donoghue, Luke J Harmo
    Abstract:

    Many major branches in the Tree of Life are marked by stereotyped body plans that have been maintained over long periods of time. One possible explanation for this stasis is that there are genetic or developmental constraints that restrict the origin of novel body plans. An alternative is that basic body plans are potentially quite labile, but are actively maintained by natural selection. We present evidence that the conserved floral morphology of a species-rich flowering plant clade, Malpighiaceae, has been actively maintained for tens of millions of years via stabilizing selection imposed by their specialist New World oil-bee pollinators. Nine clades that have lost their primary oil-bee pollinators show major evolutionary shifts in specific floral traits associated with oil-bee pollination, demonstrating that developmental constraint is not the primary cause of morphological stasis in Malpighiaceae. Interestingly, Malpighiaceae show a burst in species diversification coinciding with the origin of this plant–pollinator mutualism. One hypothesis to account for radiation despite morphological stasis is that although selection on pollinator efficiency explains the origin of this unique and conserved floral morphology, tight pollinator specificity subsequently permitted greatly enhanced diversification in this system.

Rafael Felipe De Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anatomy of staminal glands in the Stigmaphylloid clade sheds light into new morphotypes of elaiophores and osmophores in Malpighiaceae
    Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2020
    Co-Authors: Gustavo Arévalo-rodrigues, Rafael Felipe De Almeida, Poliana Cardoso-gustavson
    Abstract:

    Staminal glands are an important character in the taxonomy of several Malpighiaceae genera, such as Banisteriopsis, Byrsonima, Diplopterys, Peixotoa and Stigmaphyllon, but only recently few studies started to elucidate the anatomy and ecological functions of these glands. Most genera showing staminal glands are placed in the Stigmaphylloid clade, one of the ten major lineages recovered in recent phylogenies for Malpighiaceae. Here, we identified the nature of the staminal glands from 25 Stigmaphylloid species aiming to characterize their micromorphology, anatomy and exudate histochemistry. Scanning electron and light microscopy were applied to examine the stamens of fresh collected or herborized flowers. All Stigmaphylloid representatives showed elaiophores, osmophores or both glands comprising the epidermal cells in the connective, anther or both regions of the stamen. Elaiophores were distinct into three structural patterns: (1) trichomatous, (2) secretory globose epidermis (3) and overlapping globose epidermal cells. These glands were identified mainly by the occurrence of fatty acids composing the secretion within the cells. Osmophores were always identified as unicellular papillae. Elaiophores and osmophores in the stamen seems to be homoplastic in Malpighiaceae, identified in the Stigmaphylloid clade and in the outgroup representative Byrsonima spicata. Osmophores were restricted to the connectives of Camarea and Cottsia, and at different positions in the anther epidermis of Byrsonima spicata, probably linked to their unique pollination syndromes. This is the first effort in understanding the evolutionary patterns of these glands in Malpighiaceae and should shed light on further studies comprising the remaining lineages of this family.

  • Malpighiaceae Juss. in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
    Hoehnea, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ricardo Pacifico, Rafael Felipe De Almeida
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT We present a taxonomic treatment for Malpighiaceae Juss. from the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, where 20 species in 12 genera were recognized. An identification key, morphological descriptions, photo plates, and comments on distribution and ecology of the species are provided. Tetrapterys xylosteifolia is recorded for the first time in both Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul States in Brazil.

  • First report of laticifers in lianas of Malpighiaceae and their phylogenetic implications.
    American journal of botany, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marcelo R. Pace, Rafael Felipe De Almeida, Israel Lopes Da Cunha Neto, Leyde N. N. Santos‐silva, Gladys F. A. Melo-de-pinna, Pedro Acevedo-rodríguez, André M. Amorim, Veronica Angyalossy
    Abstract:

    PREMISE Laticifers have evolved multiple times in angiosperms and have been interpreted as a key innovation involved in plant defense mechanisms. In Malpighiaceae, laticifers were previously known from a single lineage of trees and shrubs, the Galphimia clade, but with detailed anatomical analyses here, we show that their distribution is broader in the family, also encompassing large clades of lianas. METHODS From 15 genera, 70 species of Malpighiaceae were surveyed through careful anatomical ontogenetic analysis of roots, stems, and leaves and detailed histochemical tests to elucidate the nature of laticifers and latex in the family. RESULTS Articulated anastomosing laticifers were encountered in roots, stems, and leaves of two distantly related megadiverse genera of Malpighiaceae lianas: Stigmaphyllon (stigmaphylloid clade) and Tetrapterys s.s. (tetrapteroid clade). From the apex downward, in Stigmaphyllon the laticifers are derived from the procambium and from the cambium during its early activity and are present in the outermost part of the vascular cylinder of stems and leaves and in the pericycle of roots, whereas in Tetrapterys s.s. they are derived from the ground meristem, procambium, and cambium throughout the plant body and are present in the cortex and pith, either the pericycle in roots or the outermost part of the vascular system in stems and leaves, and the primary and secondary phloem. CONCLUSIONS Laticifers seem to have evolved at least three times independently in Malpighiaceae, once in a lineage of trees and shrubs and twice in two distantly related megadiverse lianescent lineages. Laticifer evolution in Malpighiaceae is homoplastic and may be related to increases in species diversification.

  • Leaf structure in Amorimia and closely related Neotropical genera and implications for their systematics and leaf evolution in Malpighiaceae
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ana Caroline Marques Pereira Mello, Rafael Felipe De Almeida, André M. Amorim, Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira
    Abstract:

    AbstractAmorimia (Malpighiaceae) was recently segregated from the polyphyletic Mascagnia and placed in the malpighioid clade; identifying new characters based on leaf structure is among the first steps towards a proper generic delimitation of these segregates of Mascagnia. A comprehensive study describing and testing the relevance of leaf-structure characters in the evolution of Amorimia and related Neotropical genera is presented. We sampled all 15 Amorimia spp. and, as outgroups, eight species from the closely related Neotropical genera (Diplopterys, Ectopopterys, Mascagnia, Peixotoa and Stigmaphyllon). We scored 85 structural characters and mapped them on the most recent phylogenetic tree recovered for the genera. The presence of druses in the palisade parenchyma, the position of fibres alongside the vascular bundle and the occurrence of fibre blocks near the margin of the leaf blade were recovered as anatomical synapomorphies for Amorimia. Our results are a first step towards recovering anatomical and macromorphological synapomorphies for newly identified lineages of Malpighiaceae, such as Amorimia.

  • Assembling the puzzle of Byrsonima fanshawei (Malpighiaceae): Emended description and new records for a rare species
    Brittonia, 2018
    Co-Authors: Augusto Francener, Rafael Felipe De Almeida, Maria Candida Henrique Mamede
    Abstract:

    Byrsonima fanshawei is a rare species of Malpighiaceae that was described based only on a fruiting specimen from Kaieteur Plateau, Guyana. Here we provide an emended description, including a complete description of floral characters, along with new records of the species from the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Espirito Santo, and the Venezuelan state of Amazonas.

William R. Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Revision of mezia (Malpighiaceae)
    Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christiane Anderson, William R. Anderson
    Abstract:

    The Neotropical genus Mezia (Malpighiaceae) comprises 15 species of lianas (except M. huberi W.R.Anderson, a shrub or small tree). All have multibranched, densely brown-sericeous inflorescences with the ultimate unit a 4-flowered umbel of bilaterally symmetrical flowers. The distinctive pair of large cymbiform bracteoles subtends a rudimentary pedicel and encloses the floral bud. The flowers contain elongate sepals, the lateral four biglandular, yellow petals, the posterior often splotched with red, a heteromorphic androecium, and a tricarpellate gynoecium. The three styles are all free; the posterior pair is lyrate in five species but erect in the others. The samaras have an orbicular to oblate lateral wing and a much smaller dorsal wing; in most species, additional winglets and/or crests are present between the lateral and dorsal wings. Only Mezia mariposa W.R.Anderson has butterfly-shaped samaras lacking additional ornamentation. Four new species are proposed: Mezia andersonii C.E.Anderson, M. bahiana C.E.Anderson, M. fanshawei C.E.Anderson and M. sericea C.E.Anderson. One variety is elevated to species level and provided with a new name, Mezia peruviana C.E.Anderson; a lectotype is chosen for Diplopterys involuta var. ovata Nied. Full descriptions and synonymies are provided, as well as a distribution map. All species are illustrated.

  • Six new species of tetrapterys (Malpighiaceae)
    Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: William R. Anderson, Christiane Anderson
    Abstract:

    Six new species of the Neotropical genus Tetrapterys (Malpighiaceae) are described and illustrated: T. amazonica C.E.Anderson (Brazil, Colombia and Peru), T. andersonii C.E.Anderson (Mexico), T. callejasii W.R.Anderson (Colombia), T. molinae W.R.Anderson (Honduras), T. rzedowskii W.R.Anderson (Mexico) and T. steyermarkii W.R.Anderson (Colombia and Venezuela). All have 4(–6)-flowered umbels as the ultimate inflorescence units, glabrous yellow petals, and samaras with a small dorsal wing in addition to the four large lateral wings.

  • Seven new species of neotropical Malpighiaceae
    Acta Botanica Mexicana, 2014
    Co-Authors: William R. Anderson
    Abstract:

    Seven new species of neotropical Malpighiaceae are described: Aspicarpa steinmannii, Bunchosia breedlovei, and Bunchosia cruciana from Mexico; Bunchosia soejartoi, Lophanthera marcelae, and Mascagnia corymbosa from Colombia; and Heteropterys tiinae from Peru.

  • Orígenes del Malpighiaceae mexicanas
    Acta Botanica Mexicana, 2013
    Co-Authors: William R. Anderson
    Abstract:

    The approximately 42 lineages of Malpighiaceae currently known in Mexico are identified and briefly described and discussed. All the Mexican lineages have their ultimate roots in South America, although in some cases the connections are inferred only through phylogeny and several Mexican genera probably originated in Mexico. All the lineages have effective adaptations for dispersal except the genus Galphimia, but distributions outside Mexico and a phylogenetic tree suggest that while many Malpighiaceae reached Mexico through “stepping-stone” dispersal, some lineages probably arrived as the result of episodes of long-distance dispersal from South America.

  • Origins of Mexican Malpighiaceae
    Acta Botanica Mexicana, 2013
    Co-Authors: William R. Anderson
    Abstract:

    The approximately 42 lineages of Malpighiaceae currently known in Mexico are identified and briefly described and discussed. All the Mexican lineages have th...

Wenheng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Differential Expression of CYC2 Genes and the Elaboration of Floral Morphologies in Hiptage, an Old World Genus of Malpighiaceae
    International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wenheng Zhang, Elena M Kramer, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    Premise of research. The primarily Neotropical Malpighiaceae exhibit an elegant suite of floral morphological characteristics associated with a specialized mutualism with oil bee pollinators, including bilaterally symmetrical flowers and paired oil glands on the calyx. One clade within the family, Hiptage Gaertn., has migrated to the paleotropics and lost its association with oil bees. Corresponding to this transition, some members of Hiptage have evolved a highly elaborate zygomorphic corolla with strongly reflexed petals and striking dorsoventral heteranthery. Previously, we demonstrated that expression of CYCLOIDEA2-like (CYC2-like) genes is correlated with the evolution of floral symmetry in Malpighiaceae. Here, we examine CYC2 expression in relation to the evolution of elaborate floral zygomorphy in Hiptage benghalensis.Methodology. CYC2-like genes were cloned from H. benghalensis. The spatial pattern of CYC2 expression was examined with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR on the dissected floral ...

  • divergent genetic mechanisms underlie reversals to radial floral symmetry from diverse zygomorphic flowered ancestors
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Wenheng Zhang, Victor W Steinmann, Lachezar A Nikolov, Elena M Kramer, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    Malpighiaceae possess flowers with a unique bilateral symmetry (zygomorphy), which is a hypothesized adaptation associated with specialization on neotropical oil bee pollinators. Gene expression of two representatives of the CYC2 lineage of floral symmetry TCP genes, CYC2A and CYC2B, demarcate the adaxial (dorsal) region of the flower in the characteristic zygomorphic flowers of most Malpighiaceae. Several clades within the family, however, have independently lost their specialized oil bee pollinators and reverted to radial flowers (actinomorphy) like their ancestors. Here, we investigate CYC2 expression associated with four independent reversals to actinomorphy. We demonstrate that these reversals are always associated with alteration of the highly conserved CYC2 expression pattern observed in most New World Malpighiaceae. In New World Lasiocarpus and Old World Microsteria, the expression of CYC2-like genes has expanded to include the ventral region of the corolla. Thus, the pattern of gene expression in these species has become radialized, which is comparable to what has been reported in the radial flowered legume clade Cadia. In striking contrast, in New World Psychopterys and Old World Sphedamnocarpus, CYC2-like expression is entirely absent or at barely detectable levels. This is more similar to the pattern of CYC2 expression observed in radial flowered Arabidopsis. These results collectively indicate that, regardless of geographic distribution, reversals to similar floral phenotypes in this large tropical angiosperm clade have evolved via different genetic changes from an otherwise highly conserved developmental program.

  • floral symmetry genes and the origin and maintenance of zygomorphy in a plant pollinator mutualism
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
    Co-Authors: Wenheng Zhang, Elena M Krame, Charles C Davis
    Abstract:

    The evolution of floral zygomorphy is an important innovation in flowering plants and is thought to arise principally from specialization on various insect pollinators. Floral morphology of neotropical Malpighiaceae is distinctive and highly conserved, especially with regard to symmetry, and is thought to be caused by selection by its oil-bee pollinators. We sought to characterize the genetic basis of floral zygomorphy in Malpighiaceae by investigating CYCLOIDEA2-like (CYC2-like) genes, which are required for establishing symmetry in diverse core eudicots. We identified two copies of CYC2-like genes in Malpighiaceae, which resulted from a gene duplication in the common ancestor of the family. A likely role for these loci in the development of floral zygomorphy in Malpighiaceae is demonstrated by the conserved pattern of dorsal gene expression in two distantly related neotropical species, Byrsonima crassifolia and Janusia guaranitica. Further evidence for this function is observed in a Malpighiaceae species that has moved to the paleotropics and experienced coincident shifts in pollinators, floral symmetry, and CYC2-like gene expression. The dorsal expression pat-tern observed in Malpighiaceae contrasts dramatically with their actinomorphic-flowered relatives, Centroplacaceae (Bhesa paniculata) and Elatinaceae (Bergia texana). In particular, B. texana exhibits a previously undescribed pattern of uniform CYC2 expression, suggesting that CYC2 expression among the actinomorphic ancestors of zygomorphic lineages may be much more complex than previously thought. We consider three evolutionary models that may have given rise to this patterning, including the hypothesis that floral zygomorphy in Malpighiaceae arose earlier than standard morphology-based character reconstructions suggest.

Elisângela Gomes Fidelis Morais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • First record of acerola weevil, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil.
    Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. L. Marsaro Júnior, Paulo Roberto Valle Da Silva Pereira, Germano Henrique Rosado-neto, Elisângela Gomes Fidelis Morais
    Abstract:

    Abstract The weevil of acerola fruits, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Samples of this insect were collected in fruits of acerola, Malpighia emarginata D.C. (Malpighiaceae), in four municipalities in the north-central region of Roraima State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Information about injuries observed in fruits infested with A. tomentosus , its distribution in Roraima, and suggestions for pest management are presented. Keywords: Brazilian Amazon, quarantine pests, fruticulture, geographical distribution, host plants. Primeiro registro do bicudo dos frutos da acerola, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), no Brasil Resumo O bicudo dos frutos da acerola, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), e registrado pela primeira vez no Brasil. Amostras deste inseto foram coletadas em frutos de acerola, Malpighia emarginata D.C. (Malpighiaceae), em quatro municipios do Centro-Norte do Estado de Roraima, na Amazonia brasileira. Informacoes sobre as injurias observadas nos frutos infestados por

  • First record of acerola weevil, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil.
    Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. L. Marsaro Júnior, Paulo Roberto Valle Da Silva Pereira, Germano Henrique Rosado-neto, Elisângela Gomes Fidelis Morais
    Abstract:

    The weevil of acerola fruits, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Samples of this insect were collected in fruits of acerola, Malpighia emarginata D.C. (Malpighiaceae), in four municipalities in the north-central region of Roraima State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Information about injuries observed in fruits infested with A. tomentosus, its distribution in Roraima, and suggestions for pest management are presented.