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P Marin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in rabbit after intravenous intramuscular and subcutaneous administration
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: P Marin, L F Alamo, E Escudero, E Fernandezvaron, Veronica Hernandis, C M CarcelesAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration was determined in rabbits at a single dose of 2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of Marbofloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) and clearance (Cl) of Marbofloxacin after i.v. administration were 1.99±0.27 L/kg and 0.42±0.04 L/h kg, respectively. Following i.m. and s.c. administration Marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 2.04±0.32 and 1.64±0.15 mg/L at 0.33±0.16 and 0.50±0.18 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after i.m. and s.c. routes were 123.30±17.64% and 114.81±12.11%, respectively. From these data (kinetic parameters and absence of adverse reactions) Marbofloxacin is likely to be effective in rabbits.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in loggerhead sea turtles caretta caretta after single intravenous and intramuscular doses
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Olimpia Lai, P Marin, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, Giuseppe Crescenzo, E EscuderoAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin at a single dose of 2 mg/kg bodyweight were determined in a crossover trial with five clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after i.v. and i.m. administration. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatog- raphy (LOD/LOQ 0.05 mg/ml). Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. The integrated pharmacoki- netic/pharmacodynamic variables showed that optimal area under the curv e( AUC 0-24 h): minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (.125) and Cmax :M IC ( .8) ratios, as reported for concentration-dependent bactericidal antimicrobials (e.g., fluoroquinolones), were achievable with both a once daily i.v. or i.m. dose for microorganisms with MIC # 0.5 mg/ml, while a Cmax :M IC. 8 for MIC $ 1 mg/ml was achievable only after the i.v. administration. The absence of adverse reactions in the animals after i.v. or i.m. administration of Marbofloxacin and the favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties after a single dose of 2 mg/kg suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
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Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin after a single oral dose to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
Research in veterinary science, 2009Co-Authors: P Marin, C M Carceles, Olimpia Lai, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, A Di Bello, Giuseppe CrescenzoAbstract:Abstract The single-dose disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin (MBX) were determined in clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles ( n = 5) after oral (PO) administration of 2 mg kg −1 bodyweight. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by DAD–HPLC (LOD/LOQ 0.015/0.05 μg ml −1 ). Data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. Following PO administration, Marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 11.66 ± 2.53 mg L −1 at 15.00 ± 3.00 h. The absence of general adverse reactions in the turtles of the study, and the favourable pharmacokinetic properties (long half-life and high maximum plasma concentration) of MBX administered PO at the single-dose of 2 mg kg −1 suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
P. Lees - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors influencing the potency of Marbofloxacin for pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida
Research in Veterinary Science, 2017Co-Authors: L Dorey, S Hobson, P. LeesAbstract:Abstract For the pig respiratory tract pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Marbofloxacin was determined in recommended broths and pig serum at three inoculum strengths. MICs in both growth matrices increased progressively from low, through medium to high starting inoculum counts, 104, 106 and 108 CFU/mL, respectively. P. multocida MIC ratios for high:low inocula were 14:4:1 for broth and 28.2:1 for serum. Corresponding MIC ratios for A. pleuropneumoniae were lower, 4.1:1 (broth) and 9.2:1 (serum). MIC high:low ratios were therefore both growth matrix and bacterial species dependent. The effect of alterations to the chemical composition of broths and serum on MIC were also investigated. Neither adjusting broth or serum pH in six increments over the range 7.0 to 8.0 nor increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations of broth in seven incremental steps significantly affected MICs for either organism. In time-kill studies, the killing action of Marbofloxacin had the characteristics of concentration dependency against both organisms in both growth matrices. It is concluded that MIC and time-kill data for Marbofloxacin, generated in serum, might be preferable to broth data, for predicting dosages of Marbofloxacin for clinical use.
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pharmacodynamics of Marbofloxacin for calf pneumonia pathogens
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: Joanna Illambas, T Potter, Zhangrui Cheng, Andrew N Rycroft, John Fishwick, P. LeesAbstract:The pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the fluoroquinolone, Marbofloxacin, were determined for the bovine respiratory tract pathogens Mannheima haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. For six pathogenic isolates of each organism, three in vitro indices of efficacy and potency were determined, namely, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill curves. Each parameter was determined in two matrices, Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and calf serum. For serum, MBC:MIC ratios were 2.7:1 (M. haemolytica) and 2.4:1 (P. multocida). The killing action of Marbofloxacin had the characteristics of concentration dependency against M. haemolytica and co-dependency (on time and concentration) against P. multocida. To confirm the characteristics of the time-kill profiles, growth inhibition produced by Marbofloxacin was also established ex vivo in three biological fluids, calf serum, exudate and transudate, harvested from a tissue cage model. The in vitro time-kill data were modelled with pharmacokinetic properties of Marbofloxacin, established by intramuscular administration in calves at a dose of 2 mg/kg; three levels of activity, namely bacteriostatic, 3 log10 reduction and 4 log10 reduction in bacterial counts were determined. Mean AUC(24h)/MIC values (with percentage coefficients of variation indicating inter-isolate variability) for M. haemolytica, based on serum MICs, were 31.3 (41.6), 57.7 (42.4) and 79.2 (44.6) h, respectively. Corresponding values for MHB were 20.5 (58.0), 40.5 (51.8) and 51.2 (24.30) h, respectively. When allowance was made for binding of Marbofloxacin to serum protein, the AUC(24h)/MIC values for serum were similar to those for MHB. Numerical AUC(24h)/MIC values for P. multocida were slightly lower than those obtained for M. haemolytica. These data establish for the first time inter-isolate variability in AUC(24h)/MIC values required for three levels of bacterial kill for two pathogenic species and thereby provide an indication of variability in serum concentration that might be required to achieve efficacy in clinical subjects.
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pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of Marbofloxacin in calves for mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida
Veterinary Journal, 2013Co-Authors: T J Potter, Andrew N Rycroft, J Illambas, Ludovic Pelligand, P. LeesAbstract:Abstract The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of Marbofloxacin were established in calves for six strains of each of the pneumonia pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida . The distribution of Marbofloxacin into inflamed (exudate) and non-inflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids allowed comparison with the serum concentration–time profile. To establish the PD profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) and calf serum. Moderately higher MICs were obtained for serum compared to MHB. An initial integration of PK–PD data established C max /MIC ratios of 45.0 and AUC 24h /MIC values of 174.7 h, based on serum MICs, for both bacterial species. Using bacterial time-kill curves, generated ex vivo for serum Marbofloxacin concentrations, PK–PD modelling established three levels of growth inhibition: AUC 24h /MIC ratios for no reduction, 3 log 10 and 4 log 10 reductions in bacterial count from the initial inoculum count were 41.9, 59.5 and 68.0 h for M. haemolytica and 48.6, 64.9 and 74.8 h for P. multocida , on average respectively. Inter-strain variability for 3 log 10 and 4 log 10 reductions in bacterial count was smaller for P. multocida than for M. haemolytica . In conjunction with literature data on MIC 90 values, the present results allowed prediction of dosages for efficacy for each organism for the three levels of growth inhibition.
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pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic integration of Marbofloxacin in calf serum exudate and transudate
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2002Co-Authors: Shojaee F Aliabadi, P. LeesAbstract:Aliabadi, F. S., Lees, P. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of Marbofloxacin in calf serum, exudate and transudate. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.25, 161–174. Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug used in cattle for the treatment of respiratory infections. In this investigation the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Marbofloxacin were determined after intravenous and intramuscular dosing at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. In addition the ex vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) of the drug were determined in serum and three types of tissue cage fluid (transudate, inflammatory exudate generated by carrageenan and exudate generated by lipopolysaccharide). Marbofloxacin PK was characterized by a high volume of distribution after dosing by both routes (1.28 L/kg intravenous and 1.25 L/kg intramuscular). Corresponding area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and elimination half-life (t½el) values were 9.99 and 10.11 μg h/mL and 4.23 and 4.33 h, respectively. Values of AUC for carrageenan-induced exudate, lipopolysaccharide-induced exudate and transudate were, respectively, 8.28, 7.83 and 7.75 μg h/mL after intravenous and 8.84, 8.53 and 8.52 μg h/mL after intramuscular dosing. Maximum concentration (Cmax) values were similar for the three tissue cage fluids after intravenous and intramuscular dosing. For in vivo PK data values of AUC: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (AUIC) ratio for serum were 250 and 253, respectively, after intravenous and intramuscular dosing of Marbofloxacin against a pathogenic strain of Mannheimia haemolytica (MIC=0.04 μg/mL). For all tissue cage fluids AUIC values were >194 and >213 after intravenous and intramuscular dosing, and Cmax/MIC ratios were 9 or greater, indicating a likely high level of effectiveness in clinical infections caused by M. haemolytica of MIC 0.04 μg/mL or less. This was confirmed by both in vitro (serum) and ex vivo (serum, exudate and transudate) measurements, which demonstrated a concentration-dependent killing profile for Marbofloxacin against M. haemolytica. Ex vivo, after 24-h incubation, virtually all bacteria were killed (<10 cfu/mL) in all samples collected up to 9 h (serum), 24 h (carrageenan-induced exudate and transudate) and 36 h (lipopolysaccharide-induced exudate). Application of the sigmoid Emax equation to the ex vivo antibacterial data provided, for serum, AUIC24 h values of 37.1 for bacteriostasis, 46.3 for bactericidal activity and 119.6 for elimination of bacteria. These data may be used as a rational basis for setting dosing schedules which optimize clinical efficacy and minimize the opportunities for emergence of resistant organisms.
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pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic integration of Marbofloxacin in calf serum exudate and transudate
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2002Co-Authors: Shojaee F Aliabadi, P. LeesAbstract:Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug used in cattle for the treatment of respiratory infections. In this investigation the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Marbofloxacin were determined after intravenous and intramuscular dosing at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. In addition the ex vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) of the drug were determined in serum and three types of tissue cage fluid (transudate, inflammatory exudate generated by carrageenan and exudate generated by lipopolysaccharide). Marbofloxacin PK was characterized by a high volume of distribution after dosing by both routes (1.28 L/kg intravenous and 1.25 L/kg intramuscular). Corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)el) values were 9.99 and 10.11 microg h/mL and 4.23 and 4.33 h, respectively. Values of AUC for carrageenan-induced exudate, lipopolysaccharide-induced exudate and transudate were, respectively, 8.28, 7.83 and 7.75 microg h/mL after intravenous and 8.84, 8.53 and 8.52 microg h/mL after intramuscular dosing. Maximum concentration (Cmax) values were similar for the three tissue cage fluids after intravenous and intramuscular dosing. For in vivo PK data values of AUC: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (AUIC) ratio for serum were 250 and 253, respectively, after intravenous and intramuscular dosing of Marbofloxacin against a pathogenic strain of Mannheimia haemolytica (MIC=0.04 microg/mL). For all tissue cage fluids AUIC values were >194 and >213 after intravenous and intramuscular dosing, and Cmax/MIC ratios were 9 or greater, indicating a likely high level of effectiveness in clinical infections caused by M. haemolytica of MIC 0.04 microg/mL or less. This was confirmed by both in vitro (serum) and ex vivo (serum, exudate and transudate) measurements, which demonstrated a concentration-dependent killing profile for Marbofloxacin against M. haemolytica. Ex vivo, after 24-h incubation, virtually all bacteria were killed (<10 cfu/mL) in all samples collected up to 9 h (serum), 24 h (carrageenan-induced exudate and transudate) and 36 h (lipopolysaccharide-induced exudate). Application of the sigmoid Emax equation to the ex vivo antibacterial data provided, for serum, AUIC24 h values of 37.1 for bacteriostasis, 46.3 for bactericidal activity and 119.6 for elimination of bacteria. These data may be used as a rational basis for setting dosing schedules which optimize clinical efficacy and minimize the opportunities for emergence of resistant organisms.
Giuseppe Crescenzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in loggerhead sea turtles caretta caretta after single intravenous and intramuscular doses
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Olimpia Lai, P Marin, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, Giuseppe Crescenzo, E EscuderoAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin at a single dose of 2 mg/kg bodyweight were determined in a crossover trial with five clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after i.v. and i.m. administration. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatog- raphy (LOD/LOQ 0.05 mg/ml). Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. The integrated pharmacoki- netic/pharmacodynamic variables showed that optimal area under the curv e( AUC 0-24 h): minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (.125) and Cmax :M IC ( .8) ratios, as reported for concentration-dependent bactericidal antimicrobials (e.g., fluoroquinolones), were achievable with both a once daily i.v. or i.m. dose for microorganisms with MIC # 0.5 mg/ml, while a Cmax :M IC. 8 for MIC $ 1 mg/ml was achievable only after the i.v. administration. The absence of adverse reactions in the animals after i.v. or i.m. administration of Marbofloxacin and the favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties after a single dose of 2 mg/kg suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
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Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin after a single oral dose to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
Research in veterinary science, 2009Co-Authors: P Marin, C M Carceles, Olimpia Lai, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, A Di Bello, Giuseppe CrescenzoAbstract:Abstract The single-dose disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin (MBX) were determined in clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles ( n = 5) after oral (PO) administration of 2 mg kg −1 bodyweight. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by DAD–HPLC (LOD/LOQ 0.015/0.05 μg ml −1 ). Data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. Following PO administration, Marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 11.66 ± 2.53 mg L −1 at 15.00 ± 3.00 h. The absence of general adverse reactions in the turtles of the study, and the favourable pharmacokinetic properties (long half-life and high maximum plasma concentration) of MBX administered PO at the single-dose of 2 mg kg −1 suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
E Escudero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in rabbit after intravenous intramuscular and subcutaneous administration
Research in Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: P Marin, L F Alamo, E Escudero, E Fernandezvaron, Veronica Hernandis, C M CarcelesAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration was determined in rabbits at a single dose of 2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of Marbofloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) and clearance (Cl) of Marbofloxacin after i.v. administration were 1.99±0.27 L/kg and 0.42±0.04 L/h kg, respectively. Following i.m. and s.c. administration Marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 2.04±0.32 and 1.64±0.15 mg/L at 0.33±0.16 and 0.50±0.18 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after i.m. and s.c. routes were 123.30±17.64% and 114.81±12.11%, respectively. From these data (kinetic parameters and absence of adverse reactions) Marbofloxacin is likely to be effective in rabbits.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in loggerhead sea turtles caretta caretta after single intravenous and intramuscular doses
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Olimpia Lai, P Marin, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, Giuseppe Crescenzo, E EscuderoAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin at a single dose of 2 mg/kg bodyweight were determined in a crossover trial with five clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after i.v. and i.m. administration. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatog- raphy (LOD/LOQ 0.05 mg/ml). Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. The integrated pharmacoki- netic/pharmacodynamic variables showed that optimal area under the curv e( AUC 0-24 h): minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (.125) and Cmax :M IC ( .8) ratios, as reported for concentration-dependent bactericidal antimicrobials (e.g., fluoroquinolones), were achievable with both a once daily i.v. or i.m. dose for microorganisms with MIC # 0.5 mg/ml, while a Cmax :M IC. 8 for MIC $ 1 mg/ml was achievable only after the i.v. administration. The absence of adverse reactions in the animals after i.v. or i.m. administration of Marbofloxacin and the favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties after a single dose of 2 mg/kg suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
Olimpia Lai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in loggerhead sea turtles caretta caretta after single intravenous and intramuscular doses
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Olimpia Lai, P Marin, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, Giuseppe Crescenzo, E EscuderoAbstract:The disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin at a single dose of 2 mg/kg bodyweight were determined in a crossover trial with five clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after i.v. and i.m. administration. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatog- raphy (LOD/LOQ 0.05 mg/ml). Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. The integrated pharmacoki- netic/pharmacodynamic variables showed that optimal area under the curv e( AUC 0-24 h): minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (.125) and Cmax :M IC ( .8) ratios, as reported for concentration-dependent bactericidal antimicrobials (e.g., fluoroquinolones), were achievable with both a once daily i.v. or i.m. dose for microorganisms with MIC # 0.5 mg/ml, while a Cmax :M IC. 8 for MIC $ 1 mg/ml was achievable only after the i.v. administration. The absence of adverse reactions in the animals after i.v. or i.m. administration of Marbofloxacin and the favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties after a single dose of 2 mg/kg suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.
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Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin after a single oral dose to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
Research in veterinary science, 2009Co-Authors: P Marin, C M Carceles, Olimpia Lai, Pietro Laricchiuta, Giacomo Marzano, A Di Bello, Giuseppe CrescenzoAbstract:Abstract The single-dose disposition kinetics of Marbofloxacin (MBX) were determined in clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles ( n = 5) after oral (PO) administration of 2 mg kg −1 bodyweight. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by DAD–HPLC (LOD/LOQ 0.015/0.05 μg ml −1 ). Data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. Following PO administration, Marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 11.66 ± 2.53 mg L −1 at 15.00 ± 3.00 h. The absence of general adverse reactions in the turtles of the study, and the favourable pharmacokinetic properties (long half-life and high maximum plasma concentration) of MBX administered PO at the single-dose of 2 mg kg −1 suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.