The Experts below are selected from a list of 111876 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrea Fazio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
D A Treichel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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atomic force microscopy and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy i ag island films and ag film over polymer nanosphere surfaces supported on glass
Journal of Chemical Physics, 1993Co-Authors: R P Van Duyne, John C Hulteen, D A TreichelAbstract:The surface roughness and nanometer scale structure of Ag films used for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two important types of thin film based SERS‐active surface have been examined in this study: (1) Ag island films (AgIF’s) on smooth, insulating substrates and (2) thick Ag films evaporated over both preroughened and smooth substrates. AFM is demonstrated to be capable of quantitatively defining the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of these roughened surfaces. The effects of Mass Thickness, dm, and thermal annealing on the nanostructure of AgIF’s are studied in detail. Particle size histograms are calculated from the AFM images for both ‘‘as‐deposited’’ and annealed IF’s with dm=1.8 and 3.5 nm. Quantitative measurements of the SERS enhancement factor (EF) are coupled with the AFM data and interpreted within the framework of the electromagnetic theory of SERS. AFM images for thick evaporated Ag films over a monolayer of polymer nanospheres (...
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atomic force microscopy and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy i ag island films and ag film over polymer nanosphere surfaces supported on glass
Journal of Chemical Physics, 1993Co-Authors: R P Van Duyne, John C Hulteen, D A TreichelAbstract:The surface roughness and nanometer scale structure of Ag films used for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two important types of thin film based SERS‐active surface have been examined in this study: (1) Ag island films (AgIF’s) on smooth, insulating substrates and (2) thick Ag films evaporated over both preroughened and smooth substrates. AFM is demonstrated to be capable of quantitatively defining the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of these roughened surfaces. The effects of Mass Thickness, dm, and thermal annealing on the nanostructure of AgIF’s are studied in detail. Particle size histograms are calculated from the AFM images for both ‘‘as‐deposited’’ and annealed IF’s with dm=1.8 and 3.5 nm. Quantitative measurements of the SERS enhancement factor (EF) are coupled with the AFM data and interpreted within the framework of the electromagnetic theory of SERS. AFM images for thick evaporated Ag films over a monolayer of polymer nanospheres (AgFON) shows the clear presence of ‘‘random substructure roughness’’ reducing their utility as controlled roughness surfaces. Similar roughness structures are observed for thick evaporated Ag films on smooth, insulating substrates. Nevertheless, AgFON surfaces are demonstrated to be among the most strongly enhancing thin film based surfaces ever studied with EF’s comparable to those found for electrochemically roughened surfaces. Applications of FON surfaces to ultrahigh sensitivity SERS, anti‐Stokes detected SERS, and surface‐enhanced hyper‐Raman spectroscopy (SEHRS) are reported.
Cristina Baglivo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
Paolo Maria Congedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi objective optimization analysis for high efficiency external walls of zero energy buildings zeb in the mediterranean climate
Energy and Buildings, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Fazio, Domenico LaforgiaAbstract:Abstract ZEBs in Europe adopt a technology of light multi-layered walls by using structural materials with low density, thermal isolation, wide Thickness, low specific weight, low Mass accumulation, to achieve very low steady thermal transmittance. These techniques work toward bringing down winter heating costs. In the Mediterranean area, the thermal overload is irreversible when radiation is not controlled and the free supply of heat indoors is mismanaged. The characteristics of multi-layered walls do not yield typical passive heating system benefits because there are not large surfaces with thermal accumulation Mass that are capable of storing heat when necessary, and discharge it once the effect of solar radiation is exhausted. A multi-objective analysis is key to obtaining several types of high energetic efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, through the combination of various materials. The analysis is carried out in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness. The results show that the superficial Mass of the external wall has important to obtain the best performance in the warm climate. It is possible to reach high performance in the summertime also by lighter and thinner walls.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
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multi criteria optimization analysis of external walls according to itaca protocol for zero energy buildings in the mediterranean climate
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Baglivo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea FazioAbstract:Abstract Given the recent worldwide environmental issues, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions of the building sector, keeping in mind the whole life cycle assessment of construction materials. Determining the sustainability of the products is complex, and the presence of one or more “eco” features does not necessarily make it “eco” in its entirety. The ITACA Protocol for environmental sustainability promotes the use of recycled, renewable and locally sourced materials. A multi-criteria analysis has been carried out in order to identify high energy efficiency external walls for ZEBs in the Mediterranean climate, privileging eco-friendly building materials. The modeFRONTIER optimization tool, by the use of calculation procedures developed in Matlab, was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of building components. The optimization was performed in terms of steady thermal transmittance, periodic thermal transmittance, decrement factor, time shift, areal heat capacity, thermal admittance, surface Mass, Thickness and ITACA score. A method for the design of new low-cost residential buildings will be defined; in particular, the final aim is to determine not a single optimal solution, but a set of possible external wall configurations among which the designer can choose the proper solution for his application, according to the Pareto front of the multi-criteria problem. The results underline that, in a warm climate, the best sequences of layers are with high surface Mass for the first layer (internal side), followed by common insulating materials for the middle layer and eco-friendly insulating materials for the outer layer.
S N Alhussain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of masonry material and surface absorptivity on critical thermal Mass in insulated building walls
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Sami A Alsanea, M F Zedan, S N AlhussainAbstract:Abstract Effects of type of masonry material and surface absorptivity to solar radiation on critical thermal Mass Thickness in insulated building walls are investigated for a fixed wall nominal thermal resistance ( R n -value). The concepts of “thermal-Mass energy-savings potential” (Δ) and “critical thermal Mass Thickness” ( L mas , cr ), developed in a previous study, are utilized to determine the thermal Mass Thickness required for a desired percentage energy savings. Transmission loads are calculated under the climatic data of Riyadh, assuming steady periodic conditions, by using a previously validated computer model. Effects of masonry materials are investigated by using solid and hollow concrete blocks, while surface absorptivity ( λ ) influence is studied for λ = 0.4 and 0.2. Walls are considered where thermal Mass is located on the inside or on the outside relative to insulation layer. Thermal Mass Thickness is varied between 0 and 50 cm while keeping R n -value constant. The results show that for a given critical thermal Mass Thickness, higher energy savings potential is obtained with: (i) walls with solid concrete blocks, (ii) walls with lower surface absorptivity, and (iii) walls with inside thermal Mass. Charts are developed for L mas , cr versus Δ under the different conditions for the benefit of building envelope designers.
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effect of thermal Mass on performance of insulated building walls and the concept of energy savings potential
Applied Energy, 2012Co-Authors: Sami A Alsanea, M F Zedan, S N AlhussainAbstract:Abstract Effects of varying amount and location of thermal Mass on dynamic heat-transfer characteristics of insulated building walls with same nominal resistance (Rn-value) are investigated numerically under steady periodic conditions using climatic data of Riyadh. Concepts of “thermal-Mass energy-savings potential” (Δ) and “critical thermal-Mass Thickness” (Lmas,cr) are developed and utilized in order to determine thermal Mass Thickness (Lmas) required for a selected desirable percentage of energy savings. Results show that daily transmission loads are not affected by Lmas for representative days of months in summer and winter. However, for moderate months, daily cooling and heating transmission loads decrease with increasing Lmas and either diminish to zero or be reduced asymptotically to constant values. For all months, peak transmission loads and decrement factor decrease, while time lag increases, with increasing Lmas. For a given Lmas, a wall with outside insulation gives better overall performance than a wall with inside insulation. While Rn-value is constant, wall dynamic resistance (Rd-value) changes and represents actual variations in transmission loads. For Δ in the range 70–99%, Lmas,cr ranges between 6 and 30 cm by using heavyweight concrete. It is found that maximum savings in yearly cooling and heating transmission loads are about 17% and 35%, respectively, as a result of optimizing Lmas for same Rn-value. It is recommended that building walls should contain Lmas,cr that corresponds to high Δ (≈95%) and with insulation placed on outside for applications with continuously operating year-round AC.