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Robert B Tesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evolutionary and ecological characterization of Mayaro Virus strains isolated during an outbreak venezuela 2010
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2015
    Co-Authors: Albert J Auguste, Kanya C Long, Jonathan Liria, Naomi L Forrester, Dileyvic Giambalvo, Maria Moncada, Dulce Moron, Nuris De Manzione, Robert B Tesh
    Abstract:

    In 2010, an outbreak of febrile illness with arthralgic manifestations was detected at La Estacion village, Portuguesa State, Venezuela. The etiologic agent was determined to be Mayaro Virus (MAYV), a reemerging South American alphaVirus. A total of 77 cases was reported and 19 were confirmed as seropositive. MAYV was isolated from acute-phase serum samples from 6 symptomatic patients. We sequenced 27 complete genomes representing the full spectrum of MAYV genetic diversity, which facilitated detection of a new genotype, designated N. Phylogenetic analysis of genomic sequences indicated that etiologic strains from Venezuela belong to genotype D. Results indicate that MAYV is highly conserved genetically, showing ≈17% nucleotide divergence across all 3 genotypes and 4% among genotype D strains in the most variable genes. Coalescent analyses suggested genotypes D and L diverged ≈150 years ago and genotype diverged N ≈250 years ago. This Virus commonly infects persons residing near enzootic transmission foci because of anthropogenic incursions.

  • hunting in the rainforest and Mayaro Virus infection an emerging alphaVirus in ecuador
    Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ricardo Izurieta, Maurizio Macaluso, Douglas M Watts, Robert B Tesh, Bolivar Guerra, Ligia M Cruz, Sagar Galwankar, Sten H Vermund
    Abstract:

    Objectives: The objectives of this report were to document the potential presence of Mayaro Virus infection in Ecuador and to examine potential risk factors for Mayaro Virus infection among the personnel of a military garrison in the Amazonian rainforest. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of the personnel of a garrison located in the Ecuadorian Amazonian rainforest. The cross-sectional study employed interviews and seroepidemiological methods. Humoral immune response to Mayaro Virus infection was assessed by evaluating IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies using ELISA. Results: Of 338 subjects studied, 174 were from the Coastal zone of Ecuador, 73 from Andean zone, and 91 were native to the Amazonian rainforest. Seroprevalence of Mayaro Virus infection was more than 20 times higher among Amazonian natives (46%) than among subjects born in other areas (2%). Conclusions: Age and hunting in the rainforest were significant predictors of Mayaro Virus infection overall and among Amazonian natives. The results provide the first demonstration of the potential presence of Mayaro Virus infection in Ecuador and a systematic evaluation of risk factors for the transmission of this alphaVirus. The large difference in prevalence rates between Amazonian natives and other groups and between older and younger natives suggest that Mayaro Virus is endemic and enzootic in the rainforest, with sporadic outbreaks that determine differences in risk between birth cohorts of natives. Deep forest hunting may selectively expose native men, descendants of the Shuar and Huaronai ethnic groups, to the arthropod vectors of Mayaro Virus in areas close to primate reservoirs.

  • experimental transmission of Mayaro Virus by aedes aegypti
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011
    Co-Authors: Kanya C Long, Sarah A Ziegler, Saravanan Thangamani, Nicole Hausser, Tadeusz J Kochel, Stephen Higgs, Robert B Tesh
    Abstract:

    Outbreaks of Mayaro fever have been associated with a sylvatic cycle of Mayaro Virus (MAYV) transmis- sion in South America. To evaluate the potential for a common urban mosquito to transmit MAYV, laboratory vector competence studies were performed with Aedes aegypti from Iquitos, Peru. Oral infection in Ae. aegypti ranged from 0% (0/31) to 84% (31/37), with blood meal Virus titers between 3.4 log 10 and 7.3 log 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. Transmission of MAYV by 70% (21/30) of infected mosquitoes was shown by saliva collection and exposure to suckling mice. Amount of viral RNA in febrile humans, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ranged from 2.7 to 5.3 log 10 PFU equivalents/mL. Oral susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to MAYV at titers encountered in viremic humans may limit opportunities to initiate an urban cycle; however, transmission of MAYV by Ae. aegypti shows the vector competence of this species and suggests potential for urban transmission.

  • Mayaro Virus disease an emerging mosquito borne zoonosis in tropical
    1999
    Co-Authors: Robert B Tesh, Douglas M Watts, Kevin L Russell, Chitra Damodaran, Carlos Calampa, Cesar Cabezas, Gladys Ramirez, Bruno Vasquez, Curtis G Hayes, Cynthia A Rossi
    Abstract:

    This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro Virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3 ‐ 5 days’ duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically.

  • Mayaro Virus disease an emerging mosquito borne zoonosis in tropical south america
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Robert B Tesh, Douglas M Watts, Kevin L Russell, Chitra Damodaran, Carlos Calampa, Cesar Cabezas, Gladys Ramirez, Bruno Vasquez, Curtis G Hayes, Cynthia A Rossi
    Abstract:

    This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro Virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically.

Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the nlrp3 inflammasome is involved with the pathogenesis of Mayaro Virus
    PLOS Pathogens, 2019
    Co-Authors: Luiza Antunes De Castrojorge, Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli, Renan V H De Carvalho, Taline Monteiro Klein, Carlos Hiroji Hiroki, Alexandre H Lopes, Rafaela M Guimaraes, Vitor Goncalves Floriano, Mayara Rovariz Agostinho, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
    Abstract:

    Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is an arboVirus that circulates in Latin America and is emerging as a potential threat to public health. Infected individuals develop Mayaro fever, a severe inflammatory disease characterized by high fever, rash, arthralgia, myalgia and headache. The disease is often associated with a prolonged arthralgia mediated by a chronic inflammation that can last months. Although the immune response against other arboViruses, such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), dengue Virus (DENV) and Zika Virus (ZIKV), has been extensively studied, little is known about the pathogenesis of MAYV infection. In this study, we established models of MAYV infection in macrophages and in mice and found that MAYV can replicate in bone marrow-derived macrophages and robustly induce expression of inflammasome proteins, such as NLRP3, ASC, AIM2, and Caspase-1 (CASP1). Infection performed in macrophages derived from Nlrp3-/-, Aim2-/-, Asc-/-and Casp1/11-/-mice indicate that the NLRP3, but not AIM2 inflammasome is essential for production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. We also determined that MAYV triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potassium efflux. In vivo infections performed in inflammasome-deficient mice indicate that NLRP3 is involved with footpad swelling, inflammation and pain, establishing a role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the MAYV pathogenesis. Accordingly, we detected higher levels of caspase1-p20, IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum of MAYV-infected patients as compared to healthy individuals, supporting the participation of the NLRP3-inflammasome during MAYV infection in humans.

  • development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies targeting recombinant envelope protein 2 of Mayaro Virus
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko, Marilia Farignoli Romeiro, William Marciel De Souza, Michell Charles De Souza Costa, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is a neglected arthropod-borne Virus (arboVirus) antigenically clustered into the Semliki Forest complex group of AlphaVirus genus (Togaviridae family), maintained in an unclear zoonotic cycle involving mosquitoes from Haemagogus genus as the main vector. The genome is composed of a positive single-stranded RNA of 11.5 kb in length, which contains two genes that encode four nonstructural (nsP1 to nsP4) and five structural (C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1) proteins. In the present study, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using as antigen the recombinant envelope protein 2 of MAYV produced in an Escherichia coli system (rE2-MAYV ELISAs). A panel of 68 human serum samples from suspected arboviral cases was analyzed and titrated for anti-MAYV IgM and IgG antibody detection. The rE2-MAYV ELISA detected 33.8% (23/68) IgG-positive samples, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and 78.95% specificity compared to the MAYV-specific 50% plaque reduction neutralization assay. In addition, the positive MAYV-neutralizing samples showed high titers of detection by rE2-MAYV ELISA, suggesting a highly sensitive test. The rE2-MAYV ELISA also detected 42.5% (29/68) IgM-positive samples, of which 13.8% (4/29) presented high-avidity interactions with rE2-MAYV. Cross-reactivity was observed with Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)-specific murine antibody sample but not with CHIKV-specific human and other AlphaVirus murine antibodies. In short, we have developed a rapid, simple, specific, and sensitive MAYV rE2-ELISA, and our preliminary results show its potential applicability to diagnosis of MAYV infections.

  • natural vertical infection by dengue Virus serotype 4 zika Virus and Mayaro Virus in aedes stegomyia aegypti and aedes stegomyia albopictus
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2019
    Co-Authors: L M S Maia, M C F Bezerra, M C S Costa, E M Souza, M E B Oliveira, A L M Ribeiro, R D Miyazaki, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
    Abstract:

    Vertical transmission to progeny ensures the maintenance of arboViruses in their natural vectors. This mechanism is largely reported for dengue Virus (DENV) and yellow fever Virus (YFV). Few studies have addressed this mechanism for Zika Virus (ZIKV), Mayaro Virus (MAYV) and other arboViruses. The present study investigated the natural infection rate by arboViruses in 4490 Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and 296 Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) reared from eggs collected with ovitraps in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso State, from February to July, 2017. After viral RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction protocols for 10 flaviViruses and five alphaViruses, nucleotide sequencing and three passages in C6/36 cells, eight pools of Ae. aegypti positive for DENV-4 genotype II, seven for ZIKV Asian genotype and two for MAYV genotype L were found. In addition, two Ae. albopictus pools were positive for DENV-4 genotype II and two were positive for ZIKV Asian genotype. Infection was confirmed by viral isolation in all positive pools for DENV-4 and for MAYV and in eight of nine for ZIKV. This mechanism may contribute to the spread of arboViruses during epidemics and also to their maintenance in natural vectors during interepidemic periods.

  • Mayaro Virus and dengue Virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil
    Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde, 2016
    Co-Authors: Otacília Pereira Serra, Fábio Alexandre Leal Dos Santos, Belgath Fernandes Cardoso, Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to verify the diversity of Culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviViruses and alphaViruses in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mosquitoes were captured with Nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). Female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 11 flaviVirus and five alphaVirus. Positive pools were tested by single RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing, by RT-PCR for E1 gene [Mayaro Virus (MAYV)] and by inoculation in Vero cells (MAYV) or C6/36 cells (flaviViruses). One/171 Aedes aegypti was positive for dengue Virus (DENV)-1, 12/403 Culex quinquefasciatus, and four/171Ae. aegypti for MAYV, which was isolated from two pools containing two nonengorged females of Ae. aegypti and two ofCx. quinquefasciatus. DENV-4 was detected in 58/171 pools of Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 Cx. quinquefasciatus, two/five Psorophora sp., two/11 Psorophora varipes/Psorophora albigenu, one/one Sabethes chloropterus, two/five Culex bidens/Culex interfor, and one/one Aedes sp. DENV-4 was isolated from two pools containing three and 16 nonengorged Cx. quinquefasciatus females. Phylogenetic analysis revealed MAYV belongs to genotype L, clustering with human samples of the Virus previously identified in the city. Cuiabá has biodiversity and ecosystem favourable for vector proliferation, representing a risk for arboVirus outbreaks

  • Molecular detection of Mayaro Virus during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil
    Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nayara Zuchi, Letícia Borges Da Silva Heinen, Marcelo Adriano Mendes Dos Santos, Fernanda Carla Pereira, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
    Abstract:

    Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is frequently reported in Pan-Amazonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of alphaViruses during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Serum samples from dengue-suspected patients were subjected to multiplex semi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for 11 flaviViruses and five alphaViruses, to nucleotide sequencing and to viral isolation. MAYV was detected in 15 (2.5%) of 604 patients. Twelve were co-infected with dengue Virus 4, which was isolated from 10 patients. The molecular detection of MAYV in dengue-suspected patients suggests that other arboViruses may be silently circulating during dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

Cintia Lopes De Brito Magalhaes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • virucidal activity of proanthocyanidin against Mayaro Virus
    Antiviral Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ariane Coelho Ferraz, Thais De Fatima Silva Moraes, Waleska Stephanie Da Cruz Nizer, Michelli Dos Santos, Antonio Helvecio Totola, Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira, Sidney Augusto Vieirafilho, Vanessa Goncalves Rodrigues, Lucienir Pains Duarte, Cintia Lopes De Brito Magalhaes
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is a sublethal arboVirus transmitted by mosquitoes with possible installation of an urban cycle in the Americas. Its infection causes disabling arthralgia, and still, there is no vaccine or treatment to it. We recently investigated nearly 600 compounds by molecular docking and identified epicatechin as a potent antiviral against MAYV. The root extract of Maytenus imbricata showed anti-MAYV activity and two isolated compounds from this plant were also evaluated in vitro. Proanthocyanidin (PAC), a dimer containing epicatechin, showed an effective concentration for 50% of the cells infected by MAYV (EC50) of 37.9 ± 2.4 μM and a selectivity index (SI) above 40. PAC showed significant virucidal activity, inhibiting 100% of the Virus proliferation (7 log units), and caused moderate effect during adsorption and Virus internalization stage. However, PAC was unable to block the infection when only the cells were pretreated. It was observed a reduction in Virus yields when adding PAC at different moments after infection. The set of results indicates that PAC binds to viral and non-cellular elements and may inactivate the MAYV. The inactivation occurs before infection or when the Virus reaches the extracellular environment from the 2nd cycle of infection that could block its progression cell-to-cell or to tissues not yet infected.

  • antiviral activity of silymarin against Mayaro Virus and protective effect in Virus induced oxidative stress
    Antiviral Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fernanda Caetano Camini, Ariane Coelho Ferraz, Camila Carla Da Silva Caetano, Leticia Trindade Almeida, Breno De Mello Silva, Silvana De Queiroz Silva, Jose Carlos De Magalhaes, Tales Fernando Da Silva, Veronica Maria Alves Vitoreti, Cintia Lopes De Brito Magalhaes
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is a neglected arboVirus belonging to the family Togaviridae. Its infection leads to Mayaro fever, with clinical manifestations such as fever, myalgia, headache, rash, arthralgia, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most prominent complaint from infected person is the long-lasting arthritis/arthralgia. The treatment for Mayaro fever is mainly symptom-based and there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs currently available, thus, natural products with anti-MAYV activity may provide a potential alternative. Recent evidences suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in MAYV infection and compounds capable of modulating oxidative stress could represent a novel therapeutic approach in modulating MAYV-associated oxidative cellular damage. Silymarin is a complex extracted of Silybum marianum, or milk thistle, and its major active compound is silybin, which has a remarkable biological effect. Its antioxidant and antiviral effects, including its antiviral activity against the Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), prompted us to think whether silymarin could also reduce the replication of the MAYV and restore the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in the context of MAYV infection, leading to reduced cellular oxidative stress. We assessed the antiviral activity and protective effect of silymarin against oxidative stress in MAYV-infected HepG2 cells. Cytopathic effect inhibition, viral replication, and plaque reduction assays were used to determine the anti-MAYV activity of silymarin. Additionally, we determined whether silymarin could reduce MAYV-induced oxidative cell damage. Briefly, silymarin exhibited potent antiviral activity against MAYV and reduced MAYV-induced ROS formation and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein, which are biomarkers of oxidative stress. In conclusion, the ability of silymarin to inhibit MAYV replication and attenuate MAYV-induce oxidative stress warrants further investigation of this compound as a novel therapeutic approach to Mayaro fever disease.

  • evaluation of the activity of tontelea micrantha extracts against bacteria candida and Mayaro Virus
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2018
    Co-Authors: Waleska Stephanie Cruz, Ariane Coelho Ferraz, Thais De Fatima Silva Moraes, Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira, Lucienir Pains Duarte, Cintia Lopes De Brito Magalhaes, William Gustavo Lima, Fernanda L Ferreira, Sidney Augusto Vieira Filho, Jose Carlos De Magalhaes
    Abstract:

    Objectives: This work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-Mayaro Virus(MAYV) activity of leaf and branch extracts from Tontelea micrantha. Materials and Methods: T. micrantha extracts were prepared through the partition of the leaf and branch samples in different solvents. Then, the antibacterial and antifungal activity was assessed against bacterial pathogens and Candida sp. by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution method. The activity against anti-MAYV was evaluated through the quantification of the extract concentration that promoted the protection of 50% of the cells after the viral infection. Results: The extracts of T. micrantha were inactive (MIC >500 μg/mL) against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and Candida species at the highest concentration tested (500 μg/mL). Anti-MAYV activity was also not detected, with SI <10, ranging from 1.2 to 3.6. Conclusion: Although it is used in traditional medicine, Leaf and branch extracts from T. micrantha did not present antimicrobial activity, which could be caused by the antagonistic effect of the compounds present in the extract.

  • oxidative stress in Mayaro Virus infection
    Virus Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Fernanda Caetano Camini, Camila Carla Da Silva Caetano, Leticia Trindade Almeida, Joyce Ferreira Da Costa Guerra, Breno De Mello Silva, Silvana De Queiroz Silva, Jose Carlos De Magalhaes, Cintia Lopes De Brito Magalhaes
    Abstract:

    Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is a neglected tropical arboVirus that causes a febrile syndrome that is sometimes accompanied by incapacitating arthritis/arthralgia. The pathogenesis of MAYV has not been completely defined and oxidative stress mediated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or depletion of antioxidant defences has been found to contribute to several aspects of viral disease. To investigate whether MAYV induced oxidative stress in host cells, we monitored ROS production, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defences at different time points after infection. Our results show that MAYV induced significant oxidative stress in infected HepG2 cells, as indicated by the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl levels, and by a significant decrease of the reduced versus oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Generally, MAYV-infected HepG2 cells also showed an increase in antioxidant defences. We observed an increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and the total glutathione content. To determine whether similar effects occurred in other cell types, we evaluated the ROS, MDA and SOD activity levels in J774 cells after MAYV infection. Similar to our observations in HepG2 cells, the J774 cells showed an increase in ROS, MDA and total SOD activity following MAYV infection. Thus, since the cellular redox environment is influenced by the production and removal of ROS, we hypothesize that the overproduction of ROS was responsible for the oxidative stress in response to the MAYV infection despite the increase in the antioxidant status. This study is the first report on the involvement of oxidative stress during MAYV infection. Collectively, our data shed light on some mechanisms that are operational in host cells following exposure to MAYV.

Laura D Kramer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transmission potential of Mayaro Virus by aedes albopictus and anopheles quadrimaculatus from the usa
    Parasites & Vectors, 2020
    Co-Authors: Constentin Dieme, Alexander T Ciota, Laura D Kramer
    Abstract:

    Mayaro Virus (MAYV; AlphaVirus, Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen endemic in South American countries. The increase in intercontinental travel and tourism-based forest excursions has resulted in an increase in MAYV spread, with imported cases observed in Europe and North America. Intriguingly, no local transmission of MAYV has been reported outside South America, despite the presence of potential vectors. We assessed the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for MAYV. The results show that Ae. albopictus from New York and An. quadrimaculatus are competent vectors for MAYV. However, Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to infection. Transmission rates increased with time for both species, with rates of 37.16 and 64.44% for Ae. albopictus, and of 25.15 and 48.44% for An. quadrimaculatus, respectively, at 7 and 14 days post-infection. Our results suggest there is a risk of further MAYV spread throughout the Americas and autochthonous transmission in the USA. Preventive measures, such as mosquito surveillance of MAYV, will be essential for early detection.

Claude Flamand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reconstructing Mayaro Virus circulation in French Guiana shows frequent spillovers.
    Nature Communications, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nathanaël Hozé, Henrik Salje, Dominique Rousset, Camille Fritzell, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Sarah Bailly, Matthieu Najm, Antoine Enfissi, Jean-claude Manuguerra, Claude Flamand
    Abstract:

    Characterizing the circulation of Mayaro Virus (MAYV), an emerging arboVirus threat, is essential for risk assessment but challenging due to cross-reactivity with other alphaViruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV). Here, we develop an analytical framework to jointly assess MAYV epidemiology and the extent of cross-reactivity with CHIKV from serological data collected throughout French Guiana (N = 2697). We find strong evidence of an important sylvatic cycle for MAYV with most infections occurring near the natural reservoir in rural areas and in individuals more likely to go to the forest (i.e., adult males) and with seroprevalences of up to 18% in some areas. These findings highlight the need to strengthen MAYV surveillance in the region and showcase how modeling can improve interpretation of cross-reacting assays. Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is an emerging arboVirus, but cross-reactivity with other alphaViruses makes analysis of its epidemiology difficult. Here, the authors develop an analytical framework to assess MAYV epidemiology and find evidence for an important sylvatic cycle and seroprevalences of up to 18% in some areas of French Guiana.