The Experts below are selected from a list of 19122 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lise Rodat-despoix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Molecular mechanisms of Mechanotransduction in mammalian sensory neurons
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Patrick Delmas, Lise Rodat-despoixAbstract:The somatosensory system mediates fundamental physiological functions, including the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. This variety of functions is matched by a diverse array of mechanosensory neurons that respond to force in a specific fashion. Mechanotransduction begins at the sensory nerve endings, which rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Progress has been made in establishing the functional properties of mechanoreceptors, but it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level. However, in the past few years, new functional assays have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identity of mechanotransducer channels in mammalian sensory neurons. The recent identification of novel families of proteins as mechanosensing molecules will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mammalian somatosensation. Mechanotransduction, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into a biological response, constitutes the basis of fundamental physiological processes, including the senses of touch and pain. In mammals, detection of mechanical forces by the somatosensory system is performed by primary afferent neurons that project long axons to the skin and to deeper body structures. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors are specialized to detect a wide range of mechanical stimuli including light brush of the skin, texture, vibration, touch and noxious pressure. The ability of these mechanoreceptors to detect mechanical cues relies on the presence of mechanosensitive channels on the sensory nerve endings that rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Although it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level, recent studies have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identities of mechanosensitive channels in mammalian sensory neurons. Such analyses suggest that mechanical stimulation activates cation channels that differ in their sensitivity to pressure and desensitization rates, and that may define different classes of mechanotransducer channels. Although the molecular characterization of mechanosensitive channels remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that transient receptor potential cation channel ankyrin1 (TRPA1) as well as piezo proteins contribute to the mechanotranducer apparatus in mammalian sensory neurons. Molecular identification of transducer channels will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction in mammals and of its impairments in disease and post-traumatic states. Mechanotransduction — the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal — underpins the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. Delmas and colleagues review emerging data on the characteristics of mechanosensitive currents in mammalian sensory neurons and discuss candidate proteins that might constitute the underlying mechanotransducer channels.
-
Molecular mechanisms of Mechanotransduction in mammalian sensory neurons
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Patrick Delmas, Jizhe Hao, Lise Rodat-despoixAbstract:The somatosensory system mediates fundamental physiological functions, including the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. This variety of functions is matched by a diverse array of mechanosensory neurons that respond to force in a specific fashion. Mechanotransduction begins at the sensory nerve endings, which rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Progress has been made in establishing the functional properties of mechanoreceptors, but it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level. However, in the past few years, new functional assays have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identity of mechanotransducer channels in mammalian sensory neurons. The recent identification of novel families of proteins as mechanosensing molecules will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mammalian somatosensation.
Martin A Schwartz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
integrins in Mechanotransduction
Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Tyler D Ross, Brian Bg Coon, Nicolas Baeyens, Keiichiro Tanaka, Mingxing Ouyang, Martin A SchwartzAbstract:Forces acting on cells govern many important regulatory events during development, normal physiology, and disease processes. Integrin-mediated adhesions, which transmit forces between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton, play a central role in transducing effects of forces to regulate cell functions. Recent work has led to major insights into the molecular mechanisms by which these adhesions respond to forces to control cellular signaling pathways. We briefly summarize effects of forces on organs, tissues, and cells; and then discuss recent advances toward understanding molecular mechanisms.
-
cell adhesion receptors in Mechanotransduction
Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Martin A Schwartz, Douglas W DesimoneAbstract:Integrins and cadherins are tri-functional: they bind ligands on other cells or in the extracellular matrix, connect to the cytoskeleton inside the cell, and regulate intracellular signaling pathways. These adhesion receptors therefore transmit mechanical stresses and are well positioned to mediate Mechanotransduction. Studies of cultured cells have shown that both integrin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion are intrinsically mechanosensitive. Strengthening of adhesions in response to mechanical stimulation may be a central mechanism for Mechanotransduction. Studies of developing organisms suggest that these mechanisms contribute to tissue level responses to tension and compression, thereby linking morphogenetic movements to cell fate decisions.
-
mechanisms of Mechanotransduction
Developmental Cell, 2006Co-Authors: Brian P Helmke, Brett R Blackman, Martin A SchwartzAbstract:Essentially all organisms from bacteria to humans are mechanosensitive. Physical forces regulate a large array of physiological processes, and dysregulation of mechanical responses contributes to major human diseases. A survey of both specialized and widely expressed mechanosensitive systems suggests that physical forces provide a general means of altering protein conformation to generate signals. Specialized systems differ mainly in having acquired efficient mechanisms for transferring forces to the mechanotransducers.
-
integrins in Mechanotransduction
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Akira Katsumi, Eleni Tzima, Martin A SchwartzAbstract:Abstract Mechanical forces are crucial to the regulation of cell and tissue morphology and function. At the cellular level, forces influence cytoskeletal organization, gene expression, proliferation, and survival. Integrin-mediated adhesions are intrinsically mechanosensitive and a large body of data implicates integrins in sensing mechanical forces. We review the relationship between integrins and mechanical forces, the role of integrins in cellular responses to stretch and fluid flow, and propose that some of these events are mechanistically related.
Patrick Delmas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Molecular mechanisms of Mechanotransduction in mammalian sensory neurons
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Patrick Delmas, Lise Rodat-despoixAbstract:The somatosensory system mediates fundamental physiological functions, including the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. This variety of functions is matched by a diverse array of mechanosensory neurons that respond to force in a specific fashion. Mechanotransduction begins at the sensory nerve endings, which rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Progress has been made in establishing the functional properties of mechanoreceptors, but it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level. However, in the past few years, new functional assays have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identity of mechanotransducer channels in mammalian sensory neurons. The recent identification of novel families of proteins as mechanosensing molecules will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mammalian somatosensation. Mechanotransduction, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into a biological response, constitutes the basis of fundamental physiological processes, including the senses of touch and pain. In mammals, detection of mechanical forces by the somatosensory system is performed by primary afferent neurons that project long axons to the skin and to deeper body structures. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors are specialized to detect a wide range of mechanical stimuli including light brush of the skin, texture, vibration, touch and noxious pressure. The ability of these mechanoreceptors to detect mechanical cues relies on the presence of mechanosensitive channels on the sensory nerve endings that rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Although it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level, recent studies have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identities of mechanosensitive channels in mammalian sensory neurons. Such analyses suggest that mechanical stimulation activates cation channels that differ in their sensitivity to pressure and desensitization rates, and that may define different classes of mechanotransducer channels. Although the molecular characterization of mechanosensitive channels remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that transient receptor potential cation channel ankyrin1 (TRPA1) as well as piezo proteins contribute to the mechanotranducer apparatus in mammalian sensory neurons. Molecular identification of transducer channels will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction in mammals and of its impairments in disease and post-traumatic states. Mechanotransduction — the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal — underpins the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. Delmas and colleagues review emerging data on the characteristics of mechanosensitive currents in mammalian sensory neurons and discuss candidate proteins that might constitute the underlying mechanotransducer channels.
-
Molecular mechanisms of Mechanotransduction in mammalian sensory neurons
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Patrick Delmas, Jizhe Hao, Lise Rodat-despoixAbstract:The somatosensory system mediates fundamental physiological functions, including the senses of touch, pain and proprioception. This variety of functions is matched by a diverse array of mechanosensory neurons that respond to force in a specific fashion. Mechanotransduction begins at the sensory nerve endings, which rapidly transform mechanical forces into electrical signals. Progress has been made in establishing the functional properties of mechanoreceptors, but it has been remarkably difficult to characterize mechanotranducer channels at the molecular level. However, in the past few years, new functional assays have provided insights into the basic properties and molecular identity of mechanotransducer channels in mammalian sensory neurons. The recent identification of novel families of proteins as mechanosensing molecules will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mammalian somatosensation.
David A. Hoey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Integrins in Osteocyte Biology and Mechanotransduction
Current Osteoporosis Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Ivor P. Geoghegan, David A. Hoey, Laoise M. McnamaraAbstract:Purpose of Review Osteocytes are the main mechanosensitive cells in bone. Integrin-based adhesions have been shown to facilitate Mechanotransduction, and therefore play an important role in load-induced bone formation. This review outlines the role of integrins in osteocyte function (cell adhesion, signalling, and Mechanotransduction) and possible role in disease.
-
primary cilia mediated Mechanotransduction in human mesenchymal stem cells
Stem Cells, 2012Co-Authors: David A. Hoey, Shane Tormey, Stacy Ramcharan, Fergal J Obrien, Christopher R JacobsAbstract:Physical loading is a potent stimulus required to maintain bone homeostasis, partly through the renewal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the mechanism by which MSCs sense a biophysical force and translate that into a biochemical bone forming response (Mechanotransduction) remains poorly understood. The primary cilium is a single sensory cellular extension, which has recently been shown to demonstrate a role in cellular Mechanotransduction and MSC lineage commitment. In this study, we present evidence that short periods of mechanical stimulation in the form of oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) is sufficient to enhance osteogenic gene expression and proliferation of human MSCs (hMSCs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cilium mediates fluid flow Mechanotransduction in hMSCs by maintaining OFF-induced increases in osteogenic gene expression and, surprisingly, to limit OFF-induced increases in proliferation. These data therefore demonstrate a pro-osteogenic mechanosensory role for the primary cilium, establishing a novel Mechanotransduction mechanism in hMSCs. Based on these findings, the application of OFF may be a beneficial component of bioreactor-based strategies to form bone-like tissues suitable for regenerative medicine and also highlights the cilium as a potential therapeutic target for efforts to mimic loading with the aim of preventing bone loss during diseases such as osteoporosis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a role for the cilium in controlling mechanically mediated increases in the proliferation of hMSCs, which parallels proposed models of polycystic kidney disease. Unraveling the mechanisms leading to rapid proliferation of mechanically stimulated MSCs with defective cilia could provide significant insights regarding ciliopathies and cystic diseases. Stem Cells2012;30:2561–2570
-
Primary Cilia-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Bone
Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: David A. Hoey, Christopher R JacobsAbstract:Mechanotransduction is a process in which cells sense applied mechanical stimulus and convert these forces into biochemical responses. This process regulates skeletal homeostasis, organization, and development, although the cellular mechanism that is responsible for Mechanotransduction in bone is currently unknown. One candidate mechanosensor is the primary cilium, a single immotile organelle that extends from the surface of bone cells. The inhibition of primary cilia formation or associated components leads to reduced expression of mechanosensitive osteogenic genes, impaired osteoblastic differentiation, and skeletal phenotype irregularities. In this review, we discuss growing evidence supporting primary cilia as mediators of mechanically regulated skeletal homeostasis and development.
Alexander G Robling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bone and skeletal muscle key players in Mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms
Bone, 2015Co-Authors: Craig A Goodman, Troy A Hornberger, Alexander G RoblingAbstract:Abstract The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone mass is critical for movement, health and issues associated with the quality of life. Skeletal muscle and bone mass are regulated by a variety of factors that include changes in mechanical loading. Moreover, bone mass is, in large part, regulated by muscle-derived mechanical forces and thus by changes in muscle mass/strength. A thorough understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for Mechanotransduction in bone and skeletal muscle is essential for the development of effective exercise and pharmaceutical strategies aimed at increasing, and/or preventing the loss of, mass in these tissues. Thus, in this review we will attempt to summarize the current evidence for the major molecular mechanisms involved in Mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle and bone. By examining the differences and similarities in Mechanotransduction between these two tissues, it is hoped that this review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future research and promote collaboration between bone and muscle biologists. 1
