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Sze Chai Kwok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Individual susceptibility to TMS affirms the precuneal role in meta-Memory upon Recollection.
Brain structure & function, 2019Co-Authors: Futing Zou, Michael Dayan, Hakwan Lau, Sze Chai KwokAbstract:A recent virtual-lesion study using inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) confirmed the causal behavioral relevance of the precuneus in the evaluation of one's own Memory performance (aka mnemonic metacognition). This study's goal is to elucidate how these TMS-induced neuromodulatory effects might relate to the neural correlates and be modulated by individual anatomical profiles in relation to meta-Memory. In a within-subjects design, we assessed the impact of 20-min rTMS over the precuneus, compared to the vertex, across three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuro-profiles on 18 healthy subjects during a Memory versus a perceptual task. Task-based functional MRI revealed that BOLD signal magnitude in the precuneus is associated with variation in individual meta-Memory efficiency. Moreover, individuals with higher resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fcMRI) between the precuneus and the hippocampus, or smaller gray matter volume in the stimulated precuneal region exhibit considerably higher vulnerability to the TMS effect. These effects were not observed in the perceptual domain. Thus, we provide compelling evidence in outlining a possible circuit encompassing the precuneus and its mnemonic midbrain neighbor the hippocampus at the service of realizing our meta-awareness during Memory Recollection of episodic details.
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individual susceptibility to tms affirms the precuneual role in meta Memory upon Recollection
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Futing Zou, Michael Dayan, Hakwan Lau, Sze Chai KwokAbstract:Background: A recent virtual-lesion study using inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) confirmed the causal behavioral relevance of the precuneus in the evaluation of one's own Memory performance (aka mnemonic metacognition). Objective: This study's goal is to elucidate how these TMS-induced neuromodulatory effects might relate to the neural correlates and be modulated by individual anatomical profiles in relation to meta-Memory. Methods: In a within-subjects design, we assessed the impact of 20-min rTMS over the precuneus, compared to the vertex, across three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuro-profiles on 18 healthy subjects during a Memory versus a perceptual task. Results: Task-based functional MRI revealed that BOLD signal magnitude in the precuneus is associated with variation in individual meta-Memory efficiency, and such correlation diminished significantly following TMS targeted at the precuneus. Moreover, individuals with higher resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fcMRI) between the precuneus and the hippocampus, or smaller grey matter volume in the stimulated precuneal region exhibit considerably higher vulnerability to the TMS effect. These effects were not observed in the perceptual domain. Conclusion: We provide compelling evidence in outlining a possible circuit encompassing the precuneus and its mnemonic midbrain neighbor the hippocampus at the service of realizing our meta-awareness during Memory Recollection of episodic details.
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causal evidence for mnemonic metacognition in human precuneus
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Qun Ye, Sze Chai Kwok, Yi HuAbstract:Metacognition is the capacity to introspectively monitor and control one9s own cognitive processes. Previous anatomical and functional neuroimaging findings implicated the important role of the precuneus in metacognition processing, especially during mnemonic tasks. However, the issue of whether this medial parietal cortex is a domain-specific region that supports mnemonic metacognition remains controversial. Here, we focally disrupted this parietal area with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy human participants of both sexes, seeking to ascertain its functional necessity for metacognition in Memory versus perceptual decisions. Perturbing precuneal activity selectively impaired metacognitive efficiency of temporal-order Memory judgment, but not perceptual discrimination. Moreover, the correlation in individuals9 metacognitive efficiency between domains disappeared when the precuneus was perturbed. Together, these findings provide evidence reinforcing the notion that the precuneal region plays an important role in mediating metacognition of episodic Memory retrieval. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Theories on the neural basis of metacognition have thus far been largely centered on the role of the prefrontal cortex. Here we refined the theoretical framework through characterizing a unique precuneal involvement in mnemonic metacognition with a noninvasive but inferentially powerful method: transcranial magnetic stimulation. By quantifying metacognitive efficiency across two distinct domains (Memory vs perception) that are matched for stimulus characteristics, we reveal an instrumental role of the precuneus in mnemonic metacognition. This causal evidence corroborates ample clinical reports that parietal lobe lesions often produce inaccurate self-reports of confidence in Memory Recollection and establish the precuneus as a nexus for the introspective ability to evaluate the success of Memory judgment in humans.
Willem-paul Brinkman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Therapy System for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using a Virtual Agent and Virtual Storytelling to Reconstruct Traumatic Memories
Journal of medical systems, 2017Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Rafael Bidarra, Ben Kybartas, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well treatable, many people do not get the desired treatment due to barriers to care (such as stigma and cost). This paper presents a system that bridges this gap by enabling patients to follow therapy at home. A therapist is only involved remotely, to monitor progress and serve as a safety net. With this system, patients can recollect their memories in a digital diary and recreate them in a 3D WorldBuilder. Throughout the therapy, a virtual agent is present to inform and guide patients through the sessions, employing an ontology-based question module for recollecting traumatic memories to further elicit a detailed Memory Recollection. In a usability study with former PTSD patients (n = 4), these questions were found useful for Memory Recollection. Moreover, the usability of the whole system was rated positively. This system has the potential to be a valuable addition to the spectrum of PTSD treatments, offering a novel type of home therapy assisted by a virtual agent.
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IVA - An Ontology-Based Question System for a Virtual Coach Assisting in Trauma Recollection
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2015Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Marieke Van Meggelen, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Internet-based guided self-therapy systems provide a novel method for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patients to follow therapy at home with the assistance of a virtual coach. One of the main challenges for such a coach is assisting patients with recollecting their traumatic memories, a vital part of therapy. In this paper, an ontology-based question system capable of posing appropriate and personalized questions is presented. This method was tested in an experiment with non-patients (n = 24), where it was compared with a non-ontology-based system which did not provide personalization. Results show that people take more time answering questions with the ontology-based system and use more words describing properties, such as adjectives. This indicates that the ontology-based system facilitates more thoughtful and detailed Memory-Recollection.
Myrthe L. Tielman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Virtual Agent for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment
2018Co-Authors: Myrthe L. TielmanAbstract:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder with a high impact on quality of life, and despite the existence of treatment, barriers still stop many people from receiving the care they need. An e-mental health system for home use might remove some of these barriers, as it provides a privacy-sensitive and accessible way of following therapy. Treatment for PTSD is difficult though, requiring patients to actively recollect their traumatic memories. Suitable assistance by a virtual agent to increase compliance might therefore be very valuable. Given the novelty of the application of a virtual agent to PTSD therapy, our work studies how a virtual agent should act to best increase therapy compliance for PTSD. After establishing several general design for such an agent, core functions and constraints for the agent have been studied. To enhance treatment compliance in the form of Memory Recollection, a virtual agent can best present psychoeducation in written text. Furthermore, it can employ an ontology-based question system to elicit more detailed Memory Recollection, and a motivational feedback system to generate motivation suitable to the patient’s situation. Regarding the constraints of a virtual agent, theoretical models have been presented describing how to deal with risk situations, and a full therapy system for PTSD incorporating the agent was found useful and usable by former patients. Taken together, these findings show how a virtual agent should act and how it can be applied. Given the high impact PTSD has on a person’s life, such a virtual agent has the potential to make a real difference.
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A Therapy System for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using a Virtual Agent and Virtual Storytelling to Reconstruct Traumatic Memories
Journal of medical systems, 2017Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Rafael Bidarra, Ben Kybartas, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well treatable, many people do not get the desired treatment due to barriers to care (such as stigma and cost). This paper presents a system that bridges this gap by enabling patients to follow therapy at home. A therapist is only involved remotely, to monitor progress and serve as a safety net. With this system, patients can recollect their memories in a digital diary and recreate them in a 3D WorldBuilder. Throughout the therapy, a virtual agent is present to inform and guide patients through the sessions, employing an ontology-based question module for recollecting traumatic memories to further elicit a detailed Memory Recollection. In a usability study with former PTSD patients (n = 4), these questions were found useful for Memory Recollection. Moreover, the usability of the whole system was rated positively. This system has the potential to be a valuable addition to the spectrum of PTSD treatments, offering a novel type of home therapy assisted by a virtual agent.
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IVA - An Ontology-Based Question System for a Virtual Coach Assisting in Trauma Recollection
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2015Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Marieke Van Meggelen, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Internet-based guided self-therapy systems provide a novel method for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patients to follow therapy at home with the assistance of a virtual coach. One of the main challenges for such a coach is assisting patients with recollecting their traumatic memories, a vital part of therapy. In this paper, an ontology-based question system capable of posing appropriate and personalized questions is presented. This method was tested in an experiment with non-patients (n = 24), where it was compared with a non-ontology-based system which did not provide personalization. Results show that people take more time answering questions with the ontology-based system and use more words describing properties, such as adjectives. This indicates that the ontology-based system facilitates more thoughtful and detailed Memory-Recollection.
Mark A. Neerincx - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Therapy System for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using a Virtual Agent and Virtual Storytelling to Reconstruct Traumatic Memories
Journal of medical systems, 2017Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Rafael Bidarra, Ben Kybartas, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well treatable, many people do not get the desired treatment due to barriers to care (such as stigma and cost). This paper presents a system that bridges this gap by enabling patients to follow therapy at home. A therapist is only involved remotely, to monitor progress and serve as a safety net. With this system, patients can recollect their memories in a digital diary and recreate them in a 3D WorldBuilder. Throughout the therapy, a virtual agent is present to inform and guide patients through the sessions, employing an ontology-based question module for recollecting traumatic memories to further elicit a detailed Memory Recollection. In a usability study with former PTSD patients (n = 4), these questions were found useful for Memory Recollection. Moreover, the usability of the whole system was rated positively. This system has the potential to be a valuable addition to the spectrum of PTSD treatments, offering a novel type of home therapy assisted by a virtual agent.
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IVA - An Ontology-Based Question System for a Virtual Coach Assisting in Trauma Recollection
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2015Co-Authors: Myrthe L. Tielman, Mark A. Neerincx, Marieke Van Meggelen, Willem-paul BrinkmanAbstract:Internet-based guided self-therapy systems provide a novel method for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patients to follow therapy at home with the assistance of a virtual coach. One of the main challenges for such a coach is assisting patients with recollecting their traumatic memories, a vital part of therapy. In this paper, an ontology-based question system capable of posing appropriate and personalized questions is presented. This method was tested in an experiment with non-patients (n = 24), where it was compared with a non-ontology-based system which did not provide personalization. Results show that people take more time answering questions with the ontology-based system and use more words describing properties, such as adjectives. This indicates that the ontology-based system facilitates more thoughtful and detailed Memory-Recollection.
Pascale Piolino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Self-Reference Effect on Episodic Memory Recollection in Young and Older Adults and Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer research, 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer Lalanne, Johanna Rozenberg, Pauline Grolleau, Pascale PiolinoAbstract:The Self-reference effect (SRE) on long-term episodic Memory and autonoetic consciousness has been investigated in young adults, scarcely in older adults, but never in Alzheimer's patients. Is the functional influence of Selfreference still present when the individual's Memory and identity are impaired? We investigated this issue in 60 young subjects, 41 elderly subjects, and 28 patients with Alzheimer's disease, by using 1) an incidental learning task of personality traits in three encoding conditions, inducing variable degrees of depth of processing and personal involvement, 2) a 2- minute retention interval free recall task, and 3) a 20-minute delayed recognition task, combined with a remember-know paradigm. Each recorded score was corrected for errors (intrusions in free recall, false alarms in recognition, and false source Memory in remember responses). Compared with alternative encodings, the Self-reference significantly enhanced performance on the free recall task in the young group, and on the recognition task both in the young and older groups but not in the Alzheimer group. The most important finding in the Alzheimer group is that the Self-reference led the most often to a subjective sense of remembering (especially for the positive words) with the retrieval of the correct encoding source. This Self-reference Recollection effect in patients was related to independent subjective measures of a positive and definite sense of Self (measured by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale), and to Memory complaints in daily life. In conclusion, these results demonstrated the power and robustness of the Self-reference effect on Recollection in long-term episodic Memory in Alzheimer's disease, albeit the retrieval is considerably reduced. These results should open new perspectives for the development of rehabilitation programs for Memory deficits.
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Hippocampal activation for autobiographical memories over the entire lifetime in healthy aged subjects: an fMRI study.
Cerebral Cortex, 2007Co-Authors: Armelle Viard, Pascale Piolino, Béatrice Desgranges, Gaël Chételat, Karine Lebreton, Brigitte Landeau, Alan Young, Vincent De La Sayette, Francis EustacheAbstract:We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cerebral structures required during the Recollection of episodic autobiographical memories according to 5 time periods covering the whole lifespan to test the 2 concurring models of Memory consolidation, which propose either a temporary (standard model) or a permanent (multiple-trace model) role of the hippocampus in episodic Memory retrieval. The experimental paradigm was specially designed to engage subjects (67.17 +/- 5.22 years old) in the retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories, whatever the time period, from personally relevant cues selected by questioning a family member. Moreover, the nature of the memories was checked at debriefing by means of behavioral measures to control the degree of episodicity. Behavioral data showed that recollected memories were characterized by specificity and details whatever their remoteness. Main neuroimaging data (Statistical Parametric Mapping 99) revealed the activation of a network including the left superior frontal gyri, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate and lingual gyri, left angular gyrus, and left hippocampus, although the subtraction analyses detected subtle differences between certain time periods. Small volume correction centered on the hippocampus detected left hippocampal activation for all time periods and additional right hippocampal activation for the intermediate periods. Further confirmation was provided by using a 3-way analysis of variance on blood oxygen level-dependent values, which revealed hippocampal activation whatever the time interval. The present data challenge the standard model of Memory consolidation and support the multiple-trace model, instead. The comparison with previous literature stresses the idea that a bilateral involvement of the hippocampus characterizes rich episodic autobiographical Memory Recollection.