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Karina Fontana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of anabolic steroids and high-intensity aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle of transgenic mice
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Gerson E R Campos, Robert S. Staron, Maria Alice Da Cruz-hof̈ling
    Abstract:

    In an attempt to shorten recovery time and improve performance, strength and endurance athletes occasionally turn to the illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). This study evaluated the effects of AAS treatment on the muscle mass and phenotypic characteristics of transgenic mice subjected to a high-intensity, aerobic training program (5d/wk for 6 weeks). The transgenic mice (CETP(+/-)LDLr(-/+)) were engineered to exhibit a lipid profile closer to humans. Animals were divided into groups of sedentary (Sed) and/or training (Ex) mice (each treated orally with AAS or gum arabic/vehicle: Sed-C, Sed-M, ex-C, ex-M). The effects of AAS (Mesterolone: M) on specific phenotypic adaptations (muscle wet weight, cross-sectional area, and fiber type composition) in three hindlimb muscles (soleus:SOL, tibialis anterior:TA and gastrocnemius:GAS) were assessed. In order to detect subtle changes in fiber type profile, the entire range of fiber types (I, IC, IIAC, IIA, IIAD, IID, IIDB, IIB) was delineated using mATPase histochemistry. Body weight gain occurred throughout the study for all groups. However, the body weight gain was significantly minimized with exercise. This effect was blunted with Mesterolone treatment. Both AAS treatment (Sed-M) and high-intensity, aerobic training (ex-C) increased the wet weights of all three muscles and induced differential hypertrophy of pure and hybrid fibers. Combination of AAS and training (ex-M) resulted in enhanced hypertrophy. In the SOL, Mesterolone treatment (Sed-M and ex-M) caused dramatic increases in the percentages of fiber types IC, IIAC, IIAD, IID, with concomitant decrease in IIA, but had minimal impact on fiber type percentages in the predominantly fast muscles. Overall, the AAS-induced differential adaptive changes amounted to significant fiber type transformations in the fast-to-slow direction in SOL. AAS treatment had a significant effect on muscle weights and fiber type composition in SOL, TA and GAS which was even maximized in animals subjected to metabolically high-intensity aerobic exercise.

  • Regulation of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by anabolic-androgenic steroid in skeletal muscles.
    Histology and Histopathology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Thalita Rocha, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and exercise share comparable effects on myogenic differentiation, force development, fiber growth and skeletal muscle plasticity. The participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on these effects was only demonstrated in response to exercise. Using immunohistochemistry and western blotting we examined the effect of AAS on the expression of NOS I and III isoforms in three muscles, distinct metabolically and physiologically: soleus (SOL), tibialis anterioris (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS). Mice with a lipid profile akin to humans were used. Sedentary mice (Sed-C) or exercised, submitted to six-weeks of aerobic treadmill running (one hour/day, 5 days/week) were administered Mesterolone (Sed-M and Ex-M, respectively) or gum arabic (vehicle, Ex-C) during the last three weeks, three alternate days per week. Consistently, The TA showed the strongest labeling and the SOL the weakest with NOS III predominating over NOS I. Mesterolone administered to sedentary mice (Sed-C x Sed-M) significantly upregulated NOS I in TA and SOL and NOS III in all three muscles. Mesterolone administered to exercised mice (Ex-C x Ex-M) upregulated NOS I in all three muscles and NOS III in TA and SOL. The exercise to Mesterolone-treated mice (Sed-M x Ex-M) produced a strong increase in NOS I expression in GAS; in contrast it antagonized the Mesterolone-induced upregulation of NOS I in TA muscle and NOS III in SOL and GAS. The data show nitric oxide (NO) as a potential signaling mediator of AAS effects in skeletal muscle and that NOS I and NOS III upregulations were muscle phenotype-specific. These may be regarded as an indication of the complex NOS/NO signaling mechanism related with AAS effects vs. metabolic/physiological muscle characteristics.

  • morphological changes in murine skeletal muscle in response to exercise and Mesterolone
    Journal of Electron Microscopy, 2010
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Maria Alice Da Cruzhofling, Kathryn White, Gerson Eduardo Rocha Campos, John Harris
    Abstract:

    : Light and electron microscopy and quantitative morphometry were used to determine the effects of exercise and Mesterolone on the soleus muscles of mice. Both exercise and Mesterolone caused a significant hypertrophy of extrafusal muscle fibres. The hypertrophy of Type I fibres was greater than that of Type II fibres. There was no hyperplasia. Mitochondria were more numerous and larger than in the muscles of sedentary animals. Capillarity increased and small centrally nucleated muscle fibres appeared, usually in small clusters and most often in the muscles of animals exposed to Mesterolone. A small proportion of satellite cells exhibited signs of activation but there were more in the muscles of Mesterolone-treated animals than after exercise. Muscles from animals that had been both exercised and treated with Mesterolone exhibited the largest changes: muscle mass and muscle fibre hypertrophy was greater than in all other groups of animals, capillarity was higher and >30% of all recognized satellite cells exhibited signs of activation. Groups of small centrally nucleated muscle fibres were commonly seen in these muscles. They appeared to be the result of splits in the form of sprouts from existing muscle fibres. With both exercise and Mesterolone, alone or in combination, there was an increase in the proportion of Type I muscle fibres and a decrease in the proportion of Type II.

  • Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and Mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice
    Cell and Tissue Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Fernanda M. Almeida, Tatiana Carla Tomiosso, Edson Rosa Pimentel, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    The effect of Mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with Mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen α_1/α_2 bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen β-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three–fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and Mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.

  • effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and Mesterolone on remodeling of achilles tendon of c57bl 6 transgenic mice
    Cell and Tissue Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Fernanda M. Almeida, Tatiana Carla Tomiosso, Edson Rosa Pimentel, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    The effect of Mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with Mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen α1/α2 bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen β-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three–fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and Mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.

Joshua Bolaji Olugbemi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi, Deborah Adejoke Adeniji, Joshua Bolaji Olugbemi
    Abstract:

    Twelve West African Dwarf bucks were used in this study to measure the effect of scrotal insulation and post insulation Proviron® treatment on semen. The testes of the bucks were insulated using cellophane bags and cotton wool for 30 days. After the removal of the insulating materials, the bucks were divided into groups A and B. Animals in group A received 100mg per head per week of Proviron® (Mesterolone) for 3 weeks while group B animals were left untreated. Semen collection was done using electroejaculation method throughout the study. Results showed that scrotal insulation caused testicular degeneration evidenced by an insignificant reduction (P>0.05) in sperm motility from 50.28±39.30% preinsulation to 41.81± 30.80% during insulation. However, motility increased significantly (P

  • the spermiogram of Mesterolone treated west african dwarf bucks with testicular degeneration
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi, Deborah Adejoke Adeniji, Joshua Bolaji Olugbemi
    Abstract:

    Twelve West African Dwarf bucks were used in this study to measure the effect of scrotal insulation and post insulation Proviron® treatment on semen. The testes of the bucks were insulated using cellophane bags and cotton wool for 30 days. After the removal of the insulating materials, the bucks were divided into groups A and B. Animals in group A received 100mg per head per week of Proviron® (Mesterolone) for 3 weeks while group B animals were left untreated. Semen collection was done using electroejaculation method throughout the study. Results showed that scrotal insulation caused testicular degeneration evidenced by an insignificant reduction (P>0.05) in sperm motility from 50.28±39.30% preinsulation to 41.81± 30.80% during insulation. However, motility increased significantly (P<0.05) to 74.58± 13.73% in post insulation treated bucks. Mass activity was graded good (++) pre-insulation, fair (+) during insulation, very poor (0) post insulation and very good (+++) during post insulation treatment phase. It was concluded that increased testicular heat due to scrotal insulation resulted in testicular degeneration and that the responses to proviron® treatment in post insulation treated bucks confirmed the anabolic and androgenic properties of Proviron®.

Syed Ghulam Musharraf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fungi as a source of marker compounds for the control of illicit use of drugs: Mesterolone as a case study
    Metabolomics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Q.u. Arfeen, Fareeha Siddiqi, Malik Shoaib Ahmad, Ghazanfar Sultan, M. Iqbal Choudhary
    Abstract:

    Introduction Anabolic steroids are frequently misused for performance enhancement during sports competitions. One of the major bottlenecks in the confident analysis of steroids and their metabolites is the non-availability/cost of standard reference compounds. Objective The study objective was to identify the common metabolites of prohibited anabolic steroids that are produced in both fungi and human and thus can be synthesized in bulk using fungal cultures. Mesterolone is used as a case study. Methods The study was conducted in three steps; we first studied the fungal transformation of Mesterolone. In the second step, these metabolites were used as references to detect in human urine after the oral use of Mesterolone using LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. In the third step, 12 fungal cultures were screened to evaluate their potential to produce reference markers. Results This led to the detection of two metabolites, 6 α -hydroxyMesterolone (M1) and 7 α -hydroxyMesterolone (M2) that were found to be common in both, fungal cultures and human urine samples. Moreover, Rhizopus stolonifer and Beauveria bassiana can be considered as good candidates to produce M1 and M2 metabolites, respectively. Conclusion This approach can be employed for the synthesis of marker compounds of other prohibited anabolic steroids thus can be detected efficiently during national and international sports competitions.

  • post derivative tlc densitometric stability indicating assay for Mesterolone and quantum chemical calculations
    Analytical Methods, 2015
    Co-Authors: Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Q.u. Arfeen, H. Ahmed
    Abstract:

    Mesterolone is a synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) used for the cure of infertility and hypogonadism. Mesterolone cannot be analyzed using a UV detector because of the lack of a chromophore and this puts limitations on its direct UV analysis. This paper reports on the development and validation of a simple and cost-effective post-derivatized TLC-densitometric method using ceric sulfate as a staining reagent for the analysis of Mesterolone and its degradation products under various stress conditions, as recommended in the ICH guidelines. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Mesterolone in this method were found to be 1.64 and 4.97 ng per spot respectively. The current study suggests that Mesterolone is very prone to photochemical degradation, while quantum chemical calculations carried out as an integral part of this study supplement the assessed reactivity of Mesterolone under applied stress conditions. The developed stability-indicating TLC-densitometric method can be employed for the analysis of Mesterolone in the presence of its degradation products.

  • Post-derivative TLC densitometric stability indicating assay for Mesterolone and quantum chemical calculations
    Analytical Methods, 2015
    Co-Authors: Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Q.u. Arfeen, F.u. Haq, H. Ahmed
    Abstract:

    © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Mesterolone is a synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) used for the cure of infertility and hypogonadism. Mesterolone cannot be analyzed using a UV detector because of the lack of a chromophore and this puts limitations on its direct UV analysis. This paper reports on the development and validation of a simple and cost-effective post-derivatized TLC-densitometric method using ceric sulfate as a staining reagent for the analysis of Mesterolone and its degradation products under various stress conditions, as recommended in the ICH guidelines. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Mesterolone in this method were found to be 1.64 and 4.97 ng per spot respectively. The current study suggests that Mesterolone is very prone to photochemical degradation, while quantum chemical calculations carried out as an integral part of this study supplement the assessed reactivity of Mesterolone under applied stress conditions. The developed stability-indicating TLC-densitometric method can be employed for the analysis of Mesterolone in the presence of its degradation products.

Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Regulation of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by anabolic-androgenic steroid in skeletal muscles.
    Histology and Histopathology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Thalita Rocha, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and exercise share comparable effects on myogenic differentiation, force development, fiber growth and skeletal muscle plasticity. The participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on these effects was only demonstrated in response to exercise. Using immunohistochemistry and western blotting we examined the effect of AAS on the expression of NOS I and III isoforms in three muscles, distinct metabolically and physiologically: soleus (SOL), tibialis anterioris (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS). Mice with a lipid profile akin to humans were used. Sedentary mice (Sed-C) or exercised, submitted to six-weeks of aerobic treadmill running (one hour/day, 5 days/week) were administered Mesterolone (Sed-M and Ex-M, respectively) or gum arabic (vehicle, Ex-C) during the last three weeks, three alternate days per week. Consistently, The TA showed the strongest labeling and the SOL the weakest with NOS III predominating over NOS I. Mesterolone administered to sedentary mice (Sed-C x Sed-M) significantly upregulated NOS I in TA and SOL and NOS III in all three muscles. Mesterolone administered to exercised mice (Ex-C x Ex-M) upregulated NOS I in all three muscles and NOS III in TA and SOL. The exercise to Mesterolone-treated mice (Sed-M x Ex-M) produced a strong increase in NOS I expression in GAS; in contrast it antagonized the Mesterolone-induced upregulation of NOS I in TA muscle and NOS III in SOL and GAS. The data show nitric oxide (NO) as a potential signaling mediator of AAS effects in skeletal muscle and that NOS I and NOS III upregulations were muscle phenotype-specific. These may be regarded as an indication of the complex NOS/NO signaling mechanism related with AAS effects vs. metabolic/physiological muscle characteristics.

  • Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and Mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice
    Cell and Tissue Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Fernanda M. Almeida, Tatiana Carla Tomiosso, Edson Rosa Pimentel, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    The effect of Mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with Mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen α_1/α_2 bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen β-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three–fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and Mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.

  • effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and Mesterolone on remodeling of achilles tendon of c57bl 6 transgenic mice
    Cell and Tissue Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Fernanda M. Almeida, Tatiana Carla Tomiosso, Edson Rosa Pimentel, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    The effect of Mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with Mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen α1/α2 bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen β-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three–fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and Mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.

  • Hepatocyte nuclear phenotype, the cross-talk between anabolic androgenic steroids and exercise in transgenic mice
    Histology and Histopathology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Karina Fontana, Helena C F Oliveira, Marcela Aldrovani, Flavia De Paoli, Benedicto De Campos Vidal, Maria Alice Da Cruz-höfling
    Abstract:

    The growing and indiscriminate use of high doses of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) among youth and athletes has raised serious concerns about its hepatotoxic effects. Herein, the influence of AAS in the nuclear phenotype of hepatocytes was investigated in sedentary and trained mice heterozygous for the human CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) transgene and for LDL-receptor null allele (CETP+/-LDLr+/-) by image analysis. Five groups were assayed comprising treadmill exercised (Ex) and sedentary (Sed) mice, administered Mesterolone (AAS) or gum arabic (GA) and a sedentary blank control: G1(SedAAS), G2(SedGA), G3(ExAAS), G4(ExGA), and G5(SedBL). To assess nuclear phenotypes, the state of chromatin supraorganization, DNA content and fragmentation (TUNEL assay), area and perimeter of hepatocytes were determined in Feulgen-stained liver imprints. In addition, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) hepatic transaminases were measured. SedAAS-G1 showed the lowest chromatin condensation and highest Feulgen-DNA content, polyploid nuclei frequency, nuclear area and perimeter, suggesting gene activation. Contrarily, ExAAS-G3 showed a highest chromatin condensation, and a significant decrease of Feulgen-DNA content and decreased frequency of polyploid nuclei, which suggest gene silencing. Image analysis of the nuclear phenotype offered a coherent descriptive picture of the changing patterns of chromatin organization, which were shown to be congruent with the levels of Feulgen-DNA content, geometric nuclear parameters and hepatocyte activity. In this study, the image analysis permitted the monitoring of the nuclear response to Mesterolone and physical exercise action in liver cells, the molecular mechanism of which is in prospect. Histol Histopathol 23, 1367-1377 (2008)

Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Spermiogram of Mesterolone Treated West African Dwarf Bucks with Testicular Degeneration
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi, Deborah Adejoke Adeniji, Joshua Bolaji Olugbemi
    Abstract:

    Twelve West African Dwarf bucks were used in this study to measure the effect of scrotal insulation and post insulation Proviron® treatment on semen. The testes of the bucks were insulated using cellophane bags and cotton wool for 30 days. After the removal of the insulating materials, the bucks were divided into groups A and B. Animals in group A received 100mg per head per week of Proviron® (Mesterolone) for 3 weeks while group B animals were left untreated. Semen collection was done using electroejaculation method throughout the study. Results showed that scrotal insulation caused testicular degeneration evidenced by an insignificant reduction (P>0.05) in sperm motility from 50.28±39.30% preinsulation to 41.81± 30.80% during insulation. However, motility increased significantly (P

  • the spermiogram of Mesterolone treated west african dwarf bucks with testicular degeneration
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi, Deborah Adejoke Adeniji, Joshua Bolaji Olugbemi
    Abstract:

    Twelve West African Dwarf bucks were used in this study to measure the effect of scrotal insulation and post insulation Proviron® treatment on semen. The testes of the bucks were insulated using cellophane bags and cotton wool for 30 days. After the removal of the insulating materials, the bucks were divided into groups A and B. Animals in group A received 100mg per head per week of Proviron® (Mesterolone) for 3 weeks while group B animals were left untreated. Semen collection was done using electroejaculation method throughout the study. Results showed that scrotal insulation caused testicular degeneration evidenced by an insignificant reduction (P>0.05) in sperm motility from 50.28±39.30% preinsulation to 41.81± 30.80% during insulation. However, motility increased significantly (P<0.05) to 74.58± 13.73% in post insulation treated bucks. Mass activity was graded good (++) pre-insulation, fair (+) during insulation, very poor (0) post insulation and very good (+++) during post insulation treatment phase. It was concluded that increased testicular heat due to scrotal insulation resulted in testicular degeneration and that the responses to proviron® treatment in post insulation treated bucks confirmed the anabolic and androgenic properties of Proviron®.