The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J. Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heterothallism revealed in the root rot fungi berkeleyomyces basicola and b rouxiae
Fungal Biology, 2018Co-Authors: W J Nel, Brenda D Wingfield, Tuan A. Duong, Michael J. Wingfield, Almuth Hammerbacher, Z.w. De BeerAbstract:Abstract Berkeleyomyces basicola and Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, two sister species previously treated collectively as Thielaviopsis basicola, reside in the Ceratocystidaceae ( Microascales, Ascomycota ). Both species are important root pathogens of many important agricultural crops and ornamental plants. Although T. basicola has been known for more than 150y, a sexual state has never been found and it has been assumed to be an asexual pathogen. The aim of this study was to determine the mating strategy of the two Berkeleyomyces species. Investigation of the genome sequences of two B. basicola isolates allowed for the complete characterization of the MAT locus, revealing that it has a typical heterothallic mating system with the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs occurring in different isolates. PCR amplification using mating type primers developed in this study, showed that the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were also present in different isolates of B. rouxiae. Pairing of isolates representing the two mating types of both species, using a variety of techniques failed to produce sexual structures. Although we have found no direct evidence that they reproduce sexually, these fungi are clearly heterothallic with both mating types occurring in some countries suggesting that a cryptic sexual cycle could exist for them.
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Nine novel species of Huntiella from southern China with three distinct mating strategies and variable levels of pathogenicity
2018Co-Authors: Feifei Liu, Michael J. Wingfield, Jolanda Roux, Irene Barnes, Andrea M. Wilson, Shuaifei ChenAbstract:The ascomycete genus Huntiella (Microascales) has a cosmopolitan distribution and occurs on a wide range of woody plants. Little is known regarding the identity, diversity, origin, or impact of these fungi in China. Recently, isolates of Huntiella spp. were collected from stumps of freshly felled trees or wounds on plantation-grown Eucalyptus in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Hainan provinces of southern China. Additional isolates were obtained from stumps of Acacia confusa near Eucalyptus plantations in Hainan Province. The aim of this study was to identify these Huntiella species and to test their pathogenicity on Eucalyptus seedlings. Morphology and multigene phylogenies of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) region and partial β-tubulin (BT1) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) genes revealed nine previously unknown Huntiella species, eight from Eucalyptus and one from A. confusa. The mating types of these species were determined, showing that seven are heterothallic, one is homothallic, and one is unisexual (MAT1-2-1 gene). Pathogenicity tests showed that the nine Huntiella species can produce lesions on Eucalyptus seedlings, larger than wounds caused by controls on these plants. This study provides a basic understanding of the distribution, diversity, and pathogenicity of Huntiella species in southern China.
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bretziella a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus ceratocystis fagacearum Microascales ascomycota
MycoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:The Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP), the NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), and the University of Pretoria.
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Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)
Pensoft Publishers, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:Recent reclassification of the Ceratocystidaceae (Microascales) based on multi-gene phylogenetic inference has shown that the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum does not reside in any of the four genera in which it has previously been treated. In this study, we resolve typification problems for the fungus, confirm the synonymy of Chalara quercina (the first name applied to the fungus) and Endoconidiophora fagacearum (the name applied when the sexual state was discovered). Furthermore, the generic placement of the species was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates. The original specimens studied in both protologues and living isolates from the same host trees and geographical area were examined and shown to represent the same species. A lectotype was designated for Chalara quercina and Endoconidiophora fagacearum and an epitype linked to a living ex-epitype isolate was designated. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the species resides in a well-supported monophyletic lineage in the Ceratocystidaceae, distinct from all other genera in the family. The new genus Bretziella is described to accommodate the oak wilt fungus
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Abridged title: Microsatellite development for Knoxdavesia proteae
2016Co-Authors: Janneke Aylward, Léanne L. Dreyer, Emma T. Steenkamp, Michael J. Wingfield, Aylward J. L. L. Dreyer, F. RoetsAbstract:1Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the genetic characterization of Knoxdavesia proteae (Ascomycota: Microascales) usin
Tuan A. Duong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heterothallism revealed in the root rot fungi berkeleyomyces basicola and b rouxiae
Fungal Biology, 2018Co-Authors: W J Nel, Brenda D Wingfield, Tuan A. Duong, Michael J. Wingfield, Almuth Hammerbacher, Z.w. De BeerAbstract:Abstract Berkeleyomyces basicola and Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, two sister species previously treated collectively as Thielaviopsis basicola, reside in the Ceratocystidaceae ( Microascales, Ascomycota ). Both species are important root pathogens of many important agricultural crops and ornamental plants. Although T. basicola has been known for more than 150y, a sexual state has never been found and it has been assumed to be an asexual pathogen. The aim of this study was to determine the mating strategy of the two Berkeleyomyces species. Investigation of the genome sequences of two B. basicola isolates allowed for the complete characterization of the MAT locus, revealing that it has a typical heterothallic mating system with the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs occurring in different isolates. PCR amplification using mating type primers developed in this study, showed that the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were also present in different isolates of B. rouxiae. Pairing of isolates representing the two mating types of both species, using a variety of techniques failed to produce sexual structures. Although we have found no direct evidence that they reproduce sexually, these fungi are clearly heterothallic with both mating types occurring in some countries suggesting that a cryptic sexual cycle could exist for them.
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bretziella a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus ceratocystis fagacearum Microascales ascomycota
MycoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:The Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP), the NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), and the University of Pretoria.
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Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)
Pensoft Publishers, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:Recent reclassification of the Ceratocystidaceae (Microascales) based on multi-gene phylogenetic inference has shown that the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum does not reside in any of the four genera in which it has previously been treated. In this study, we resolve typification problems for the fungus, confirm the synonymy of Chalara quercina (the first name applied to the fungus) and Endoconidiophora fagacearum (the name applied when the sexual state was discovered). Furthermore, the generic placement of the species was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates. The original specimens studied in both protologues and living isolates from the same host trees and geographical area were examined and shown to represent the same species. A lectotype was designated for Chalara quercina and Endoconidiophora fagacearum and an epitype linked to a living ex-epitype isolate was designated. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the species resides in a well-supported monophyletic lineage in the Ceratocystidaceae, distinct from all other genera in the family. The new genus Bretziella is described to accommodate the oak wilt fungus
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Wounds on Rapanea melanophloeos provide habitat for a large diversity of Ophiostomatales including four new species
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2016Co-Authors: Tendai Musvuugwa, Léanne L. Dreyer, Z. Wilhelm Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Kenneth Oberlander, Francois RoetsAbstract:Rapanea melanophloeos , an important canopy tree in Afromontane forests, is commonly utilised for medicinal bark harvesting. Wounds created from these activities provide entrance for many fungi, including arthropod-associated members of the Ophiostomatales and Microascales (ophiostomatoid fungi). In this study we assessed the diversity of wound-associated Ophiostomatales on storm-damaged R. melanophloeos trees in the Afromontane forests of South Africa. Five species were identified based on micro-morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. These included Ophiostoma stenoceras and four newly described taxa Sporothrix itsvo sp. nov., S. rapaneae sp. nov., S. uta sp. nov. and O. noisomeae sp. nov. Four of these are members of the S. schenckii – O. stenoceras complex ( O. stenoceras , S. itsvo sp. nov., S . rapaneae sp. nov., S . uta sp. nov.) while O. noisomeae groups basal in the Ophiostomatales alongside the S. lignivora complex and Graphilbum . In addition to other taxa known from this host, the present study shows that there is a rich, yet still poorly explored, diversity of Ophiostomatales associated with R. melanophloeos in Afromontane forests. More taxa are likely to be discovered with increased research effort. These must be assessed in terms of pathogenicity towards this ecologically and economically important tree.
Wilhelm Z De Beer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bretziella a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus ceratocystis fagacearum Microascales ascomycota
MycoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:The Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP), the NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), and the University of Pretoria.
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Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)
Pensoft Publishers, 2017Co-Authors: Wilhelm Z De Beer, Tuan A. Duong, Seonju Marincowitz, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:Recent reclassification of the Ceratocystidaceae (Microascales) based on multi-gene phylogenetic inference has shown that the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum does not reside in any of the four genera in which it has previously been treated. In this study, we resolve typification problems for the fungus, confirm the synonymy of Chalara quercina (the first name applied to the fungus) and Endoconidiophora fagacearum (the name applied when the sexual state was discovered). Furthermore, the generic placement of the species was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates. The original specimens studied in both protologues and living isolates from the same host trees and geographical area were examined and shown to represent the same species. A lectotype was designated for Chalara quercina and Endoconidiophora fagacearum and an epitype linked to a living ex-epitype isolate was designated. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the species resides in a well-supported monophyletic lineage in the Ceratocystidaceae, distinct from all other genera in the family. The new genus Bretziella is described to accommodate the oak wilt fungus
Alfried P Vogler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting the unpredictable how host specific is the mycobiota of bark and ambrosia beetles
Fungal Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Kirsten E Miller, Daegan J G Inward, Carola Gomezrodriguez, Andres Baselga, Alfried P VoglerAbstract:Abstract Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are known for their symbioses with fungi and play a key role in the dispersal of phytopathogens. The scolytine community of eight pine stands along a latitudinal gradient in the UK was surveyed and beetle-associated fungal communities (mycobiota) were assessed using ITS2 metabarcoding (304 specimens, 12 species). Distribution patterns among 2,257 detected fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) revealed that beetle species identity was an important predictor of mycobiotic richness and composition, while the effects of environmental and spatial variables were negligible. Network-based specificity analysis suggested that a relatively small subset of OTUs (75 in total) exhibit an affinity for a subset of beetle species and that these include many Microascales and Saccharomycetes. Notably though, of the OTUs belonging to the family Ophiostomataceae, relatively few display host specificity. Our results add to the complex picture of host-associated fungal communities and suggest that host range limits are unlikely to restrict the spread of economically important phytopathogens.
Kirsten E Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting the unpredictable how host specific is the mycobiota of bark and ambrosia beetles
Fungal Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Kirsten E Miller, Daegan J G Inward, Carola Gomezrodriguez, Andres Baselga, Alfried P VoglerAbstract:Abstract Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are known for their symbioses with fungi and play a key role in the dispersal of phytopathogens. The scolytine community of eight pine stands along a latitudinal gradient in the UK was surveyed and beetle-associated fungal communities (mycobiota) were assessed using ITS2 metabarcoding (304 specimens, 12 species). Distribution patterns among 2,257 detected fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) revealed that beetle species identity was an important predictor of mycobiotic richness and composition, while the effects of environmental and spatial variables were negligible. Network-based specificity analysis suggested that a relatively small subset of OTUs (75 in total) exhibit an affinity for a subset of beetle species and that these include many Microascales and Saccharomycetes. Notably though, of the OTUs belonging to the family Ophiostomataceae, relatively few display host specificity. Our results add to the complex picture of host-associated fungal communities and suggest that host range limits are unlikely to restrict the spread of economically important phytopathogens.