The Experts below are selected from a list of 2961 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Robert Langer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Microchip Technology in drug delivery
    Annals of Medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: John T Santini, Amy C Richards, Rebecca Scheidt, Michael J Cima, Robert Langer
    Abstract:

    The realization that the therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs can be affected dramatically by the way in which they are delivered has created immense interest in controlled drug delivery systems. Much previous work in drug delivery focused on achieving sustained drug release rates over time, while a more recent trend is to make devices that allow the release rate to be varied over time. Advances in microfabrication Technology have made an entirely new type of drug delivery device possible. Proof-of-principle experiments have shown that silicon Microchips have the ability to store and release multiple chemicals on demand. Future integration of active control electronics, such as microprocessors, remote control units, or biosensors, could lead to the development of a 'pharmacy on a chip,' ie 'smart' Microchip implants or tablets that release drugs into the body automatically when needed.

  • Biomaterials in drug delivery and tissue engineering: One laboratory's experience
    Accounts of Chemical Research, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert Langer
    Abstract:

    This Account reviews our laboratory's research in biomaterials. In one area, drug delivery, we discuss the development of materials that are capable of releasing macromolecules such as proteins and peptides, intelligent delivery systems based on magnetism or Microchip Technology, new degradable materials such as polyanhydrides, and noninvasive approaches for delivering molecules through the skin and lungs. A second area, tissue engineering, is also discussed. New polymer systems for creating cartilage, blood vessels, nerves, and other tissues are examined.

Subba R Digumarthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the 'CTC-chip') capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5-1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells — or circulating tumour cells (CTCs) — are found in peripheral blood from cancer patients, and are the probable origin of intractable metastatic disease. The isolation of such cells from cancer patients has been proven to be very difficult, primarily due to their exceedingly low numbers in peripheral blood. Now a microfluidic platform 'CTC-chip' has been developed, capable of selective, efficient separation of CTCs from the blood of cancer patients. This new tool could be used in the detection and diagnosis of cancers, and to monitor an individual patient's response to therapy. A microfluidic platform that is capable of efficiently and selectively separating viable circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood samples has been developed. Low levels of CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers were identified, and it was shown that this device could be used to monitor an individual patient's response to anti-cancer therapy. Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease1,2,3,4. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers5,6,7,8. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity9. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the ‘CTC-chip’) capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5–1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer10.

Daphne W Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the 'CTC-chip') capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5-1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells — or circulating tumour cells (CTCs) — are found in peripheral blood from cancer patients, and are the probable origin of intractable metastatic disease. The isolation of such cells from cancer patients has been proven to be very difficult, primarily due to their exceedingly low numbers in peripheral blood. Now a microfluidic platform 'CTC-chip' has been developed, capable of selective, efficient separation of CTCs from the blood of cancer patients. This new tool could be used in the detection and diagnosis of cancers, and to monitor an individual patient's response to therapy. A microfluidic platform that is capable of efficiently and selectively separating viable circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood samples has been developed. Low levels of CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers were identified, and it was shown that this device could be used to monitor an individual patient's response to anti-cancer therapy. Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease1,2,3,4. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers5,6,7,8. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity9. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the ‘CTC-chip’) capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5–1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer10.

Michael Keeney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • circulating tumor cell analysis technical and statistical considerations for application to the clinic
    Journal of Oncology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alison L Allan, Michael Keeney
    Abstract:

    Solid cancers are a leading cause of death worldwide, primarily due to the failure of effective clinical detection and treatment of metastatic disease in distant sites. There is growing evidence that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients may be an important indicator of the potential for metastatic disease and poor prognosis. Technological advances have now facilitated the enumeration and characterization of CTCs using methods such as PCR, flow cytometry, image-based immunologic approaches, immunomagnetic techniques, and Microchip Technology. However, the rare nature of these cells requires that very sensitive and robust detection/enumeration methods be developed and validated in order to implement CTC analysis for widespread use in the clinic. This review will focus on the important technical and statistical considerations that must be taken into account when designing and implementing CTC assays, as well as the subsequent interpretation of these results for the purposes of clinical decision making.

Sunitha Nagrath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the 'CTC-chip') capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5-1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.

  • isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by Microchip Technology
    Nature, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sunitha Nagrath, Lecia V Sequist, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daphne W Bell, Daniel Irimia, Lindsey Ulkus, Matthew R Smith, Eunice L Kwak, Subba R Digumarthy
    Abstract:

    Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells — or circulating tumour cells (CTCs) — are found in peripheral blood from cancer patients, and are the probable origin of intractable metastatic disease. The isolation of such cells from cancer patients has been proven to be very difficult, primarily due to their exceedingly low numbers in peripheral blood. Now a microfluidic platform 'CTC-chip' has been developed, capable of selective, efficient separation of CTCs from the blood of cancer patients. This new tool could be used in the detection and diagnosis of cancers, and to monitor an individual patient's response to therapy. A microfluidic platform that is capable of efficiently and selectively separating viable circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood samples has been developed. Low levels of CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers were identified, and it was shown that this device could be used to monitor an individual patient's response to anti-cancer therapy. Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease1,2,3,4. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers5,6,7,8. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity9. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the ‘CTC-chip’) capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5–1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer10.