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A Gaudric - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks.Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules.The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:Purpose To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks. Results Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules. Conclusion The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
Sophie Bonnin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks.Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules.The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:Purpose To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks. Results Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules. Conclusion The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
Arnould Louis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vascular density with optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic biomarkers in low and high cardiovascular risk patients
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Hannappe Marc-antoine, Arnould Louis, Méloux Alexandre, Mouhat Basile, Bichat Florence, Zeller Marianne, Cottin Yves, Binquet Christine, Vergely Catherine, Creuzot-garcher CatherineAbstract:International audienceWe aimed to compare retinal vascular density in optical coherence tomography Angiography (oct-A) between patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (AcS) and control patients and to investigate correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers. patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (AcS) in the intensive care Unit were included in the "high cardiovascular risk" group while patients without cardiovascular risk presenting in the ophthalmology department were included as "control". Both groups had blood sampling and OCT-A imaging. Retina Microvascularization density in the superficial capillary plexus was measured on 3 × 3 mm angiograms centered on the macula. Angiopoietin-2, TGF-β1, osteoprotegerin, GDF-15 and ST-2 were explored with ELISA or multiplex method. Overall, 62 eyes of ACS patients and 42 eyes of controls were included. ACS patients had significantly lower inner vessel length density than control patients (p = 0.004). A ROC curve found that an inner vessel length density threshold below 20.05 mm −1 was moderately associated with AcS. Significant correlation was found between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin, and retinal Microvascularization in OCT-A (R = − 0.293, p = 0.003; R = − 0.310, p = 0.001). Lower inner vessel length density measured with oct-A was associated with AcS event and was also correlated with higher concentrations of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin
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Vascular density with optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic biomarkers in low and high cardiovascular risk patients
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Hannappe Marc-antoine, Arnould Louis, Méloux Alexandre, Mouhat Basile, Bichat Florence, Zeller Marianne, Cottin Yves, Binquet Christine, Vergely Catherine, Creuzot-garcher CatherineAbstract:We aimed to compare retinal vascular density in optical coherence tomography Angiography (oct-A) between patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (AcS) and control patients and to investigate correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers. patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (AcS) in the intensive care Unit were included in the "high cardiovascular risk" group while patients without cardiovascular risk presenting in the ophthalmology department were included as "control". Both groups had blood sampling and OCT-A imaging. Retina Microvascularization density in the superficial capillary plexus was measured on 3 × 3 mm angiograms centered on the macula. Angiopoietin-2, TGF-β1, osteoprotegerin, GDF-15 and ST-2 were explored with ELISA or multiplex method. Overall, 62 eyes of ACS patients and 42 eyes of controls were included. ACS patients had significantly lower inner vessel length density than control patients (p = 0.004). A ROC curve found that an inner vessel length density threshold below 20.05 mm −1 was moderately associated with AcS. Significant correlation was found between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin, and retinal Microvascularization in OCT-A (R = − 0.293, p = 0.003; R = − 0.310, p = 0.001). Lower inner vessel length density measured with oct-A was associated with AcS event and was also correlated with higher concentrations of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), aging of population and urbanization make CVD one of the world's major disease burdens 1,2. Indeed, CVD remain a main cause of premature deaths and disability worldwide, with an estimated 16.7 million deaths in 2010, and projections show an overwhelming 23.3 million by 2030 3. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus lead to systemic inflammation, vascular and cardiac oxidative stress, which contribute to coronary dysfunction and microvascular impairment 4. Thus, coronary macro and microvascular alterations are closely associated and together contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia 5. The assessment of myocardial Microvascularization is then of major interest in order to estimate the risk of acute coronary events; however, only invasive procedures, using intra vascular contrast agents, are currently available 6
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Vascular density with optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic biomarkers in low and high cardiovascular risk patients
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Hannappe Marc-antoine, Arnould Louis, Méloux Alexandre, Mouhat Basile, Bichat Florence, Zeller Marianne, Cottin Yves, Binquet Christine, Vergely Catherine, Creuzot-garcher CatherineAbstract:International audienceWe aimed to compare retinal vascular density in optical coherence tomography Angiography (oct-A) between patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (AcS) and control patients and to investigate correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers. patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (AcS) in the intensive care Unit were included in the "high cardiovascular risk" group while patients without cardiovascular risk presenting in the ophthalmology department were included as "control". Both groups had blood sampling and OCT-A imaging. Retina Microvascularization density in the superficial capillary plexus was measured on 3 × 3 mm angiograms centered on the macula. Angiopoietin-2, TGF-β1, osteoprotegerin, GDF-15 and ST-2 were explored with ELISA or multiplex method. Overall, 62 eyes of ACS patients and 42 eyes of controls were included. ACS patients had significantly lower inner vessel length density than control patients (p = 0.004). A ROC curve found that an inner vessel length density threshold below 20.05 mm −1 was moderately associated with AcS. Significant correlation was found between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin, and retinal Microvascularization in OCT-A (R = − 0.293, p = 0.003; R = − 0.310, p = 0.001). Lower inner vessel length density measured with oct-A was associated with AcS event and was also correlated with higher concentrations of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), aging of population and urbanization make CVD one of the world's major disease burdens 1,2. Indeed, CVD remain a main cause of premature deaths and disability worldwide, with an estimated 16.7 million deaths in 2010, and projections show an overwhelming 23.3 million by 2030 3. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus lead to systemic inflammation, vascular and cardiac oxidative stress, which contribute to coronary dysfunction and microvascular impairment 4. Thus, coronary macro and microvascular alterations are closely associated and together contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia 5. The assessment of myocardial Microvascularization is then of major interest in order to estimate the risk of acute coronary events; however, only invasive procedures, using intra vascular contrast agents, are currently available 6
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Caractéristiques vasculaires rétiniennes : modifications lors du vieillissement et en pathologie
HAL CCSD, 2020Co-Authors: Arnould LouisAbstract:For more than 10 years, description of the retinal microvascular network has benefited from the development of new imaging techniques. Automatic retinal images analysis software, as well as OCT angiography, are able to highlight subtle and early changes in the retinal vascular network. In addition, these software allow to obtain a large amount of quantitative microvascular parameters which improve the characterization of retinal vascularization. The challenge of current research is to demonstrate the association between these microvascular modifications, systemic vascular aging process and cerebral and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, a physiopathological continuum exists between retinal microvascular modification and vascular systemic diseases. In the Montrachet population-based study, we demonstrated that a suboptimal retinal vascular network evaluated with the SIVA software (decrease of the retinal fractal dimension and heterogeneity of the vascular lumen) was significantly associated with a treated diabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. In addition, we completed our research on the retinal vascular network with the use of OCT-angiography (OCT-A). In the EYE-MI study, we demonstrated the potential interest of quantitative characterization of the retinal microvascular network with OCT-A in order to assess the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with history of myocardial infarction. A high AHA risk score was associated with low retinal vascular density independently of hemodynamic changes. Thus, a better understanding of the association between retinal Microvascularization and macrovascular disease would make it possible to implement more stringent control of cardiovascular risk factors within the framework of personalized and early primary prevention. The retinal vascular network could therefore be a witness of systemic vascular history but also an interesting predictive biomarker of systemic vascular events.La description du réseau microvasculaire rétinien bénéficie depuis plus de 10 ans du développement de nouvelles techniques d’imagerie. Les logiciels automatiques d’analyse d’images ainsi que l’OCT-angiographie permettent de mettre en évidence des modifications subtiles et précoces de l’arbre vasculaire rétinien. Par ailleurs, ces logiciels permettent d’obtenir un grand nombre de données quantitatives microvasculaires qui améliore la caractérisation de la vascularisation rétinienne. L’enjeu des recherches actuelles est de démontrer l’association entre ces modifications microvasculaires, le vieillissement vasculaire systémique et les pathologies cérébro et cardiovasculaires. En effet, un continuum physiopathologique existe entre altérations microvasculaires rétiniennes et pathologies systémiques. Dans l’étude de population Montrachet, nous avons montré qu’un réseau vasculaire suboptimale évalué sur fond d’œil avec le logiciel SIVA (diminution de la dimension fractale et hétérogénéité de la lumière vasculaire) était significativement associée à l’existence d’un diabète traité et d’un sur risque de mortalité cardiovasculaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons complété nos recherches sur le réseau vasculaire rétinien avec l’utilisation de l’OCT-angiographie (OCT-A). Dans l’étude EYE-MI, nous avons démontré le potentiel intérêt de caractériser de manière quantitative le réseau microvasculaire rétinien en OCT-A afin d'évaluer le profil de risque cardiovasculaire des patients atteints de cardiopathies ischémiques. Un score de risque AHA élevé étaient associé à une faible densité vasculaire rétinienne indépendamment des modifications hémodynamiques systémiques. Ainsi, une meilleure compréhension du lien entre microvascularisation rétinienne et pathologie macrovasculaire permettrait de mettre en place un contrôle plus strict des facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires dans le cadre d’une prévention primaire personnalisée et précoce. Le réseau vasculaire rétinien pourrait donc être un témoin de l’histoire vasculaire systémique mais aussi un biomarqueur prédictif intéressant d’évènements vasculaires systémiques
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Retinal vascular network : description in elderly and pathological process
2020Co-Authors: Arnould LouisAbstract:La description du réseau microvasculaire rétinien bénéficie depuis plus de 10 ans du développement de nouvelles techniques d’imagerie. Les logiciels automatiques d’analyse d’images ainsi que l’OCT-angiographie permettent de mettre en évidence des modifications subtiles et précoces de l’arbre vasculaire rétinien. Par ailleurs, ces logiciels permettent d’obtenir un grand nombre de données quantitatives microvasculaires qui améliore la caractérisation de la vascularisation rétinienne. L’enjeu des recherches actuelles est de démontrer l’association entre ces modifications microvasculaires, le vieillissement vasculaire systémique et les pathologies cérébro et cardiovasculaires. En effet, un continuum physiopathologique existe entre altérations microvasculaires rétiniennes et pathologies systémiques. Dans l’étude de population Montrachet, nous avons montré qu’un réseau vasculaire suboptimale évalué sur fond d’œil avec le logiciel SIVA (diminution de la dimension fractale et hétérogénéité de la lumière vasculaire) était significativement associée à l’existence d’un diabète traité et d’un sur risque de mortalité cardiovasculaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons complété nos recherches sur le réseau vasculaire rétinien avec l’utilisation de l’OCT-angiographie (OCT-A). Dans l’étude EYE-MI, nous avons démontré le potentiel intérêt de caractériser de manière quantitative le réseau microvasculaire rétinien en OCT-A afin d'évaluer le profil de risque cardiovasculaire des patients atteints de cardiopathies ischémiques. Un score de risque AHA élevé étaient associé à une faible densité vasculaire rétinienne indépendamment des modifications hémodynamiques systémiques. Ainsi, une meilleure compréhension du lien entre microvascularisation rétinienne et pathologie macrovasculaire permettrait de mettre en place un contrôle plus strict des facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires dans le cadre d’une prévention primaire personnalisée et précoce. Le réseau vasculaire rétinien pourrait donc être un témoin de l’histoire vasculaire systémique mais aussi un biomarqueur prédictif intéressant d’évènements vasculaires systémiques.For more than 10 years, description of the retinal microvascular network has benefited from the development of new imaging techniques. Automatic retinal images analysis software, as well as OCT angiography, are able to highlight subtle and early changes in the retinal vascular network. In addition, these software allow to obtain a large amount of quantitative microvascular parameters which improve the characterization of retinal vascularization. The challenge of current research is to demonstrate the association between these microvascular modifications, systemic vascular aging process and cerebral and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, a physiopathological continuum exists between retinal microvascular modification and vascular systemic diseases. In the Montrachet population-based study, we demonstrated that a suboptimal retinal vascular network evaluated with the SIVA software (decrease of the retinal fractal dimension and heterogeneity of the vascular lumen) was significantly associated with a treated diabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. In addition, we completed our research on the retinal vascular network with the use of OCT-angiography (OCT-A). In the EYE-MI study, we demonstrated the potential interest of quantitative characterization of the retinal microvascular network with OCT-A in order to assess the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with history of myocardial infarction. A high AHA risk score was associated with low retinal vascular density independently of hemodynamic changes. Thus, a better understanding of the association between retinal Microvascularization and macrovascular disease would make it possible to implement more stringent control of cardiovascular risk factors within the framework of personalized and early primary prevention. The retinal vascular network could therefore be a witness of systemic vascular history but also an interesting predictive biomarker of systemic vascular events
Ramin Tadayoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks.Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules.The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:Purpose To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks. Results Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules. Conclusion The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
Valerie Mane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks.Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules.The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.
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new insight into the macular deep vascular plexus imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Sophie Bonnin, Ramin Tadayoni, Valerie Mane, Aude Couturier, Morgane Julien, Michel Paques, A GaudricAbstract:Purpose To describe the macular deep capillary plexus (DCP) in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods Retrospective study including 41 consecutive normal eyes imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc). Default autosegmentation of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and manual adjustments of "deep settings" were used to analyze the organization of the normal macular Microvascularization and to investigate in vivo the connection between these capillary networks. Results Mean age was 31 years (range, 22-55 years). The SCP and DCP had 2 different organizations, but the plexus autosegmentation was imperfect: In 68% of cases, the image of the SCP variably superimposed on the DCP, interfering with its analysis. The SCP was composed on average of 7 pairs of arterioles and venules obvious on each 3-mm × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scanning area. The DCP was composed of a capillary vortex arrangement, whose centers were aligned along the course of the macular superficial venules. Conclusion The SCP and DCP had two different topographic organizations. The pattern of the capillary units converging into capillary vortexes highly suggests that they drain into the superficial venules. The different structural properties of the SCP and DCP could explain the differences in flow resistance and perfusion.