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Connaboy Chris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rawcliffe, Alex J, Hinde, Katrina L, Graham, Scott M, Martindale Russell, Morrison Andrew, Krajewski, Kellen T., Connaboy Chris
    Abstract:

    Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and Military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational Military Activity involving cyclical high impact loading forces greater than those observed in athletes during high level plyometrics. Foot-drill may contribute to the high rates of lower-extremity overuse injuries observed in recruits during basic training. There is limited research investigating foot-drill specific injury risk factors in women. This study aimed to quantify changes in ankle joint proprioception and dynamic postural stability following a period of British Army foot-drill. Fourteen recruit age-matched women underwent pre-post foot-drill measures of frontal plane ankle joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic postural stability using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Passive ankle JPS was assessed from relative test angles of inversion (IN) and eversion (EV) 30% and IN60% using an isokinetic dynamometer. The DPSI and the individual stability indices (medio-lateral [MLSI], anterior-posterior [APSI] and vertical [VSI]) were calculated from lateral and forward jump-landing conditions using force plates. Foot-drill was conducted by a serving British Army drill instructor. Significantly greater absolute mean JPS error for IN30% and EV30% was observed post foot-drill (p ≤ 0.016, d ≥ 0.70). For both the lateral and forward jump-landing conditions, significantly greater stability index scores were observed for MLSI, APSI and DPSI (p ≤ 0.017, d ≥ 0.52). Significantly greater JPS error and stability index scores are associated with the demands of British Army foot-drill. These results provide evidence that foot-drill negatively affects lower-extremity proprioceptive acuity in recruit age-matched women, which has implications for increased injury risk during subsequent Military physical Activity, occurring in a normal training cycle

  • Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rawcliffe Alex, Martindale Russell, Morrison Andrew, Hinde Katrina, Graham Scott, Krajewski Kellen, Connaboy Chris
    Abstract:

    Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and Military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational Military Activity involving cyclical high impact loading forces greater than those observed in athletes during high level plyometrics. Foot-drill may contribute to the high rates of lower-extremity overuse injuries observed in recruits during basic training. There is limited research investigating foot-drill specific injury risk factors in women, despite greater incidences of musculoskeletal injury reported in women (522 vs 417 per 1000 personnel, OR: 1.53) when compared to men during basic training. This study aimed to quantify changes in ankle joint proprioception and dynamic postural stability following a period of British Army foot-drill. Fourteen women of similar age to British Army female recruits underwent pre-post foot-drill measures of frontal plane ankle joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic postural stability using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Passive ankle JPS was assessed from relative test angles of inversion 30% (IN30%) and eversion 30% (EV30%) and IN60% of participants range of motion using an isokinetic dynamometer. The DPSI and the individual stability indices (medio-lateral [MLSI], anterior-posterior [APSI] and vertical [VSI]) were calculated from lateral and forward jump-landing conditions using force plates. Foot-drill was conducted by a serving British Army drill instructor. Significantly greater absolute mean JPS error for IN30% and EV30% was observed post foot-drill (p ≤ 0.016, d ≥ 0.70). For both the lateral and forward jump-landing conditions, significantly greater stability index scores were observed for MLSI, APSI and DPSI (p ≤ 0.017, d ≥ 0.52). Significantly greater JPS error and stability index scores are associated with the demands of British Army foot-drill. These results provide evidence that foot-drill negatively affects lower-extremity proprioceptive acuity in recruit age-matched women, which has implications for increased injury risk during subsequent Military physical Activity, occurring in a normal training cycle

James A Estes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs from the aleutian archipelago
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: Robert G. Anthony, Keith A Miles, Mark A Ricca, James A Estes
    Abstract:

    We collected 136 fresh and unhatched eggs from bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests and assessed productivity on eight islands in the Aleutian archipelago, 2000 to 2002. Egg contents were analyzed for a broad spectrum of organochlorine (OC) contaminants, mercury (Hg), and stable isotopes of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (SigmaPCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and Hg in bald eagle eggs were elevated throughout the archipelago, but the patterns of distribution differed among the various contaminants. Total PCBs were highest in areas of past Military activities on Adak and Amchitka Islands, indicating local point sources of these compounds. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were higher on Amchitka Island, which was subjected to much Military Activity during World War II and the middle of the 20th century. Concentrations of SigmaPCBs also were elevated on islands with little history of Military Activity (e.g., Amlia, Tanaga, Buldir), suggesting non-point sources of PCBs in addition to point sources. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were highest in eagle eggs from the most western Aleutian Islands (e.g., Buldir, Kiska) and decreased eastward along the Aleutian chain. This east-to-west increase suggested a Eurasian source of contamination, possibly through global transport and atmospheric distillation and/or from migratory seabirds. Eggshell thickness and productivity of bald eagles were normal and indicative of healthy populations because concentrations of most contaminants were below threshold levels for effects on reproduction. Contrary to our predictions, contaminant concentrations were not correlated with stable isotopes of carbon (delta13C) or nitrogen (delta15N) in eggs. These latter findings indicate that contaminant concentrations were influenced more by point sources and geographic location than trophic status of eagles among the different islands.

Joanne N Caldwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • heat strain during Military training activities the dilemma of balancing force protection and operational capability
    Temperature (Austin Tex.), 2016
    Co-Authors: Andrew P Hunt, Daniel C Billing, Mark J Patterson, Joanne N Caldwell
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTMilitary activities in hot environments pose 2 competing demands: the requirement to perform realistic training to develop operational capability with the necessity to protect armed forces personnel against heat-related illness. To ascertain whether work duration limits for protection against heat-related illness restrict Military activities, this study examined the heat strain and risks of heat-related illness when conducting a Military Activity above the prescribed work duration limits. Thirty-seven soldiers conducted a march (10 km; ∼5.5 km h−1) carrying 41.8 ± 3.6 kg of equipment in 23.1 ± 1.8°C wet-bulb globe temperature. Body core temperature was recorded throughout and upon completion, or withdrawal, participants rated their severity of heat-related symptoms. Twenty-three soldiers completed the march in 107 ± 6.4 min (Completers); 9 were symptomatic for heat exhaustion, withdrawing after 71.6 ± 10.1 min (Symptomatic); and five were removed for body core temperature above 39.0°C (Hyperthermi...

  • heat strain during Military training activities the dilemma of balancing force protection and operational capability
    Faculty of Health, 2016
    Co-Authors: Andrew P Hunt, Daniel C Billing, Mark J Patterson, Joanne N Caldwell
    Abstract:

    Military activities in hot environments pose 2 competing demands: the requirement to perform realistic training to develop operational capability with the necessity to protect armed forces personnel against heat-related illness. To ascertain whether work duration limits for protection against heat-related illness restrict Military activities, this study examined the heat strain and risks of heat-related illness when conducting a Military Activity above the prescribed work duration limits. Thirty-seven soldiers conducted a march (10 km; ∼5.5 km h−1) carrying 41.8 ± 3.6 kg of equipment in 23.1 ± 1.8°C wet-bulb globe temperature. Body core temperature was recorded throughout and upon completion, or withdrawal, participants rated their severity of heat-related symptoms. Twenty-three soldiers completed the march in 107 ± 6.4 min (Completers); 9 were symptomatic for heat exhaustion, withdrawing after 71.6 ± 10.1 min (Symptomatic); and five were removed for body core temperature above 39.0°C (Hyperthermic) after 58.4 ± 4.5 min. Body core temperature was significantly higher in the Hyperthermic (39.03 ± 0.26°C), than Symptomatic (38.34 ± 0.44°C; P = 0.007) and Completers (37.94 ± 0.37°C; P<0.001) after 50 min. Heat-related symptom severity was significantly higher among Symptomatic (28.4 ± 11.8) compared to Completers (15.0 ± 9.8, P = 0.006) and Hyperthermic (13.0 ± 9.6, P = 0.029). The force protection provided by work duration limits may be preventing the majority of personnel from conducting activities in hot environments, thereby constraining a commander's mandate to develop an optimised Military force. The dissociation between heat-related symptoms and body core temperature elevation suggests that the physiological mechanisms underpinning exhaustion during exertional heat stress should be re-examined to determine the most appropriate physiological criteria for prescribing work duration limits.

Ales Dolný - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Military training areas as refuges for threatened dragonfly species effect of spatial isolation and Military Activity
    Biological Conservation, 2018
    Co-Authors: Filip Harabis, Ales Dolný
    Abstract:

    Abstract A long-term decline in habitat quality and freshwater species diversity has forced conservation managers to consider secondary habitats, such as Military training areas (MTAs), that were previously overlooked but have conservation potential. Isolation from many negative anthropogenic influences combined with disturbances associated with Military activities can benefit the diversity of terrestrial species. However, little is known about the conservation potential of freshwater habitats that are an integral part of MTAs. In this study, we used dragonflies and damselflies as valuable indicators of habitat quality to compare the diversity of freshwater sites inside and outside MTAs. We randomly selected 16 sites inside four extensive MTAs and 16 reference sites outside MTAs and examined the differences in traits of species occurring inside and outside the MTAs. We found that the diversity and conservation value of dragonfly communities inside MTAs was comparable to that in the most valuable freshwater habitats outside MTAs. Inside MTAs, species were primarily those associated with habitats in the late successional stages, while species associated with early successional stages were absent. Undoubtedly, the conservation potential of MTAs for freshwater invertebrates is in the long-term isolation from negative anthropogenic influences. Paradoxically, the main potential problem in protecting freshwater habitats inside MTAs is the cessation of Military Activity.

Martindale Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rawcliffe, Alex J, Hinde, Katrina L, Graham, Scott M, Martindale Russell, Morrison Andrew, Krajewski, Kellen T., Connaboy Chris
    Abstract:

    Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and Military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational Military Activity involving cyclical high impact loading forces greater than those observed in athletes during high level plyometrics. Foot-drill may contribute to the high rates of lower-extremity overuse injuries observed in recruits during basic training. There is limited research investigating foot-drill specific injury risk factors in women. This study aimed to quantify changes in ankle joint proprioception and dynamic postural stability following a period of British Army foot-drill. Fourteen recruit age-matched women underwent pre-post foot-drill measures of frontal plane ankle joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic postural stability using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Passive ankle JPS was assessed from relative test angles of inversion (IN) and eversion (EV) 30% and IN60% using an isokinetic dynamometer. The DPSI and the individual stability indices (medio-lateral [MLSI], anterior-posterior [APSI] and vertical [VSI]) were calculated from lateral and forward jump-landing conditions using force plates. Foot-drill was conducted by a serving British Army drill instructor. Significantly greater absolute mean JPS error for IN30% and EV30% was observed post foot-drill (p ≤ 0.016, d ≥ 0.70). For both the lateral and forward jump-landing conditions, significantly greater stability index scores were observed for MLSI, APSI and DPSI (p ≤ 0.017, d ≥ 0.52). Significantly greater JPS error and stability index scores are associated with the demands of British Army foot-drill. These results provide evidence that foot-drill negatively affects lower-extremity proprioceptive acuity in recruit age-matched women, which has implications for increased injury risk during subsequent Military physical Activity, occurring in a normal training cycle

  • Altered dynamic postural stability and joint position sense following British Army foot-drill
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rawcliffe Alex, Martindale Russell, Morrison Andrew, Hinde Katrina, Graham Scott, Krajewski Kellen, Connaboy Chris
    Abstract:

    Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and Military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational Military Activity involving cyclical high impact loading forces greater than those observed in athletes during high level plyometrics. Foot-drill may contribute to the high rates of lower-extremity overuse injuries observed in recruits during basic training. There is limited research investigating foot-drill specific injury risk factors in women, despite greater incidences of musculoskeletal injury reported in women (522 vs 417 per 1000 personnel, OR: 1.53) when compared to men during basic training. This study aimed to quantify changes in ankle joint proprioception and dynamic postural stability following a period of British Army foot-drill. Fourteen women of similar age to British Army female recruits underwent pre-post foot-drill measures of frontal plane ankle joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic postural stability using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Passive ankle JPS was assessed from relative test angles of inversion 30% (IN30%) and eversion 30% (EV30%) and IN60% of participants range of motion using an isokinetic dynamometer. The DPSI and the individual stability indices (medio-lateral [MLSI], anterior-posterior [APSI] and vertical [VSI]) were calculated from lateral and forward jump-landing conditions using force plates. Foot-drill was conducted by a serving British Army drill instructor. Significantly greater absolute mean JPS error for IN30% and EV30% was observed post foot-drill (p ≤ 0.016, d ≥ 0.70). For both the lateral and forward jump-landing conditions, significantly greater stability index scores were observed for MLSI, APSI and DPSI (p ≤ 0.017, d ≥ 0.52). Significantly greater JPS error and stability index scores are associated with the demands of British Army foot-drill. These results provide evidence that foot-drill negatively affects lower-extremity proprioceptive acuity in recruit age-matched women, which has implications for increased injury risk during subsequent Military physical Activity, occurring in a normal training cycle