The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hylke Dijkstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
policy making in eu security and defense an institutional perspective
European Administrative Governance, 2013Co-Authors: Hylke DijkstraAbstract:List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Delegation and Agency in International Relations 3. Institutional Development in EU Security and Defense 4. Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense 5. Military Operation in Bosnia 6. Monitoring Mission in Aceh 7. Military Operation in Chad 8. Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo 9. Conclusion Notes References Index
-
Military Operation in Bosnia
Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense, 2013Co-Authors: Hylke DijkstraAbstract:On December 2, 2004, the EU launched the Military Operation Althea in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Althea is still ongoing and remains the largest CSDP mission ever deployed. It was not a completely new mission. In fact, the EU took over a well-functioning Operation from NATO after the North Atlantic Alliance had ensured a “safe and secure environment” following the Dayton agreement of 1995. Through its Implementation and Stabilization Force (IFOR; SFOR), NATO had contributed to security in Bosnia. NATO handing over command to the EU fitted with the strategy to put Bosnia “irreversibly on to the road to statehood and membership of Europe” (Ashdown 2007: 299). An EU-led Military Operation would serve EU foreign policy better than the continuing NATO presence. After the takeover, NATO remained involved in Bosnia through the Berlin Plus agreement (see Chapter 4) and through its own residual activities. Operation Althea started with the same troop levels as SFOR, but the member states soon reduced their presence from the approximately 7,000 soldiers to 1,300 in 2012.
-
Military Operation in chad
2013Co-Authors: Hylke DijkstraAbstract:In January 2008, the EU launched its most ambitious autonomous Military Operation to date. Almost 3,700 troops contributed to a “safe and secure environment” in eastern Chad and the Central African Republic. This was to the benefit of internally displaced people and refugees from the Darfur region, as well as local personnel from humanitarian organizations and the UN. The Operation lasted exactly one year. The EU troops operated in a political minefield and overcame tremendous logistical problems. After the mandate expired, the EU handed over the Operation and the infrastructure to the UN Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT). In spite of some problems in the planning process, the EUFOR Tchad/RCA Operation was eventually successful from a Military perspective. However, given the lack of participation of some member states in the Operation, the tense relations between the EU and the UN at a political level, and the questionable impact on the ground, this type of bridging Operation — where the EU prepares the ground for the UN — is unlikely to be repeated in the near future (see also Dijkstra 2010b).
-
policy making in eu security and defense
2013Co-Authors: Hylke DijkstraAbstract:The previous chapter traced the delegation of functions to the EU bureaucracies in the CSDP. This chapter comprehensively describes their role in the CSDP policy process. It provides the basis for the case study analyses in the remaining chapters, which focus on the Military Operation Althea in Bosnia, the monitoring mission in Aceh (Indonesia), the Military Operation in Chad and the Central African Republic, and the rule of law mission in Kosovo. While this chapter reflects the state of the art in terms of the CSDP policy process, it will make mention of previous structures as well to provide sufficient background information. After all, the planning of the Military Operation Althea, for example, started almost a decade ago and the EU bureaucracies looked a bit different then. The starting point is the agenda-setting phase of civilian and Military missions. The chapter then moves on to the planning phase. It concludes with the implementation. The chapter uses practical examples from the four case studies to illustrate the process.
-
the Military Operation of the eu in chad and the central african republic good policy bad politics
International Peacekeeping, 2010Co-Authors: Hylke DijkstraAbstract:This article evaluates the Military Operation of the European Union in Chad and the Central African Republic in 2008–09. Despite a promising conceptual approach and close coOperation with the United Nations (UN), the Operation created significant political problems between member states. It led to a split – France arguing that it carried too much of the burden and Germany and the United Kingdom sensing that they were sponsoring a pet project. When the UN failed to achieve its ambitious promises to establish a parallel presence and follow-on force, tensions arose with the UN as well. This type of Operation is therefore unlikely to be repeated in the near future.
Jay R Hoffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of β alanine supplementation on monocyte recruitment and cognition during a 24 hour simulated Military Operation
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2020Co-Authors: Adam J Wells, Alyssa N Varanoske, Nicholas A Coker, Gregory J Kozlowski, Cheyanne L Frosti, David Boffey, Idan Harat, Shiva Jahani, Yftach Gepner, Jay R HoffmanAbstract:Wells, AJ, Varanoske, AN, Coker, NA, Kozlowski, GJ, Frosti, CL, Boffey, D, Harat, I, Jahani, S, Gepner, Y, and Hoffman, JR. Effect of β-alanine supplementation on monocyte recruitment and cognition during a 24-hour simulated Military Operation. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3042-3054, 2020-Sustained Military Operations (SUSOPs) result in psychological stress and cognitive dysfunction, which may be related to the recruitment of classical monocytes into the brain. This study examined the effect of beta-alanine (BA) on cognition and monocyte recruitment during a simulated 24-hour SUSOP. Nineteen healthy men ingested 12-g/d BA or placebo for 14 days before an SUSOP. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), and macrophage-1-antigen (CD11b) expression were assessed through multiplex assay and flow cytometry. Psychological stress and cognition were assessed through Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). A composite measure of cognition (COGcomp) was generated from throughput scores extracted from 7 ANAM cognitive tests. Assessments occurred at baseline (0H), 12 hours (12H), 18 hours (18H), and 24 hours (24H). Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. No significant effect of BA was noted for any variable (p's > 0.05). The frequency and severity of symptoms of psychological stress increased significantly at 18 and 24H compared with 0 and 12H (p's 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction during SUSOPs is related to serum concentrations of MCP-1 but is not influenced by BA supplementation.
-
effects of β alanine supplementation on physical performance cognition endocrine function and inflammation during a 24 h simulated Military Operation
Physiological Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Alyssa N Varanoske, Adam J Wells, Nicholas A Coker, Gregory J Kozlowski, Cheyanne L Frosti, David Boffey, Idan Harat, Yftach Gepner, Jay R HoffmanAbstract:Sustained Military Operations (SUSOPs) are associated with performance decrements and cognitive dysfunction. β-Alanine (BA) supplementation may have a role in increasing soldier resiliency by enhancing muscle-buffering capacity and reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BA on physical performance, cognition, endocrine function, and inflammation during a 24 h simulated SUSOP. Nineteen males were randomized into one of two groups: BA (n = 10) or placebo (n = 9; PLA) (12 g/day) for 14 days preceding the 24 h SUSOP. Assessments were performed at 0 h (0H), 12 h (12H), and 24 h (24H) during the SUSOP. No changes in visual tracking ability, jump power, or upper-body muscular endurance were observed between groups or time points (P's > 0.05). Increases in subjective feelings of soreness and fatigue were noted at 12H compared to 0H (P < 0.05) in PLA, but not in BA. Visual reaction time for PLA was slower at 24H compared to 0H (P = 0.035), and PLA made more errors on reaction time testing at 12H compared to BA (P = 0.048), but motor reaction time was faster (P = 0.016) for PLA. Simulated litter carry and 1 km run completion times increased at 24H compared to 0H in both groups (P < 0.05), however, PLA had a longer 1 km time compared to BA at 24H (P = 0.050). Increases in inflammatory and endocrine markers were observed over the SUSOP, with no differences between groups. BA supplementation appears to maintain some aspects of cognition and physical performance during a 24 h SUSOP, with no effects on endocrine function or inflammation.
J B Cruz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
brief an application of dynamic nash task assignment strategies to multi team Military air Operations
Automatica, 2003Co-Authors: Marwan A Simaan, J B CruzAbstract:Dynamic task assignment is a critical issue in the control of dynamic systems that are controlled by a multi-team structure. In general, assigning a task to one team requires considering the actions taken by the other teams. An interesting example of dynamic task assignment is the deployment of resources such as in the case of teams of fighting units on each side during a Military air Operation. An initial deployment of resources and task assignments may not always result in the most desirable outcome. A reassignment of the units to different tasks during the course of Operation may then become necessary in order to achieve the required objective. In this paper, the possibilities of changing the initial assignment of certain units, and the deployment of units after completing their initial assignment to other tasks are investigated. Two typical cases requiring specific reassignment strategies are considered. A simulation example of an air Military Operation that involves two opposing forces is presented to illustrate the results. In this example, the attacking force consists of two teams of units that need to complete two different tasks of varying complexity. Comparison of results with and without reassignment strategies is presented. We show that the use of reassignment strategies, especially when optimization is carried out over a short (two-step) look-ahead horizon, can improve the performance of the overall system and thus provide the leader of the attacking force with a more flexible and effective control mechanism to achieve the desired objective.
-
moving horizon game theoretic approaches for control strategies in a Military Operation
Conference on Decision and Control, 2001Co-Authors: J B Cruz, Marwan A Simaan, A Gacic, Yong LiuAbstract:Dynamic game theory has received considerable attention as a possible technology for formulating control actions for agents in an extended complex enterprise that involves an adversary. Examples of such enterprises are very common in Military Operations, decentralized electric energy systems, and competitive manufacturing processes. Enterprises of this typed typically involve two teams of decision agents each with a different objective function and possibly with a different hierarchy of decision-making Because of the complexity of such systems, traditional solutions from dynamic game theory are computationally extremely difficult, if not impossible, to derive. We discuss a solution approach where at each step the control agents limit the computation of their actions to a short time horizon that may involve only the next few time steps. This moving horizon solution, although suboptimal in the global sense, is very useful in taking into account the possible near-term control actions of the adversary. We illustrate this solution methodology using an example of an air Military Operation that involves two opposing forces.
Öney, Hatice Esra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Instrumentalization of religious nationalist security discourse in the case of the Afrin Operation: perspectives of Muslim conscientious objectors and anti-war activists
2019Co-Authors: Öney, Hatice EsraAbstract:This thesis analyzes the Afrin cross-border Military Operation, also known as Operation Olive-Branch, which was launched by the Turkish Armed Forces in Syria on 20 January 2018 as a case study. Through discourse analysis method, this thesis first examines the role of religious nationalist rhetoric of the governing elites in securitizing both the Afrin Operation and compulsory Military service. The study interrogates the ways in which security discourses are sanctified and instrumentalized by the political elites in light of the scholarship on the Critical Security Studies. This study secondly investigates the alternative discourses put forward by non-state actors, in this thesis, the Muslim conscientious objectors and anti-war activists, on the securitization of the Afrin Operation and conscription. In the fieldwork conducted with the participants, focus group analysis method was used. As a result of the central findings obtained from the case study, this thesis argues that the religious nationalist rhetoric, which have shaped the Afrin Operation discursively, aims to legitimize the Operation in the eyes of the general public and to restrain the generation of any other critical discourse. On the contrary, the Muslim conscientious objectors and anti-war activists have opposed to the instrumentalization of religion on matters such as security, militarism, and nationalism at political and discursive levels by putting forward an alternative dissident discours
Marwan A Simaan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
brief an application of dynamic nash task assignment strategies to multi team Military air Operations
Automatica, 2003Co-Authors: Marwan A Simaan, J B CruzAbstract:Dynamic task assignment is a critical issue in the control of dynamic systems that are controlled by a multi-team structure. In general, assigning a task to one team requires considering the actions taken by the other teams. An interesting example of dynamic task assignment is the deployment of resources such as in the case of teams of fighting units on each side during a Military air Operation. An initial deployment of resources and task assignments may not always result in the most desirable outcome. A reassignment of the units to different tasks during the course of Operation may then become necessary in order to achieve the required objective. In this paper, the possibilities of changing the initial assignment of certain units, and the deployment of units after completing their initial assignment to other tasks are investigated. Two typical cases requiring specific reassignment strategies are considered. A simulation example of an air Military Operation that involves two opposing forces is presented to illustrate the results. In this example, the attacking force consists of two teams of units that need to complete two different tasks of varying complexity. Comparison of results with and without reassignment strategies is presented. We show that the use of reassignment strategies, especially when optimization is carried out over a short (two-step) look-ahead horizon, can improve the performance of the overall system and thus provide the leader of the attacking force with a more flexible and effective control mechanism to achieve the desired objective.
-
moving horizon game theoretic approaches for control strategies in a Military Operation
Conference on Decision and Control, 2001Co-Authors: J B Cruz, Marwan A Simaan, A Gacic, Yong LiuAbstract:Dynamic game theory has received considerable attention as a possible technology for formulating control actions for agents in an extended complex enterprise that involves an adversary. Examples of such enterprises are very common in Military Operations, decentralized electric energy systems, and competitive manufacturing processes. Enterprises of this typed typically involve two teams of decision agents each with a different objective function and possibly with a different hierarchy of decision-making Because of the complexity of such systems, traditional solutions from dynamic game theory are computationally extremely difficult, if not impossible, to derive. We discuss a solution approach where at each step the control agents limit the computation of their actions to a short time horizon that may involve only the next few time steps. This moving horizon solution, although suboptimal in the global sense, is very useful in taking into account the possible near-term control actions of the adversary. We illustrate this solution methodology using an example of an air Military Operation that involves two opposing forces.
