The Experts below are selected from a list of 8136 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Oriol Sabaté - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Quantitative Estimates of Long-Term Military Spending in Spain (1850–2009)
Research in Economic History, 2016Co-Authors: Oriol SabatéAbstract:Abstract The substantial resources devoted to warfare in modern times might explain the increasing relevance that Military Spending has acquired in social sciences. In this regard, the so-called defence economics has extensively studied the main determinants of Military Spending and its main consequences in terms of economic performance and institutional transformations. However, one of the main problems for comparative analysis on the causes and effects of Military Spending is the lack of long-term homogeneous and comparable data in international panel datasets. This paper contributes to fill in this gap by providing new Military Spending data on Spain from 1850 to 2009 based on NATO methodological criterion. It provides total Military Spending estimates as well as economic and administrative disaggregated figures for most of the period. These data allow reliable international comparisons while also providing new quantitative evidence to better understand the Military history of Spain in modern times.
Peter Batchelor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Demand for Military Spending in South
2002Co-Authors: Peter Batchelor, Paul DunneAbstract:Understanding the factors that determine the Military burdens in developing economies is an important area of research. Previous research has suggested that to understand the dynamics of the relationship between Military burden and economic and strategic factors requires detailed case studies. This article provides an analysis of the South African experience, a particularly valuable case study given the importance of the Military sector to the apartheid system, the marked reductions in Military Spending that have taken place under the new government and the availability of good time-series data. A detailed analysis of the trends in Military Spending and the changing structure of government Spending over the past 40 years is undertaken. A simple model based on a general theory of the demand for Military Spending provides the basis for an investigation of the relative importance of strategic and other social and economic factors, and is found to perform surprisingly well. The results of the regression analysis suggest that the trends in South Africa's Military Spending (for the period 1963-97) could be explained as an autoregressive process in Military burden conditioned on a number of country-specific strategic factors. Imposition of the mandatory UN arms embargo in 1977 and the change in regime in 1994 had significant negative impacts, while involvement in the Angolan War and the early years of the Republic had positive impacts.
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The Demand for Military Spending in South Africa
Journal of Peace Research, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Batchelor, Paul Dunne, Guy LambAbstract:Understanding the factors that determine the Military burdens in developing economies is an important area of research. Previous research has suggested that to understand the dynamics of the relationship between Military burden and economic and strategic factors requires detailed case studies. This article provides an analysis of the South African experience, a particularly valuable case study given the importance of the Military sector to the apartheid system, the marked reductions in Military Spending that have taken place under the new government and the availability of good time-series data. A detailed analysis of the trends in Military Spending and the changing structure of government Spending over the past 40 years is undertaken. A simple model based on a general theory of the demand for Military Spending provides the basis for an investigation of the relative importance of strategic and other social and economic factors, and is found to perform surprisingly well. The results of the regression analysis suggest that the trends in South Africa's Military Spending (for the period 1963-97) could be explained as an autoregressive process in Military burden conditioned on a number of country-specific strategic factors. Imposition of the mandatory UN arms embargo in 1977 and the change in regime in 1994 had significant negative impacts, while involvement in the Angolan War and the early years of the Republic had positive impacts.
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Military Spending and economic growth in South Africa
Defence and Peace Economics, 2000Co-Authors: Peter Batchelor, J. Paul Dunne, David S. SaalAbstract:This paper undertakes an empirical analysis of the economic effects of Military Spending on the South African economy. It estimates a neo-classical model common in the literature at the level of the macroeconomy and at the level of the manufacturing sector. An attempt is made to improve upon the model by allowing the data to determine the dynamic structure of the model through an ARDL procedure. No significant impact of Military Spending is found in aggregate, but there is a significant negative impact for the manufacturing sector. This suggests that the cuts in domestic Military procurement that have occurred since 1989 could lead to improved economic performance in South Africa through their impact on the manufacturing sector.
Guy Lamb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Demand for Military Spending in South Africa
Journal of Peace Research, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Batchelor, Paul Dunne, Guy LambAbstract:Understanding the factors that determine the Military burdens in developing economies is an important area of research. Previous research has suggested that to understand the dynamics of the relationship between Military burden and economic and strategic factors requires detailed case studies. This article provides an analysis of the South African experience, a particularly valuable case study given the importance of the Military sector to the apartheid system, the marked reductions in Military Spending that have taken place under the new government and the availability of good time-series data. A detailed analysis of the trends in Military Spending and the changing structure of government Spending over the past 40 years is undertaken. A simple model based on a general theory of the demand for Military Spending provides the basis for an investigation of the relative importance of strategic and other social and economic factors, and is found to perform surprisingly well. The results of the regression analysis suggest that the trends in South Africa's Military Spending (for the period 1963-97) could be explained as an autoregressive process in Military burden conditioned on a number of country-specific strategic factors. Imposition of the mandatory UN arms embargo in 1977 and the change in regime in 1994 had significant negative impacts, while involvement in the Angolan War and the early years of the Republic had positive impacts.
Sanjeev Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Military Spending converging to a low level across countries
Economic Modelling, 2021Co-Authors: Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta, Saida KhamidovaAbstract:Abstract Military Spending in relation to national GDP and government budgets in both advanced and developing economies has fallen considerably since the end of Cold War. The previous papers have studied convergence in Military Spending by deploying methodologies used to analyze convergence in country growth rates and other economic variables. In this paper, we employ an improved technique and more up-to data for 138 countries during 1970–2019 to study convergence in Military Spending. We find that there is indeed convergence in Military Spending across countries, but in 3 distinct groups, with each group comprising both advanced and developing countries. A country’s membership of a group is influenced by political stability and risk of violence in the country, the level of its social Spending and Military Spending by its neighbors. Our empirical results have important implications for a key budget component in both advanced and developing countries.
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Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries? An Examination of Trends and Key Determinants
IMF Working Papers, 2019Co-Authors: Benedict J. Clements, Sanjeev Gupta, Saida KhamidovaAbstract:This paper studies the evolution of worldwide Military Spending during 1970-2018. It finds that Military Spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide Spending, outlays have remained stubbornly high. Military Spending in developing economies reacts to improvements in security conditions and Military Spending in neighboring countries, suggesting that further increases in the peace dividend are possible. In developing economies, rising social Spending tends to crowd out Military outlays, but this is not the case in advanced economies. With social outlays projected to rise as developing countries look to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Military Spending could come under pressure to fall further.
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Corruption and Military Spending
European Journal of Political Economy, 2001Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Luiz De Mello, Raju SharanAbstract:Abstract Anecdotal evidence relates corruption with high levels of Military Spending. This paper tests empirically whether such a relationship exists. The empirical analysis is based on data from four different sources for up to 120 countries during 1985–1998. The association between Military Spending and corruption is investigated by using cross-section and panel regression techniques. The results suggest that corruption is associated with higher Military Spending as a share of both GDP and total government Spending, as well as with arms procurement in relation to GDP and total government Spending. The results can be interpreted as evidence that defense Spending may be used as a component of an indicator of the quality of governance.
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Corruption and Military Spending
2000Co-Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Luiz De Mello, Raju SharanAbstract:Anecdotal evidence relates corruption with high levels of Military Spending. This paper tests empirically whether such a relationship exists. The empirical analysis is based on data from four different sources for up to 120 countries in the period 1985-98, The association between Military Spending and corruption is ascertained by using panel regression techniques. The results suggest that corruption is indeed associated with higher Military Spending as a share of both GDP and total government Spending, as well as with arms procurement in relation to GDP and total government Spending. This evidence indicates that defense Spending can be considered for constructing governance indicators.
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Worldwide Military Spending, 1990-95
Defence and Peace Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Jerald Schiff, Sanjeev Gupta, Benedict J. ClementsAbstract:The decline in Military Spending that began in the mid‐1980s continued through 1995, and this decline was widespread both geographically and by level of development. Cuts in Military Spending appear to have potentially important implications for non‐Military Spending and fiscal adjustment. In contrast to findings for previous periods, Military Spending has declined more than proportionately in those countries that have reduced total Spending. Countries with Fund programs have reduced Military Spending more sharply than other developing countries, largely reflecting outcomes in the transition economies. Further, Military Spending appears to have been less resilient in program countries than other developing countries.
Benedict J. Clements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries? An Examination of Trends and Key Determinants
IMF Working Papers, 2019Co-Authors: Benedict J. Clements, Sanjeev Gupta, Saida KhamidovaAbstract:This paper studies the evolution of worldwide Military Spending during 1970-2018. It finds that Military Spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide Spending, outlays have remained stubbornly high. Military Spending in developing economies reacts to improvements in security conditions and Military Spending in neighboring countries, suggesting that further increases in the peace dividend are possible. In developing economies, rising social Spending tends to crowd out Military outlays, but this is not the case in advanced economies. With social outlays projected to rise as developing countries look to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Military Spending could come under pressure to fall further.
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Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment
2001Co-Authors: Hamid R Davoodi, Jerald Schiff, Benedict J. Clements, Peter DebaereAbstract:This paper decomposes the sources of the peace dividend into global, regional, and country-specific factors, and analyzes their relative importance. It finds that the easing of international and regional tensions and the existence of IMF-supported adjustment programs are systematically related to lower Military Spending and a higher share of nonMilitary Spending in total government outlays. The easing of international tensions and of regional tensions since the end of the Cold War and the existence of IMF-supported adjustment programs account for 66 percent, 26 percent, and 11 percent of the decline in Military Spending, respectively. Furthermore, fiscal adjustment has implied a larger cut in Military Spending of countries with IMF-supported programs.
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Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment
1999Co-Authors: Hamid R Davoodi, Jerald Schiff, Benedict J. Clements, Peter DebaereAbstract:The end of the Cold War has ushered in significant changes in worldwide Military Spending. This paper finds that the easing of (1) international tensions, (2) regional tensions, and (3) the existence of IMF-supported programs are related to lower Military Spending and a higher share of nonMilitary Spending in total government outlays. These factors account for up to 66 percent, 26 percent, and 11 percent of the decline in Military Spending, respectively. Furthermore, fiscal adjustment has implied a larger cut in Military Spending of countries with IMF-supported programs.
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Worldwide Military Spending, 1990-95
Defence and Peace Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Jerald Schiff, Sanjeev Gupta, Benedict J. ClementsAbstract:The decline in Military Spending that began in the mid‐1980s continued through 1995, and this decline was widespread both geographically and by level of development. Cuts in Military Spending appear to have potentially important implications for non‐Military Spending and fiscal adjustment. In contrast to findings for previous periods, Military Spending has declined more than proportionately in those countries that have reduced total Spending. Countries with Fund programs have reduced Military Spending more sharply than other developing countries, largely reflecting outcomes in the transition economies. Further, Military Spending appears to have been less resilient in program countries than other developing countries.
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Worldwide Military Spending, 1990-1995
IMF Working Papers, 1996Co-Authors: Jerald Schiff, Benedict J. Clements, Sanjeev GuptaAbstract:The decline in Military Spending that began in the mid-1980s continued through 1995, and this decline was widespread both geographically and by level of development. Cuts in Military Spending appear to have potentially important implications for nonMilitary Spending and fiscal adjustment. In contrast to findings for previous periods, Military Spending has declined more than proportionately in those countries that have reduced total Spending. Countries with Fund programs have reduced Military Spending more sharply than other developing countries, largely reflecting outcomes in the transition economies. Further, Military Spending appears to have been less resilient in program countries than other developing countries.