The Experts below are selected from a list of 36714 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Taylor M Fravel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability in a secondary strategic direction china and the border dispute with india after 1962
2020Co-Authors: Taylor M FravelAbstract:This chapter reviews China’s approach to its disputed border with India after the war between the two countries in 1962. China’s approach has emphasized maintaining stability on its southwestern frontier, defined as preventing the escalation of armed conflict on the border and maintaining a dominant position in the dispute it enjoyed after the war. For China, its dispute with India has always been a strategic secondary direction and not the primary focus of its Military Strategy. Dominance on the border and deterring Indian challenges form the basis of stability from China’s standpoint.
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active defense china s Military Strategy since 1949
2019Co-Authors: Taylor M FravelAbstract:What changes in China's modern Military policy reveal about Military organizations and Strategy Since the 1949 Communist Revolution, China has devised nine different Military strategies, which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) calls "strategic guidelines." What accounts for these numerous changes? Active Defense offers the first systematic look at China's Military Strategy from the mid-twentieth century to today. Exploring the range and intensity of threats that China has faced, M. Taylor Fravel illuminates the nation's past and present Military goals and how China sought to achieve them, and offers a rich set of cases for deepening the study of change in Military organizations. Drawing from diverse Chinese-language sources, including memoirs of leading generals, Military histories, and document collections that have become available only in the last two decades, Fravel shows why transformations in Military Strategy were pursued at certain times and not others. He focuses on the Military strategies adopted in 1956, 1980, and 1993-when the PLA was attempting to wage war in a new kind of way-to show that China has pursued major change in its strategic guidelines when there has been a significant shift in the conduct of warfare in the international system and when China's Communist Party has been united. Delving into the security threats China has faced over the last seven decades, Active Defense offers a detailed investigation into how and why states alter their defense policies.
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shifts in warfare and party unity explaining china s changes in Military Strategy
International Security, 2018Co-Authors: Taylor M FravelAbstract:Since 1949, China has adopted nine national Military strategies, known as “strategic guidelines.” The strategies adopted in 1956, 1980, and 1993 represent major changes in China's Military Strategy...
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china s changing approach to Military Strategy the science of Military Strategy from 2001 and 2013
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Taylor M FravelAbstract:The 2013 publication of the Science of Military Strategy is an essential source for understanding how China’s thinking about Military Strategy is changing. To examine how China’s approach to Military Strategy is changing, this chapter compares the 2013 edition of the Science of Military Strategy with the 2001 edition. The chapter reaches two conclusions. First, the 2013 edition represents an evolution of China’s approach to thinking about Military Strategy. It does not contain a description of a revolutionary new approach to China’s Military Strategy. Instead, it examines changes in China’s security environment through traditional concepts that have underpinned the PLA’s approach to Strategy, such as “active defense,” by modifying or adjusting these ideas based on new circumstances. Second, a main theme throughout the text is how new and expanding interests overseas, along with worldwide advances in Military technology and the posture of potential adversaries, are expanding the battlespace in which the PLA will need to operate and the importance of greater strategic depth. Thus, much of the book can be interpreted as examining how the PLA should respond to these new conditions based on its traditional approach to Strategy.
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china s new Military Strategy winning informationized local wars
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Taylor M FravelAbstract:In May 2015, the new Defense White Paper, China’s Military Strategy, reveals that China has now officially adjusted its Military Strategy. This follows previous practice, such as when the 2004 strategic guideline was publicly confirmed in China’s defense white paper published in December 2004. In China’s approach to Military affairs, the Military strategic guideline represents China’s national Military Strategy. It provides authoritative guidance from the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) for all aspects of the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) combat-related activities. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, China has issued eight strategic guidelines (军事战略方针). The 2015 Defense White Paper reveals that a ninth change has occurred. The new guidelines shift the goal of China’s Military Strategy from “winning local wars under the conditions of informationization” to “winning informationized local wars.” The change in the strategic guidelines reflects an evolution of the existing Strategy, not a dramatic departure.
Matthew Mccaffrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Military Strategy and unproductive entrepreneurship in warring states china
Management & Organizational History, 2017Co-Authors: Matthew MccaffreyAbstract:AbstractInstitutions play a vital role in allocating entrepreneurial talent in society. Specifically, the payoffs to different kinds of innovation influence the allocation of entrepreneurial talent between productive, unproductive, and destructive behavior. I apply this insight to the case of the Military classics of China’s Warring States period, 475–221 BCE. The Warring States witnessed political centralization and incessant conflict that helped inspire numerous economic and social innovations. Among these are the appearance of many texts pertaining to governance and public policy, particularly writings on Military Strategy. Excellence in Strategy and planning were highly rewarded during this period, and competing states even developed an interstate market for Military talent. However, success in commerce was often not only frowned upon, but harshly punished. This tendency was reinforced by the rise of Legalist policies, which often recommended suppressing the merchant class relative to agricultural pro...
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Military Strategy and unproductive entrepreneurship in warring states china
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Matthew MccaffreyAbstract:Institutions play a vital role in allocating entrepreneurial talent in society. Specifically, the payoffs to different kinds of innovation influence the allocation of entrepreneurial talent between productive, unproductive, and destructive behavior. I apply this insight to the case of the Military classics of China’s Warring States period, 475-221 BCE. The Warring States witnessed political centralization and incessant conflict that helped inspire numerous economic and social innovations. Among these are the appearance of many texts pertaining to governance and public policy, particularly writings on Military Strategy. Excellence in Strategy and planning were highly rewarded during this period, and competing states even developed an inter-state market for Military talent. However, success in commerce was often not only frowned upon, but harshly punished. This tendency was reinforced by the rise of Legalist policies, which often recommended suppressing the merchant class relative to agricultural production and militarism. These institutional conditions limited the amount of ‘productive’ market entrepreneurship in the period, which was often instead channeled into ‘unproductive’ entrepreneurship, especially in Military organization and Strategy.
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the economics of sun pin s Military Strategy
Comparative Strategy, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew MccaffreyAbstract:ABSTRACTSun Tzu's Art of War is well-known for its influence in both strategic and management studies. However, most research has overlooked the Art of War produced by Sun Tzu's descendent, Sun Pin. This text, while not as easily interpreted as its more famous ancestor, also contains discussions of strategic decision making that can be examined from an economic or managerial point of view. It therefore merits attention as an important crossroads between strategic studies and other social sciences. The major purpose of this article is to survey and explain Sun Pin's economic ideas on several subjects: scarcity, proper resource management, war finance, the use of incentives, and the entrepreneurial element in strategic decision-making. A minor purpose is to contrast Sun Pin's approach to that of Sun Tzu, who emphasized many of the same concepts.
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the political economy of the art of war
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew MccaffreyAbstract:Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" deals with the economic aspects of Military operations as well as some more general economic principles. This article studies several of its economic ideas in turn: on war and the state, the effect of war on economic affairs, and the role of incentives in promoting desired behavior within Military organizations. It also discusses how the text treats ideal Military Strategy as a matter of opportunity discovery, analogous to entrepreneurship in the work of Israel Kirzner.
Manoj Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cyber warfare new dimension in security and Strategy
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Manoj KumarAbstract:For the last ten years major security thinkers are struggling to define cyber warfare as a part of Military Strategy and tactic. At times these attacks have been organized to weaken the war fighting capability of a State but still problems remains in the perspective of the target against which attack was launched and the nature of attackers. In both the contexts most of the time cyber attacks are not purely Military instruments. The increase in use of information technology specially in Military operations and logistics has also made Military vulnerable to cyber attacks this has led to creation of new Military establishments like creation of ‘cyber commands’ in different countries not only to prevent and protect against such attacks but also to launch counter attacks. There are multi-dimensional that are associated with cyber attacks as far attributability is concerned as these attacks are still to be defined comprehensively in international law and more importantly they are very difficult to investigate and collect evidence for prosecution purpose as far as legal proceedings are concerned.
Sumantra Maitra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment russian Military Strategy operational tactics and objective in syria
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Sumantra MaitraAbstract:Russian Military intervention in Syria started around September 2015, after an official request from the Syria's Bashar Al-Assad government. A revanchist Russia, even with a stagnated mono-industrial economy surprised the international community with the pace of attack and will to sustain the operation. It is important therefore to study and have a clear idea of Russia's Military Strategy, objective, goals, and operational tactics, as geopolitical dynamics of Europe and Asia is changing rapidly.
Thomas Leahy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Informers and Agents on Provisional Irish Republican Army Military Strategy and British Counter-Insurgency Strategy, 1976–94
Twentieth Century British History, 2014Co-Authors: Thomas LeahyAbstract:This article investigates the impact of British informers and agents on Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) Military Strategy and British counter-insurgency Strategy in Northern Ireland between 1976 and 1994. The importance of this topic was highlighted by revelations in 2003 and 2005 concerning two senior republicans who had both been working for British intelligence for decades. While acknowledging other important factors, various authors believe that these intelligence successes were vital in containing the IRA, and significantly influenced that organization to end its Military campaign in the 1990s. Yet after cross-referencing new interview material primarily with memoirs from various participants in the Northern Ireland conflict, this article reveals that the nature of many rural IRA units, its cellular structure in Belfast, and the isolation of the IRA leadership from the rest of the movement, prevented it from being damaged to any considerable extent by informers and agents. In fact, by the 1990s the resilience of the IRA was a crucial factor encouraging the British government to include Provisional Republicans in a political settlement. The IRA’s Military strength by the 1990s also points towards the prominence of political factors in persuading the IRA to call a ceasefire by 1994. The role of spies in Northern Ireland and the circumstances in which the state permitted negotiations with paramilitaries such as the IRA, are key considerations for those interested in other recent and current conflicts.