The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alireza Ghanadan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pigmented colloid Milium associated with exogenous ochronosis in a farmer with long term exposure to fertilizers
Journal of Dermatological Case Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Maryam Akhyani, Parvaneh Hatami, Zahra Yadegarfar, Alireza GhanadanAbstract:Background: Colloid Milium is a rare cutaneous deposition disorder characterized by translucent papules developing on sun-exposed regions such as the face, neck and dorsal aspects of the hands and back. Exogenous ochronosis is caused by the accumulation of homogentisic acid resulting from long-term application of certain topical agents. Histology is characterized by yellow-brown pigment deposits in the papillary dermis. Prolonged use of hydroquinone may result in the development of the pigmented form of colloid Milium, sometimes in association with ochronosis. Case report: A 53-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of multiple slow spreading pigmented papules on the dorsa of his hands, nose and ears. The patient had a long history of exposure to sun and fertilizers with no history of using hydroquinone bleaching creams. A later biopsy revealed the diagnosis of pigmented colloid Milium associated with exogenous ochronosis. Conclusion: UV light damage and long contact with fertilizers may have a role in the development of pigmented colloid Milium associated with exogenous ochronosis. ( J Dermatol Case Rep. 2015; 9(2): 42-45)
W. James Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cilium structure, assembly, and disassembly regulated by the cytoskeleton
Biochemical Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Mary Mirvis, Tim Stearns, W. James NelsonAbstract:The cilium, once considered a vestigial structure, is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle critical for transducing extracellular chemical and mechanical signals that control cell polarity, differentiation, and proliferation. The cilium undergoes cycles of assembly and disassembly that are controlled by complex inter-relationships with the cytoskeleton. Microtubules form the core of the cilium, the axoneme, and are regulated by post-translational modifications, associated proteins, and microtubule dynamics. Although actin and septin cytoskeletons are not major components of the axoneme, they also regulate cilium organization and assembly state. Here, we discuss recent advances on how these different cytoskeletal systems affect cilium function, structure, and organization.
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Ciliary diffusion barrier: the gatekeeper for the primary cilium compartment.
Cytoskeleton, 2011Co-Authors: W. James NelsonAbstract:The primary cilium is a cellular antenna that detects and transmits chemical and mechanical cues in the environment through receptors and downstream signal proteins enriched along the ciliary membrane. While it is known that ciliary membrane proteins enter the cilium by way of vesicular and intraflagellar transport, less is known about how ciliary membrane proteins are retained in, and how apical membrane proteins are excluded from the cilium. Here, we review evidence for a membrane diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium, and highlight the recent finding of a septin cytoskeleton diffusion barrier. We also discuss candidate ciliopathy genes that may be involved in formation of the barrier, and the role of a diffusion barrier as a common mechanism for compartmentalizing membranes and lipid domains.
Pascal Peraldi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The primary cilium is necessary for the differentiation and the maintenance of human adipose progenitors into myofibroblasts.
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Nicole Arrighi, Christian Dani, K. Lypovetska, Claudine Moratal, Sophie Giorgetti-peraldi, Claude A. Dechesne, Pascal PeraldiAbstract:The primary cilium is an organelle, present at the cell surface, with various biological functions. We, and others, have shown that it plays a role in the differentiation of adipose progenitors (APs) into adipocytes. APs can also differentiate into myofibroblasts when treated with TGF-β1. Several components of the TGF-β1 pathway are located within the cilium suggesting a function for this organelle in AP myofibrogenesis. We studied differentiation of APs into myofibroblasts in two human models: APs of the adipose tissue (aAPs) and APs resident in the skeletal muscles (mAPs). We showed that, in vivo, myofibroblasts within muscles of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy were ciliated. In vitro, myofibroblasts derived from APs maintained a functional primary cilium. Using HPI4, a small molecule that inhibits ciliogenesis, and siRNA against Kif-3A, we provide evidence that the primary cilium is necessary both for the differentiation of APs into myofibroblasts and the maintenance of the phenotype. Disruption of the primary cilium inhibited TGF-β1-signalisation providing a molecular mechanism by which the cilium controls myofibroblast differentiation. These data suggest that myofibroblasts from various origins are controlled differently by their primary cilium.
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The primary cilium undergoes dynamic size modifications during adipocyte differentiation of human adipose stem cells
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2015Co-Authors: Nicolas Forcioli-conti, Sandra Lacas-gervais, Christian Dani, Pascal PeraldiAbstract:The primary cilium is an organelle present in most of the cells of the organism. Ciliopathies are genetic disorders of the primary cilium and can be associated with obesity. We have studied the primary cilium during adipocyte differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASC). We show here that the size of the primary cilium follows several modifications during adipocyte differentiation. It is absent in growing cells and appears in confluent cells. Interestingly, during the first days of differentiation, the cilium undergoes a dramatic elongation that can be mimicked by dexamethasone alone. Thereafter, its size decreases. It can still be detected in cells that begin to accumulate lipids but is absent in cells that are filled with lipids. The cilium elongation does not seem to affect the localization of proteins associated with the cilium such as Kif3-A or Smoothened. However, Hedgehog signaling, an anti-adipogenic pathway dependent on the primary cilium, is inhibited after three days of differentiation, concomitantly with the cilium size increase. Together, these results shed new light on the primary cilium and could provide us with new information on adipocyte differentiation under normal and pathological conditions.
Sylvia Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unilateral colloid Milium of the arm
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2002Co-Authors: Alan T Lewis, Long T Quan, Bhuvaneswari Krishnan, Jennifer Schulmeier, Sylvia HsuAbstract:Abstract We describe a case of colloid Milium limited to the left arm. To the best of our knowledge, only 2 other cases of unilateral colloid Milium have been reported. All of these patients had occupational UV light exposure patterns that could account for this unique distribution. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:S5-7.)
Nursel Gul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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juvenile colloid Milium associated with conjunctival and gingival involvement
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2003Co-Authors: Tugba Oskay, Cengizhan Erdem, Rana Anadolu, Yavuz Peksan, Nesrin Ozsoy, Nursel GulAbstract:Juvenile colloid Milium is an uncommon cutaneous disease characterized by translucent papules distributed on sun-exposed areas with early onset. Association of juvenile colloid Milium with conjunctival and gingival deposits is uncommon and interesting. We report a case of juvenile colloid Milium associated with conjunctival and gingivai deposits of an amyloid-like homogeneous eosinophilic material. It seems that all 3 of these in our patient may be different expressions of the same pathologic disease.