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Omeid Rahmani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an experimental study of accelerated Mineral Carbonation of industrial waste red gypsum for co2 sequestration
Journal of CO 2 Utilization, 2020Co-Authors: Omeid RahmaniAbstract:Abstract This study provides a novel approach to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) using industrial waste red gypsum (RG) in an accelerated Mineral Carbonation process. In this study, RG samples and products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD analysis of RG revealed that two main constitutions of RG are gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and hematite (Fe2O3). From XRF analysis, RG samples consisted of calcium oxide (CaO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) as major components and titanium dioxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (MnO), and europium oxide (Eu2O3) as minor components. The accelerated Mineral Carbonation of RG was first performed using different concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from 0.5 M to 2 M to extract the calcium ions from the RG. Then, the Mineral Carbonation process was performed within an Autoclave mini reactor by preparing an aqueous solution containing RG, CO2, and 5 wt% 0.1 M to 1.4 M mono-ethanolamine (MEA). The results showed that using 1.4 M MEA could absorb the highest amount of CO2 to precipitate the calcite. The significant advantages of using MEA were related to the further absorption of CO2 than 2 M H2SO4 in the slurry and the lower consumption of energy to precipitate the calcite. The findings presented in this study shed new light on precipitating carbonate Minerals like calcite from industrial wastes rich in calcium as well as ones rich in iron, barium, and magnesium.
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co2 sequestration by indirect Mineral Carbonation of industrial waste red gypsum
Journal of CO 2 Utilization, 2018Co-Authors: Omeid RahmaniAbstract:Abstract In this research, the characterization of red gypsum (RG) and its reaction progress during the indirect Mineral Carbonation process were studied. X-ray diffraction results showed that the calcium sulfate and hematite are the dominant components in the RG samples. Three main phases of calcium in the RG were recognized: Ca (OH)2, Ca-S-O, and Ca-Fe-O. Element analysis by ICP-OES also revealed that the RG consists of three major constitutions: CaO (32.2%), SO3 (31.6%), and Fe2O3 (28.99%). To understand the reaction progress of RG in the Carbonation process, the reaction model code PHREEQC-2.18 was found to be a very useful tool since it allows the exposure of all dissolved species of RG and presents its Mineral phases at each time step. Furthermore, the Mineral Carbonation of RG delivered the reaction progress changes with Ca phases and, therefore, dissolved calcium (hydr)oxide starts to control the pH and the CO2 uptake. In short, the findings of this study could be useful in resolving problem of greenhouse gases with less environmental issues.
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experimental investigation and simplistic geochemical modeling of co2 Mineral Carbonation using the mount tawai peridotite
Molecules, 2016Co-Authors: Omeid Rahmani, Radzuan Junin, Mark Tyrer, James Highfield, Amin Beiranvand PourAbstract:In this work, the potential of CO2 Mineral Carbonation of brucite (Mg(OH)2) derived from the Mount Tawai peridotite (forsterite based (Mg)2SiO4) to produce thermodynamically stable magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was evaluated. The effect of three main factors (reaction temperature, particle size, and water vapor) were investigated in a sequence of experiments consisting of aqueous acid leaching, evaporation to dryness of the slurry mass, and then gas-solid Carbonation under pressurized CO2. The maximum amount of Mg converted to MgCO3 is ~99%, which occurred at temperatures between 150 and 175 °C. It was also found that the reduction of particle size range from >200 to <75 µm enhanced the leaching rate significantly. In addition, the results showed the essential role of water vapor in promoting effective Carbonation. By increasing water vapor concentration from 5 to 10 vol %, the Mineral Carbonation rate increased by 30%. This work has also numerically modeled the process by which CO2 gas may be sequestered, by reaction with forsterite in the presence of moisture. In both experimental analysis and geochemical modeling, the results showed that the reaction is favored and of high yield; going almost to completion (within about one year) with the bulk of the carbon partitioning into magnesite and that very little remains in solution.
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Mineral Carbonation of red gypsum for co2 sequestration
Energy & Fuels, 2014Co-Authors: Omeid Rahmani, Radzuan Junin, Mark Tyrer, Rahmat MohsinAbstract:Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere is a key challenge to mitigate the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. CO2 emissions cause lots of problems for the health of humans and increase global warming, in which CO2 uptake decreases these environmental issues. The Mineral Carbonation process is an alternative method during which industrial wastes rich in calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) react with CO2 to form a stable carbonate Mineral. In this research, the feasibility of CO2 Mineral Carbonation by the use of red gypsum, as a Ca-rich source, was evaluated using an autoclave mini reactor. Wide-range conditions of procedure variables, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, CO2 pressure, and liquid/solid ratio, on the rate of Mineral Carbonation were studied. The results showed that the maximum conversion of Ca (98.8%) is obtained at the condition that has an optimum amount of these variables. Moreover, the results confirmed that red gypsum has high potential to form calcium carbonat...
Amin Azdarpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co2 sequestration through direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation of red gypsum
Petroleum, 2017Co-Authors: Amin Azdarpour, Hossein Hamidi, Erfan Mohammadian, Mohammad Afkhami Karaei, Bizhan HonarvarAbstract:Abstract In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics and direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation of red gypsum have been investigated. The characterization studies showed that red gypsum is a very potential feedstock for Mineral Carbonation. It is mainly consisted of CaO, Fe2O3 and SO3 along with some impurities. On the other hand, the Carbonation results showed that direct aqueous Carbonation of red gypsum resulted in CaCO3 and FeCO3 production, however, the carbonates purity and Carbonation efficiency are still very low.
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a review on carbon dioxide Mineral Carbonation through ph swing process
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Amin Azdarpour, Radzuan Junin, Mohammad Asadullah, Hossein Hamidi, Erfan Mohammadian, Mohammad Afkhami KaraeiAbstract:Carbon dioxide (CO2) Mineral sequestration technologies are potentially capable of sequestering billion tonnes of CO2 annually. In recent years, pH swing Mineral Carbonation has received significant attention due to its high potentiality toward CO2 fixation. This review compiles the work conducted by various researchers over the last few years on pH swing Mineral Carbonation process. In this review, feedstocks used for pH swing process are introduced. The extraction and Carbonation steps, as the main steps of pH swing process are critically reviewed. The role of reaction condition on extraction efficiency of calcium and magnesium from feedstocks and the kinetics involved in extraction step are also critically reviewed. The experimental procedures of pH swing and in situ pH swing Mineral Carbonation using different Minerals and industrial wastes are critically discussed. Moreover, the drawbacks of each pH swing process in terms of cost and energy analysis are also discussed in this review.
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Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation Through pH-swing Process: A Review☆
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Amin Azdarpour, Radzuan Junin, Mohammad Asadullah, Muhammad A. Manan, Hossein Hamidi, Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad DaudAbstract:Abstract The promotion of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction methods is due to the fact that the CO2 concentration has been increasing rapidly in 21st century. In order to prevent further damage of the environment caused by greenhouse gases, CO2 concentration should be stabilized by increasing CO2 fixation, which can reduce CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Mineral carbon sequestration or Mineral Carbonation is the process of utilizing Minerals, mostly rich in calcium and magnesium (Ca/Mg) as the feedstock in reaction with CO2 to produce stable solid carbonates. Mineral Carbonation through indirect pH swing process is a very effective method for producing calcium and magnesium carbonates. The Ca/Mg ions are extracted out of feedstock using suitable solvents at low pH condition and then in the second step the leached Ca/Mg ions are carbonated at elevated pH condition. In this paper the state-of-the-art of the Carbonation involving pH swing method is updated.
Carine Julcour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of an attrition leaching hybrid process for direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Carine Julcour, Florent Bourgeois, Benjamin Bonfils, Imane Benhamed, Francois Guyot, Francoise Bodenan, Charlotte Petiot, Eric C GaucherAbstract:Mineral Carbonation is the single most eligible companion solution to geosequestration for mitigation of anthropic CO2 emissions on a large scale. Amongst its possible pathways, direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation stands out as one of the most promising ones. The originality of the present work lies in the transposition of the concomitant exfoliation/Mineralisation concept, which was first proposed by the Mineral Carbonation research group from the Arizona State University in early 2000s, inside a dedicated attrition environment, more specifically inside a stirred bead mill. Experimental results and analyses bring definite proofs about the possibility and synergy of concomitant exfoliation and Mineralisation. Given high Carbonation yield for olivine and serpentinised ores (up to 35% in 5 h and 80% in 24 h in water, and 70% in 5 h with inorganic additives) and the capacity of stirred mills to process mining size throughputs, this work leads to real perspectives for developing large scale robust solutions for direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation.
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development of an attrition leaching hybrid process for direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Carine Julcour, Florent Bourgeois, Benjamin Bonfils, Imane Benhamed, Francois Guyot, Francoise Bodenan, Charlotte Petiot, Eric C GaucherAbstract:Mineral Carbonation is the single most eligible companion solution to geosequestration for mitigation of anthropic CO2 emissions on a large scale. Amongst its possible pathways, direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation stands out as one of the most promising ones. The originality of the present work lies in the transposition of the concomitant exfoliation/Mineralisation concept, which was first proposed by the Mineral Carbonation research group from the Arizona State University in early 2000s, inside a dedicated attrition environment, more specifically inside a stirred bead mill. Experimental results and analyses bring definite proofs about the possibility and synergy of concomitant exfoliation and Mineralisation. Given high Carbonation yield for olivine and serpentinised ores (up to 35% in 5 h and 80% in 24 h in water, and 70% in 5 h with inorganic additives) and the capacity of stirred mills to process mining size throughputs, this work leads to real perspectives for developing large scale robust solutions for direct aqueous Mineral Carbonation.
Radzuan Junin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigation and simplistic geochemical modeling of co2 Mineral Carbonation using the mount tawai peridotite
Molecules, 2016Co-Authors: Omeid Rahmani, Radzuan Junin, Mark Tyrer, James Highfield, Amin Beiranvand PourAbstract:In this work, the potential of CO2 Mineral Carbonation of brucite (Mg(OH)2) derived from the Mount Tawai peridotite (forsterite based (Mg)2SiO4) to produce thermodynamically stable magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was evaluated. The effect of three main factors (reaction temperature, particle size, and water vapor) were investigated in a sequence of experiments consisting of aqueous acid leaching, evaporation to dryness of the slurry mass, and then gas-solid Carbonation under pressurized CO2. The maximum amount of Mg converted to MgCO3 is ~99%, which occurred at temperatures between 150 and 175 °C. It was also found that the reduction of particle size range from >200 to <75 µm enhanced the leaching rate significantly. In addition, the results showed the essential role of water vapor in promoting effective Carbonation. By increasing water vapor concentration from 5 to 10 vol %, the Mineral Carbonation rate increased by 30%. This work has also numerically modeled the process by which CO2 gas may be sequestered, by reaction with forsterite in the presence of moisture. In both experimental analysis and geochemical modeling, the results showed that the reaction is favored and of high yield; going almost to completion (within about one year) with the bulk of the carbon partitioning into magnesite and that very little remains in solution.
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a review on carbon dioxide Mineral Carbonation through ph swing process
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Amin Azdarpour, Radzuan Junin, Mohammad Asadullah, Hossein Hamidi, Erfan Mohammadian, Mohammad Afkhami KaraeiAbstract:Carbon dioxide (CO2) Mineral sequestration technologies are potentially capable of sequestering billion tonnes of CO2 annually. In recent years, pH swing Mineral Carbonation has received significant attention due to its high potentiality toward CO2 fixation. This review compiles the work conducted by various researchers over the last few years on pH swing Mineral Carbonation process. In this review, feedstocks used for pH swing process are introduced. The extraction and Carbonation steps, as the main steps of pH swing process are critically reviewed. The role of reaction condition on extraction efficiency of calcium and magnesium from feedstocks and the kinetics involved in extraction step are also critically reviewed. The experimental procedures of pH swing and in situ pH swing Mineral Carbonation using different Minerals and industrial wastes are critically discussed. Moreover, the drawbacks of each pH swing process in terms of cost and energy analysis are also discussed in this review.
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Mineral Carbonation of red gypsum for co2 sequestration
Energy & Fuels, 2014Co-Authors: Omeid Rahmani, Radzuan Junin, Mark Tyrer, Rahmat MohsinAbstract:Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere is a key challenge to mitigate the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. CO2 emissions cause lots of problems for the health of humans and increase global warming, in which CO2 uptake decreases these environmental issues. The Mineral Carbonation process is an alternative method during which industrial wastes rich in calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) react with CO2 to form a stable carbonate Mineral. In this research, the feasibility of CO2 Mineral Carbonation by the use of red gypsum, as a Ca-rich source, was evaluated using an autoclave mini reactor. Wide-range conditions of procedure variables, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, CO2 pressure, and liquid/solid ratio, on the rate of Mineral Carbonation were studied. The results showed that the maximum conversion of Ca (98.8%) is obtained at the condition that has an optimum amount of these variables. Moreover, the results confirmed that red gypsum has high potential to form calcium carbonat...
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Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation Through pH-swing Process: A Review☆
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Amin Azdarpour, Radzuan Junin, Mohammad Asadullah, Muhammad A. Manan, Hossein Hamidi, Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad DaudAbstract:Abstract The promotion of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction methods is due to the fact that the CO2 concentration has been increasing rapidly in 21st century. In order to prevent further damage of the environment caused by greenhouse gases, CO2 concentration should be stabilized by increasing CO2 fixation, which can reduce CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Mineral carbon sequestration or Mineral Carbonation is the process of utilizing Minerals, mostly rich in calcium and magnesium (Ca/Mg) as the feedstock in reaction with CO2 to produce stable solid carbonates. Mineral Carbonation through indirect pH swing process is a very effective method for producing calcium and magnesium carbonates. The Ca/Mg ions are extracted out of feedstock using suitable solvents at low pH condition and then in the second step the leached Ca/Mg ions are carbonated at elevated pH condition. In this paper the state-of-the-art of the Carbonation involving pH swing method is updated.
Rafael M Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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accelerated Mineral Carbonation of stainless steel slags for co2 storage and waste valorization effect of process parameters on geochemical properties
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael M Santos, Jens Van Bouwel, Ellen Vandevelde, Gilles Mertens, Jan Elsen, Tom Van GervenAbstract:Abstract This work explores the Mineral Carbonation of stainless steel slags in search for a technically and economically feasible treatment solution that steers these waste residues away from costly disposal in landfills and into valuable applications. Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) and Continuous Casting (CC) slags prove ideal for Mineral Carbonation as their powdery morphology forgoes the need for milling and provides sufficient surface area for high reactivity towards direct aqueous Carbonation. Experiments were undertaken using two methodologies: unpressurized thin-film Carbonation, and pressurized slurry Carbonation. The influence of process parameters (temperature, CO 2 partial pressure, time, and solids loading) on the slag Carbonation conversion are investigated, seeking the optimal conditions that maximize the potential of the slags as carbon sinks. It was found that CC slag carbonates more extensively than AOD slag at essentially every processing condition due to differences in particle microstructure; still, it was possible to reach up to 0.26 and 0.31 g,CO 2 /g,slag uptake with AOD and CC slags, respectively, at optimal processing conditions via pressurized slurry Carbonation. Mineral Carbonation conversion was accompanied by significant reduction in basicity, as much as two pH units, and stabilization of heavy metals leaching, meeting regulatory limits (borderline for Cr) for safe waste materials re-use. Via quantitative Mineralogical analyses, it was possible to differentiate the Carbonation reactivity of several alkaline Mineral phases, and to discern the preferential formation of certain Ca- and Mg-carbonates depending on the processing route and operating conditions. Slurry Carbonation was found to deliver greater Mineral Carbonation conversion and optimal treatment homogeneity, which are required for commercial applications. However, thin-film Carbonation may be a more feasible route for the utilization of slags solely as carbon sinks, particularly due to the elimination of several processing steps and reduction of energy demand.
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recent developments and perspectives on the treatment of industrial wastes by Mineral Carbonation a review
Central European Journal of Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Marius Bodor, Rafael M Santos, Tom Van Gerven, Maria VladAbstract:Besides producing a substantial portion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the industrial sector also generates significant quantities of solid residues. Mineral Carbonation of alkaline wastes enables the combination of these two by-products, increasing the sustainability of industrial activities. On top of sequestering CO2 in geochemically stable form, Mineral Carbonation of waste materials also brings benefits such as stabilization of leaching, basicity and structural integrity, enabling further valorization of the residues, either via reduced waste treatment or landfilling costs, or via the production of marketable products. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of this technology and the latest developments in this field. Focus is given to the beneficial effects of Mineral Carbonation when applied to metallurgical slags, incineration ashes, mining tailings, asbestos containing materials, red mud, and oil shale processing residues. Efforts to intensify the Carbonation reaction rate and improve the Mineral conversion via process intensification routes, such as the application of ultrasound, hot-stage processing and integrated reactor technologies, are described. Valorization opportunities closest to making the transition from laboratory research to commercial reality, particularly in the form of shaped construction materials and precipitated calcium carbonate, are highlighted. Lastly, the context of Mineral Carbonation among the range of CCS options is discussed.
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integrated Mineral Carbonation reactor technology for sustainable carbon dioxide sequestration co2 energy reactor
Energy Procedia, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael M Santos, Wouter Verbeeck, Pol Knops, Keesjan Rijnsburger, Yiannis Pontikes, Tom Van GervenAbstract:Abstract To overcome the limitations of Mineral Carbonation that thus far have prevented it from becoming an acceptable route to sustainable CO 2 sequestration, a novel reactor technology that makes use of a Gravity Pressure Vessel is developed. The ‘CO 2 Energy Reactor’ applies the principles of process integration and process intensification to achieve the technological leap needed to make Mineral Carbonation industrially feasible. Its autothermicity, hydrostatic pressurization, vertical plug flow design and underground installation make it an appealing alternative to other CCS techniques. This work reports the technical details of the conceptual design, and studies the effect of process parameters on reaction characteristics (kinetics and conversion) and energy balances by means of mathematical modeling. The parameter sets (particle size, solids loading, pumping rate, and reactor dimensions) that ensure autothermic behavior, maximize Carbonation efficiency and enable recoverable heat generation are identified.
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synthesis of pure aragonite by sonochemical Mineral Carbonation
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2012Co-Authors: Rafael M Santos, Pieter Ceulemans, Tom Van GervenAbstract:Abstract The objective of this work was to promote the formation of the aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate, which has some valuable applications in industry, via the Mineral Carbonation route. The combination of ultrasound with magnesium ions promoted the formation of pure aragonite crystals at optimum conditions. It was possible to synthesize high purity aragonite precipitates at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 70 °C, with the resulting powders possessing varying particle size distributions (from sub-micron up to 20 μm) and crystal morphologies (from acicular needles to novel hubbard squash-like particles). Several process parameters were found to influence the produced calcium carbonate polymorph ratios (aragonite over calcite). Higher values of magnesium-to-calcium ratio, intermediate ultrasound amplitude (60%), continuous ultrasound application (100% cycle), introduction of ultrasound pre-breakage, lowering of the CO 2 flow rate, and increase in the relative concentration (g/L Ca(OH) 2 ), all promoted aragonite formation. A potential route for industrial production of this material has been identified via a fed-batch process, which effectively reutilizes magnesium chloride while maintaining high aragonite yield. The results presented herein are significantly superior to aragonite formation using only single promoting techniques, typically found in literature, and go beyond by focusing on pure (>99%) aragonite formation.
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process intensification routes for Mineral Carbonation
Greenhouse Gases-Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Rafael M Santos, Tom Van GervenAbstract:Mineral Carbonation is a realistic route for capture and storage of carbon dioxide. The principal advantages of this approach are the chemical stability and storage safety of Mineral carbonates, the opportunities for process integration available, and the potential for conversion of low‐value materials into useful products. In this work, the valorization of alkaline waste materials from thermal processes by Mineral Carbonation utilizing intensified and integrated Mineral Carbonation routes is explored. Process intensification aims at providing the paradigm‐shifting techniques needed to revolutionize the chemical engineering industry in the twenty‐first century, particularly focusing on improvements toward process efficiency, yield, and sustainability. The combination of process intensification and process integration strategies has the potential to produce economically feasible and industrially acceptable Carbonation technologies that can soon be implemented large scale, several examples of which are already proven at laboratory scale and are herein discussed. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd