The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lucianne Cople Maia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The performance of probiotic fermented sheep milk and ice cream sheep milk in inhibiting enamel Mineral Loss.
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Patricia Nadelman, M. M. Andrade, Celso Fasura Balthazar, J.v. Frazão, Thiago Isidro Vieira, Adílis Kalina Alexandria, Adriano G. Cruz, Andréa Fonseca-gonçalves, Lucianne Cople MaiaAbstract:Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different sheep milk-based food matrices – fermented sheep milk and ice cream – with added probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei 431) on dental enamel subjected to an in vitro highly cariogenic challenge. Sixty enamel blocks were selected and randomly allocated into five treatment groups (n = 12): conventional fermented sheep milk (CFSM), probiotic fermented sheep milk (PFSM), conventional sheep milk ice cream (CSMIC), probiotic sheep milk ice cream (PSMIC) and control using deionized water. The blocks were subjected to highly cariogenic pH cycling and the products were applied (5 min), in a blinded way, once a day to simulate a daily use for 8 consecutive days. A microhardness test was performed before and after the treatment to estimate the percentage of microhardness surface Loss (% SML). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was performed to confirm the Mineral Loss. All groups had lost microhardness after the experiment. However, CFSM and PFSM exhibited the most positive findings when compared to the control in both ice creams. Scanning electron microscopy showed less Mineral Loss in CFSM and PFSM compared with CSMIC, PSMIC and control after the cariogenic challenge. Overall, fermented milk decreased Mineral Loss from enamel subjected to a highly cariogenic challenge, regardless of the presence of probiotics in their composition, which had a higher efficacy compared to ice cream.
Harry K. Genant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cortical and trabecular bone Mineral Loss from the spine and hip in long duration spaceflight
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Lang, Harry K. Genant, Adrian Leblanc, Harlan J Evans, Ying Lu, Alice YuAbstract:We measured cortical and trabecular bone Loss using QCT of the spine and hip in 14 crewmembers making 4- to 6-month flights on the International Space Station. There was no compartment-specific Loss of bone in the spine. Cortical bone Mineral Loss in the hip occurred primarily by endocortical thinning. Introduction: In an earlier study, areal BMD (aBMD) measurements by DXA showed that cosmonauts making flights of 4- to 12-month duration on the Soviet/Russian MIR spacecraft lost bone at an average rate of 1%/month from the spine and 1.5%/month from the hip. However, because DXA measurements represent the sum of the cortical and trabecular compartments, there is no direct information on how these bone envelopes are affected by spaceflight. Materials and Methods: To address this, we performed a study of crewmembers (13 males and 1 female; age range, 40-55 years) on long-duration missions (4-6 months) on the International Space Station (ISS). We used DXA to obtain aBMD of the hip and spine and volumetric QCT (vQCT) to assess integral, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) in the hip and spine. In the heel, DXA was used to measure aBMD, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was used to measure speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). Results and Conclusions: aBMD was lost at rates of 0.9%/month at the spine (p < 0.001) and 1.4-1.5%/month at the hip (p < 0.001). Spinal integral vBMD was lost at a rate of 0.9%/month (p < 0.001), and trabecular vBMD was lost at 0.7%/month (p < 0.05). In contrast to earlier reports, these changes were generalized across the vertebrae and not focused in the posterior elements. In the hip, integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD was lost at rates of 1.2-1.5%/month (p < 0.0001), 0.4-0.5%/month (p < 0.01), and 2.2-2.7%/month (p < 0.001), respectively. The cortical bone Loss in the hip occurred primarily by cortical thinning. Calcaneal aBMD measurements by DXA showed smaller mean Losses (0.4%/month) than hip or spine measurements, with SOS and BUA showing no change. In summary, our results show that ISS crewmembers, on average, experience substantial Loss of both trabecular and cortical bone in the hip and somewhat smaller Losses in the spine. These results do not support the use of calcaneal aBMD or QUS measurements as surrogate measures to estimate changes in the central skeleton.
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Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone Loss after oophorectomy. 1982.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2000Co-Authors: Harry K. Genant, Christopher E. Cann, Bruce Ettinger, Gilbert S. GordanAbstract:We assessed serially the bone Mineral Loss in 37 premenopausal women for 24 months after oophorectomy and determined the dose-response for conjugated estrogen therapy in preventing this Loss. Spinal cancellous bone was measured by quantitative computed tomography and measurement of appendicular cortical bone by radial photon absorptiometry and metacarpal radiogrammetry. For the placebo and low-dose treatment groups, the mean annual bone Mineral Losses were 7% to 9% from the vertebral spongiosum and 1% to 3% from the peripheral cortex. The correlation between axial and appendicular Loss was weak (r = 0.581), precluding a reliable estimate of spinal Loss from peripheral measurements. For the maximal-dose group (0.6 mg/d), the mean annual bone Mineral Losses were less than 0.5% from the axial and appendicular sites, and were not significant. The results indicate that spinal quantitative computed tomography provides a highly sensitive measurement of bone Mineral Loss after oophorectomy, that bone Mineral Loss is five- to sevenfold greater from the spinal spongiosum than from the appendicular cortex, and that conjugated estrogen in doses of less than 0.6 mg/d are inadequate to prevent the vertebral Mineral Loss.
Patricia Nadelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The performance of probiotic fermented sheep milk and ice cream sheep milk in inhibiting enamel Mineral Loss.
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Patricia Nadelman, M. M. Andrade, Celso Fasura Balthazar, J.v. Frazão, Thiago Isidro Vieira, Adílis Kalina Alexandria, Adriano G. Cruz, Andréa Fonseca-gonçalves, Lucianne Cople MaiaAbstract:Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different sheep milk-based food matrices – fermented sheep milk and ice cream – with added probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei 431) on dental enamel subjected to an in vitro highly cariogenic challenge. Sixty enamel blocks were selected and randomly allocated into five treatment groups (n = 12): conventional fermented sheep milk (CFSM), probiotic fermented sheep milk (PFSM), conventional sheep milk ice cream (CSMIC), probiotic sheep milk ice cream (PSMIC) and control using deionized water. The blocks were subjected to highly cariogenic pH cycling and the products were applied (5 min), in a blinded way, once a day to simulate a daily use for 8 consecutive days. A microhardness test was performed before and after the treatment to estimate the percentage of microhardness surface Loss (% SML). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was performed to confirm the Mineral Loss. All groups had lost microhardness after the experiment. However, CFSM and PFSM exhibited the most positive findings when compared to the control in both ice creams. Scanning electron microscopy showed less Mineral Loss in CFSM and PFSM compared with CSMIC, PSMIC and control after the cariogenic challenge. Overall, fermented milk decreased Mineral Loss from enamel subjected to a highly cariogenic challenge, regardless of the presence of probiotics in their composition, which had a higher efficacy compared to ice cream.
Alice Yu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cortical and trabecular bone Mineral Loss from the spine and hip in long duration spaceflight
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Lang, Harry K. Genant, Adrian Leblanc, Harlan J Evans, Ying Lu, Alice YuAbstract:We measured cortical and trabecular bone Loss using QCT of the spine and hip in 14 crewmembers making 4- to 6-month flights on the International Space Station. There was no compartment-specific Loss of bone in the spine. Cortical bone Mineral Loss in the hip occurred primarily by endocortical thinning. Introduction: In an earlier study, areal BMD (aBMD) measurements by DXA showed that cosmonauts making flights of 4- to 12-month duration on the Soviet/Russian MIR spacecraft lost bone at an average rate of 1%/month from the spine and 1.5%/month from the hip. However, because DXA measurements represent the sum of the cortical and trabecular compartments, there is no direct information on how these bone envelopes are affected by spaceflight. Materials and Methods: To address this, we performed a study of crewmembers (13 males and 1 female; age range, 40-55 years) on long-duration missions (4-6 months) on the International Space Station (ISS). We used DXA to obtain aBMD of the hip and spine and volumetric QCT (vQCT) to assess integral, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) in the hip and spine. In the heel, DXA was used to measure aBMD, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was used to measure speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). Results and Conclusions: aBMD was lost at rates of 0.9%/month at the spine (p < 0.001) and 1.4-1.5%/month at the hip (p < 0.001). Spinal integral vBMD was lost at a rate of 0.9%/month (p < 0.001), and trabecular vBMD was lost at 0.7%/month (p < 0.05). In contrast to earlier reports, these changes were generalized across the vertebrae and not focused in the posterior elements. In the hip, integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD was lost at rates of 1.2-1.5%/month (p < 0.0001), 0.4-0.5%/month (p < 0.01), and 2.2-2.7%/month (p < 0.001), respectively. The cortical bone Loss in the hip occurred primarily by cortical thinning. Calcaneal aBMD measurements by DXA showed smaller mean Losses (0.4%/month) than hip or spine measurements, with SOS and BUA showing no change. In summary, our results show that ISS crewmembers, on average, experience substantial Loss of both trabecular and cortical bone in the hip and somewhat smaller Losses in the spine. These results do not support the use of calcaneal aBMD or QUS measurements as surrogate measures to estimate changes in the central skeleton.
Adrian Leblanc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cortical and trabecular bone Mineral Loss from the spine and hip in long duration spaceflight
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Lang, Harry K. Genant, Adrian Leblanc, Harlan J Evans, Ying Lu, Alice YuAbstract:We measured cortical and trabecular bone Loss using QCT of the spine and hip in 14 crewmembers making 4- to 6-month flights on the International Space Station. There was no compartment-specific Loss of bone in the spine. Cortical bone Mineral Loss in the hip occurred primarily by endocortical thinning. Introduction: In an earlier study, areal BMD (aBMD) measurements by DXA showed that cosmonauts making flights of 4- to 12-month duration on the Soviet/Russian MIR spacecraft lost bone at an average rate of 1%/month from the spine and 1.5%/month from the hip. However, because DXA measurements represent the sum of the cortical and trabecular compartments, there is no direct information on how these bone envelopes are affected by spaceflight. Materials and Methods: To address this, we performed a study of crewmembers (13 males and 1 female; age range, 40-55 years) on long-duration missions (4-6 months) on the International Space Station (ISS). We used DXA to obtain aBMD of the hip and spine and volumetric QCT (vQCT) to assess integral, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) in the hip and spine. In the heel, DXA was used to measure aBMD, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was used to measure speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). Results and Conclusions: aBMD was lost at rates of 0.9%/month at the spine (p < 0.001) and 1.4-1.5%/month at the hip (p < 0.001). Spinal integral vBMD was lost at a rate of 0.9%/month (p < 0.001), and trabecular vBMD was lost at 0.7%/month (p < 0.05). In contrast to earlier reports, these changes were generalized across the vertebrae and not focused in the posterior elements. In the hip, integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD was lost at rates of 1.2-1.5%/month (p < 0.0001), 0.4-0.5%/month (p < 0.01), and 2.2-2.7%/month (p < 0.001), respectively. The cortical bone Loss in the hip occurred primarily by cortical thinning. Calcaneal aBMD measurements by DXA showed smaller mean Losses (0.4%/month) than hip or spine measurements, with SOS and BUA showing no change. In summary, our results show that ISS crewmembers, on average, experience substantial Loss of both trabecular and cortical bone in the hip and somewhat smaller Losses in the spine. These results do not support the use of calcaneal aBMD or QUS measurements as surrogate measures to estimate changes in the central skeleton.