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C. Rajkhowa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • whole genome sequence and de novo assembly revealed genomic architecture of indian Mithun bos frontalis
    BMC Genomics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Anupama Mukherjee, Imsusosang Longkumer, Moonmoon Mech, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, C. Rajkhowa, Zexi Cai, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis), also called gayal, is an endangered bovine species, under the tribe bovini with 2n = 58 XX chromosome complements and reared under the tropical rain forests region of India, China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. However, the origin of this species is still disputed and information on its genomic architecture is scanty so far. We trust that availability of its whole genome sequence data and assembly will greatly solve this problem and help to generate many information including phylogenetic status of Mithun. Recently, the first genome assembly of gayal, Mithun of Chinese origin, was published. However, an improved reference genome assembly would still benefit in understanding genetic variation in Mithun populations reared under diverse geographical locations and for building a superior consensus assembly. We, therefore, performed deep sequencing of the genome of an adult female Mithun from India, assembled and annotated its genome and performed extensive bioinformatic analyses to produce a superior de novo genome assembly of Mithun. We generated ≈300 Gigabyte (Gb) raw reads from whole-genome deep sequencing platforms and assembled the sequence data using a hybrid assembly strategy to create a high quality de novo assembly of Mithun with 96% recovered as per BUSCO analysis. The final genome assembly has a total length of 3.0 Gb, contains 5,015 scaffolds with an N50 value of 1 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute around 43.66% of the assembly. The genomic alignments between Mithun to cattle showed that their genomes, as expected, are highly conserved. Gene annotation identified 28,044 protein-coding genes presented in Mithun genome. The gene orthologous groups of Mithun showed a high degree of similarity in comparison with other species, while fewer Mithun specific coding sequences were found compared to those in cattle. Here we presented the first de novo draft genome assembly of Indian Mithun having better coverage, less fragmented, better annotated, and constitutes a reasonably complete assembly compared to the previously published gayal genome. This comprehensive assembly unravelled the genomic architecture of Mithun to a great extent and will provide a reference genome assembly to research community to elucidate the evolutionary history of Mithun across its distinct geographical locations.

  • seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in Mithun bos frontalis from north eastern hilly region of india
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2015
    Co-Authors: J K Chamuah, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, P Perumal, A. Sakhrie, C. Rajkhowa
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis) is mostly utilized for meat purpose by the local tribal people of north eastern hilly region of India. Meat born diseases are very important issues for the people of these areas from the public health point of view. In order to realize the issues, the serological prevalence of Toxoplasmosis was carried out as per ELISA kit (CHEKIT* TOXOTEST, IDEXX Laboratory, USA) to find out Toxoplasma gondii antibody. As a whole, out of 195 animals examined, only 8 (4.10 %) animals were found to be suspected and one (0.51 %) animal was  found to be positive in this precious animal of the north eastern region.

  • effect of seasons on semen production effect of melatonin on the liquid storage 5 c with correlated study of birth rate in Mithun bos frontalis
    Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2015
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, J K Chamuah, A K Nahak, C. Rajkhowa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To assess the effect of melatonin (MT) at different seasons of the year on sperm motility, viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosomal membrane, plasma membrane and nuclear integrity, antioxidant profiles such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), enzymatic profiles such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and biochemical profiles such as malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Methods Total numbers of 80 ejaculates (20 ejaculates in each season) were collected twice a week from Mithun bulls and semen was split into five equal aliquots, diluted with the tris egg yolk citrate (TEYC) extender. Group 1: semen without additives (control), group 2 to group 5: semen was diluted with 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM of melatonin, respectively. These seminal parameters, antioxidant, enzymatic and biochemical profiles were assessed at liquid storage of Mithun semen (5 °C). Simultaneously, retrospective study was conducted on birth rate of calf at different seasons from 2002 to 2012 from farm birth register of Mithun farm. Results Inclusion of melatonin into diluent resulted in significant ( P Conclusions The result of present study indicates that the melatonin protects seminal and antioxidant profiles varied in different seasons, semen quality also varied from different seasons and was highest in spring and lowest in summer season. It was concluded from the present study that breeding takes place throughout year but the peak breeding season is from November to April (spring and winter season) in Mithun.

  • biochemical profiles in freezable and non freezable ejaculates of Mithun bos frontalis semen
    Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, Sushma Srivastava, M Veeraselvam, C. Rajkhowa
    Abstract:

    The present study was undertaken to measure the biochemical profiles of freezable and non- freezable ejaculates of Mithun. Fifty ejaculates (twenty five ejaculates each from freezable and non- freezable ones) were collected from matured Mithun bulls. Biochemical profiles viz., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino- transferase (ALT), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), chloride (Cl), citric acid (CA), total seminal plasma protein (TSPP), inorganic phosphorous (IP), fructose and cholesterol concentration in sperm were estimated. The result revealed that these pa - rameters varied significantly (P< 0.05) between the freezable and non-freezable ejaculates. Freezable ejaculates has significantly (P< 0.05) higher ALP, ACP, LDH, Ca, Mg, Zn, citric acid, TSPP, IP, fructose and cholesterol concentration and significantly (P< 0.05) lower Cl concentration than the non- freezable ejaculates. There was a correlation among the biochemicals such as ALP, ACP, LDH, Ca, Mg, Zn, CA, TSPP, IP, fructose, cholesterol and these biochemicals were negatively correlated with AST, ALT and Cl in both freezable and non-freezable ejaculates. It was concluded that most of the biochemical parameters were higher in freezable ejaculates than the non-freezable ejaculates, indicates that freezable ejaculates have has structural stability than the non-freezable ones that leads to freezable sperm has higher functional structures to move faster and in forward direction.

  • application of biotechnology for augmentation of productivity in Mithun bos frontalis
    Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mohan Mondal, K K Baruah, C. Rajkhowa
    Abstract:

    Mithun, also known as ‘Cattle of Mountain” is an important bovine species of north-eastern hill region of India and also of China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. This magnificent massive bovine is presently reared under free-range condition in the hill forests at an altitude of 1000 to 3000 m above mean sea level. Mithun plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the local tribal population. Due to dwindling population of Mithun over the years and gradual denudation of free range forest areas for Mithun grazing along with the biotic and abiotic stress, there is urgent need of scientific intervention for proper management as well as conservation of this species. Application of various biotechnological tools like artificial insemination, estrus synchronization for timed-AI, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, rumen microbial manipulation and modern breeding techniques may be of great use for faster multiplication and propagation of this species in near future.

K. Khate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • daily and seasonal rhythmic secretary pattern of endocrinological profiles in Mithun bull
    Theriogenology, 2021
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, N Savino, R R Alyethodi, M H Khan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Mithun suffers severe non-cyclical population fluctuations; however, it is not yet declared as endangered species. Mithun follows some sort of seasonality based on the calving trend and semen production, although it is a perennial breeder. However, there is need to study the rhythmic changes of endocrine profiles to understand the hormone flow pattern in Mithun to select the suitable time for blood collection to assess the exact endocrine profiles and to select the suitable time for natural breeding or semen collection by artificial methods for further research, conservation and propagation of its germplasm. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive as well as metabolic endocrinological profiles in 24:00 h in intact adult Mithun bulls during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to know the rhythmic changes and flow pattern of the endocrinological profiles to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (n = 6; age: 5–6 years; body condition score: 5–6 out of 10, classified as good) were selected for the study. Endocrinological profiles, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine (T4), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), prolactin and melatonin (MT) were estimated at 04:00 h interval for one whole day in four seasons. The analysis was completed in two different ways as different times of collection (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 24:00 and 04:00 h) and day (08:00 to 16:00 h) & night time (20:00 to 04:00 h) collections. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed that the bulls in winter and spring had significantly (p

  • slow release exogenous melatonin modulates scrotal circumference and testicular parameters libido endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2020
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, K K Baruah, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Although, Mithun suffers from severe non-cyclical population fluctuations, it is not yet declared as endangered. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the effect of slow release subcutaneous exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on sexual behaviour, scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular parameters, endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (5–6 years of age) were selected and divided randomly into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 6) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 6; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg B. Wt). Scrotal circumference and testicular parameters [total testicular volume and weight], endocrinological profiles [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), cortisol, prolactin and melatonin (MT)], sex behaviour profiles [libido score, mating ability score and sexual behaviour score], antioxidant profiles [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and oxidative stress profile [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were estimated. Statistical analysis revealed that these experimental profiles differed between treatment and control groups within the seasons and among the seasons within the experimental groups. FSH, LH, testosterone, T4 and MT were higher and cortisol and prolactin were lower in spring and winter than in summer season. Concentration of FSH, LH, testosterone and MT were higher and concentration of T4, cortisol and prolactin were lower in MT treated than in untreated control group. Similarly, sexual behavioural scores, SC, testicular parameters and antioxidant profiles were higher and oxidative stress profile was lower in MT treated than in untreated control group and in winter and spring than in summer season. The study concluded that exogenous slow-release melatonin implantation and spring and winter seasons had significant beneficial effects in improvement of the antioxidant profiles, minimization of oxidative stress with cascading beneficial effects on endocrinological profiles, SC, testicular parameters and libido, which will improve the semen production, higher sperm cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Mithun species.

  • muscle transcriptome signature and gene regulatory network analysis in two divergent lines of a hilly bovine species Mithun bos frontalis
    Genomics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Anupama Mukherjee, Imsusosang Longkumer, Moonmoon Mech, Kezhavituo Vupru, Rahul Singh Jasrotia, Sarika Jaiswal, M A Iquebal, K. Khate
    Abstract:

    Abstract A massive bovine, Bos frontalis, also known as Mithun or Gayal, found at higher altitude is very promising meat and milk animal. For candidate gene and marker discovery, RNA-seq data was generated from longissimus dorsi muscle tissues with Illumina-HiSeq. Such markers can be used in future for genetic gain of traits like feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and average daily gain (ADG). Analysis revealed 297differentially expressed genes (DEGs) having 173 up and 124 down-regulated unigenes. Extensive conservation was found in genic region while comparing with Bos taurus. Analysis revealed 57 pathways having 112 enzymes, 72 transcriptional factors and cofactors, 212 miRNAs regulating 71 DEGs, 25,855 SSRs, Mithun-specific 104,822 variants and 7288 indels, gene regulatory network (GRN) having 24 hub-genes and transcriptional factors regulating cell proliferation, immune tolerance and myogenesis. This is first report of muscle transcriptome depicting candidate genes with GRN controlling FCE and ADG. Reported putative molecular markers, candidate genes and hub proteins can be valuable genomic resources for association studies in genetic improvement programme.

  • flaxseed oil modulates semen production and its quality profiles freezability testicular biometrics and endocrinological profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2019
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, Sadhan Bag
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun ( Bos frontalis ) is a unique domestic free range bovine species of North Eastern Hilly (NEH) regions of India. Effect of feed supplementation of Flaxseed oil (FSO) on semen production and its quality profiles, freezability, oxidative stress, apoptotic sperm percentage and subsequently on endocrinological profiles & scrotal and testicular biometrics in different seasons was studied in Mithun. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 3) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 3; Flaxseed oil @ 150 mL/day). FSO was supplemented through oral drench in the morning hours just before concentrate feeding. A total of 80 semen samples (n = 80; 20 semen samples from each season; each 10 semen samples from control and treatment groups per season) were collected, not more than twice per week in winter, spring, autumn and summer seasons. Semen quality profiles (SQPs) such as volume, sperm concentration, motility (forward progressive and total), motility & velocity profiles by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane & nuclear abnormality and apoptotic sperm percentage were estimated in fresh semen. Along with SQPs measured in fresh semen, motility in estrus bovine cervical mucus (bovine cervical mucus penetration test; BCMPT) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by JC-1 stain were determined in the post-thawed semen samples. Biochemical profiles (aspartate aminotransferase; AST, alanine aminotransferase; ALT, total cholesterol; CHO), antioxidant profiles (superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT, glutathione; GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC) and oxidative stress profile (malondialdehyde; MDA) were estimated in fresh semen whereas AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TAC and MDA were estimated in the frozen thawed semen samples. Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, cortisol and thyroxin and scrotal circumference (SC) & testicular biometrics were measured in both groups in different seasons. Result revealed a significant (p

  • whole genome sequence and de novo assembly revealed genomic architecture of indian Mithun bos frontalis
    BMC Genomics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Anupama Mukherjee, Imsusosang Longkumer, Moonmoon Mech, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, C. Rajkhowa, Zexi Cai, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis), also called gayal, is an endangered bovine species, under the tribe bovini with 2n = 58 XX chromosome complements and reared under the tropical rain forests region of India, China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. However, the origin of this species is still disputed and information on its genomic architecture is scanty so far. We trust that availability of its whole genome sequence data and assembly will greatly solve this problem and help to generate many information including phylogenetic status of Mithun. Recently, the first genome assembly of gayal, Mithun of Chinese origin, was published. However, an improved reference genome assembly would still benefit in understanding genetic variation in Mithun populations reared under diverse geographical locations and for building a superior consensus assembly. We, therefore, performed deep sequencing of the genome of an adult female Mithun from India, assembled and annotated its genome and performed extensive bioinformatic analyses to produce a superior de novo genome assembly of Mithun. We generated ≈300 Gigabyte (Gb) raw reads from whole-genome deep sequencing platforms and assembled the sequence data using a hybrid assembly strategy to create a high quality de novo assembly of Mithun with 96% recovered as per BUSCO analysis. The final genome assembly has a total length of 3.0 Gb, contains 5,015 scaffolds with an N50 value of 1 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute around 43.66% of the assembly. The genomic alignments between Mithun to cattle showed that their genomes, as expected, are highly conserved. Gene annotation identified 28,044 protein-coding genes presented in Mithun genome. The gene orthologous groups of Mithun showed a high degree of similarity in comparison with other species, while fewer Mithun specific coding sequences were found compared to those in cattle. Here we presented the first de novo draft genome assembly of Indian Mithun having better coverage, less fragmented, better annotated, and constitutes a reasonably complete assembly compared to the previously published gayal genome. This comprehensive assembly unravelled the genomic architecture of Mithun to a great extent and will provide a reference genome assembly to research community to elucidate the evolutionary history of Mithun across its distinct geographical locations.

P Perumal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • daily and seasonal rhythmic secretary pattern of endocrinological profiles in Mithun bull
    Theriogenology, 2021
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, N Savino, R R Alyethodi, M H Khan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Mithun suffers severe non-cyclical population fluctuations; however, it is not yet declared as endangered species. Mithun follows some sort of seasonality based on the calving trend and semen production, although it is a perennial breeder. However, there is need to study the rhythmic changes of endocrine profiles to understand the hormone flow pattern in Mithun to select the suitable time for blood collection to assess the exact endocrine profiles and to select the suitable time for natural breeding or semen collection by artificial methods for further research, conservation and propagation of its germplasm. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive as well as metabolic endocrinological profiles in 24:00 h in intact adult Mithun bulls during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to know the rhythmic changes and flow pattern of the endocrinological profiles to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (n = 6; age: 5–6 years; body condition score: 5–6 out of 10, classified as good) were selected for the study. Endocrinological profiles, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine (T4), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), prolactin and melatonin (MT) were estimated at 04:00 h interval for one whole day in four seasons. The analysis was completed in two different ways as different times of collection (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 24:00 and 04:00 h) and day (08:00 to 16:00 h) & night time (20:00 to 04:00 h) collections. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed that the bulls in winter and spring had significantly (p

  • slow release exogenous melatonin modulates scrotal circumference and testicular parameters libido endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2020
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, K K Baruah, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Although, Mithun suffers from severe non-cyclical population fluctuations, it is not yet declared as endangered. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the effect of slow release subcutaneous exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on sexual behaviour, scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular parameters, endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (5–6 years of age) were selected and divided randomly into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 6) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 6; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg B. Wt). Scrotal circumference and testicular parameters [total testicular volume and weight], endocrinological profiles [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), cortisol, prolactin and melatonin (MT)], sex behaviour profiles [libido score, mating ability score and sexual behaviour score], antioxidant profiles [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and oxidative stress profile [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were estimated. Statistical analysis revealed that these experimental profiles differed between treatment and control groups within the seasons and among the seasons within the experimental groups. FSH, LH, testosterone, T4 and MT were higher and cortisol and prolactin were lower in spring and winter than in summer season. Concentration of FSH, LH, testosterone and MT were higher and concentration of T4, cortisol and prolactin were lower in MT treated than in untreated control group. Similarly, sexual behavioural scores, SC, testicular parameters and antioxidant profiles were higher and oxidative stress profile was lower in MT treated than in untreated control group and in winter and spring than in summer season. The study concluded that exogenous slow-release melatonin implantation and spring and winter seasons had significant beneficial effects in improvement of the antioxidant profiles, minimization of oxidative stress with cascading beneficial effects on endocrinological profiles, SC, testicular parameters and libido, which will improve the semen production, higher sperm cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Mithun species.

  • flaxseed oil modulates semen production and its quality profiles freezability testicular biometrics and endocrinological profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2019
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, Sadhan Bag
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun ( Bos frontalis ) is a unique domestic free range bovine species of North Eastern Hilly (NEH) regions of India. Effect of feed supplementation of Flaxseed oil (FSO) on semen production and its quality profiles, freezability, oxidative stress, apoptotic sperm percentage and subsequently on endocrinological profiles & scrotal and testicular biometrics in different seasons was studied in Mithun. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 3) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 3; Flaxseed oil @ 150 mL/day). FSO was supplemented through oral drench in the morning hours just before concentrate feeding. A total of 80 semen samples (n = 80; 20 semen samples from each season; each 10 semen samples from control and treatment groups per season) were collected, not more than twice per week in winter, spring, autumn and summer seasons. Semen quality profiles (SQPs) such as volume, sperm concentration, motility (forward progressive and total), motility & velocity profiles by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane & nuclear abnormality and apoptotic sperm percentage were estimated in fresh semen. Along with SQPs measured in fresh semen, motility in estrus bovine cervical mucus (bovine cervical mucus penetration test; BCMPT) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by JC-1 stain were determined in the post-thawed semen samples. Biochemical profiles (aspartate aminotransferase; AST, alanine aminotransferase; ALT, total cholesterol; CHO), antioxidant profiles (superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT, glutathione; GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC) and oxidative stress profile (malondialdehyde; MDA) were estimated in fresh semen whereas AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TAC and MDA were estimated in the frozen thawed semen samples. Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, cortisol and thyroxin and scrotal circumference (SC) & testicular biometrics were measured in both groups in different seasons. Result revealed a significant (p

  • administration of slow release exogenous melatonin modulates oxidative stress profiles and in vitro fertilizing ability of the cryopreserved Mithun bos frontalis spermatozoa
    Theriogenology, 2018
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, S Chang, K K Baruah, N Srivastava
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free range bovine species of North Eastern hilly regions of India. The present study was designed to assess the seasonal effect of slow release exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on semen quality parameters (SQP) and in vitro zona binding ability (IVZ) of spermatozoa. The experimental animals were divided into Gr I: Control (n = 5) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 5; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg bwt). A total of 20 semen samples/group in winter, spring, autumn and summer seasons (n = 160), twice per week were collected. Following cryopreservation, samples were evaluated for motility parameters (forward progressive, mobility & velocity by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane and nuclear abnormality, functional status of mitochondria, enzymatic, antioxidant and oxidative profiles, and IVZ. The study revealed significant (p

  • effect of foot and mouth disease vaccination on seminal antioxidant profiles of Mithun bos frontalis
    Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2018
    Co-Authors: P Perumal
    Abstract:

    Objective: To assess the deleterious effects of foot and mouth disease vaccination on antioxidant profiles as well as oxidative stress in the semen of breeding Mithun bulls. Methods: A total of 160 semen samples were collected from 8 adult healthy Mithun bulls with good body condition score (5-6), which were maintained at semen collection centre, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, India, twice a week, 4 weeks before vaccination (pre-vaccination stage) and 12 weeks after vaccination (post-vaccination stage) to understand and know the influence of vaccine stress on seminal antioxidant as well as oxidative stress profiles in Mithun. Vaccine was injected at the end of week 4 and semen samples were collected & analysed up to week 16 of the investigation period. Results: Data analysis showed that foot and mouth disease vaccination has significantly (P

Kezhavituo Vupru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • daily and seasonal rhythmic secretary pattern of endocrinological profiles in Mithun bull
    Theriogenology, 2021
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, N Savino, R R Alyethodi, M H Khan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Mithun suffers severe non-cyclical population fluctuations; however, it is not yet declared as endangered species. Mithun follows some sort of seasonality based on the calving trend and semen production, although it is a perennial breeder. However, there is need to study the rhythmic changes of endocrine profiles to understand the hormone flow pattern in Mithun to select the suitable time for blood collection to assess the exact endocrine profiles and to select the suitable time for natural breeding or semen collection by artificial methods for further research, conservation and propagation of its germplasm. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive as well as metabolic endocrinological profiles in 24:00 h in intact adult Mithun bulls during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to know the rhythmic changes and flow pattern of the endocrinological profiles to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (n = 6; age: 5–6 years; body condition score: 5–6 out of 10, classified as good) were selected for the study. Endocrinological profiles, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine (T4), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), prolactin and melatonin (MT) were estimated at 04:00 h interval for one whole day in four seasons. The analysis was completed in two different ways as different times of collection (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 24:00 and 04:00 h) and day (08:00 to 16:00 h) & night time (20:00 to 04:00 h) collections. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed that the bulls in winter and spring had significantly (p

  • slow release exogenous melatonin modulates scrotal circumference and testicular parameters libido endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2020
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, K K Baruah, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Although, Mithun suffers from severe non-cyclical population fluctuations, it is not yet declared as endangered. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the effect of slow release subcutaneous exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on sexual behaviour, scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular parameters, endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (5–6 years of age) were selected and divided randomly into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 6) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 6; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg B. Wt). Scrotal circumference and testicular parameters [total testicular volume and weight], endocrinological profiles [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), cortisol, prolactin and melatonin (MT)], sex behaviour profiles [libido score, mating ability score and sexual behaviour score], antioxidant profiles [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and oxidative stress profile [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were estimated. Statistical analysis revealed that these experimental profiles differed between treatment and control groups within the seasons and among the seasons within the experimental groups. FSH, LH, testosterone, T4 and MT were higher and cortisol and prolactin were lower in spring and winter than in summer season. Concentration of FSH, LH, testosterone and MT were higher and concentration of T4, cortisol and prolactin were lower in MT treated than in untreated control group. Similarly, sexual behavioural scores, SC, testicular parameters and antioxidant profiles were higher and oxidative stress profile was lower in MT treated than in untreated control group and in winter and spring than in summer season. The study concluded that exogenous slow-release melatonin implantation and spring and winter seasons had significant beneficial effects in improvement of the antioxidant profiles, minimization of oxidative stress with cascading beneficial effects on endocrinological profiles, SC, testicular parameters and libido, which will improve the semen production, higher sperm cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Mithun species.

  • muscle transcriptome signature and gene regulatory network analysis in two divergent lines of a hilly bovine species Mithun bos frontalis
    Genomics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Anupama Mukherjee, Imsusosang Longkumer, Moonmoon Mech, Kezhavituo Vupru, Rahul Singh Jasrotia, Sarika Jaiswal, M A Iquebal, K. Khate
    Abstract:

    Abstract A massive bovine, Bos frontalis, also known as Mithun or Gayal, found at higher altitude is very promising meat and milk animal. For candidate gene and marker discovery, RNA-seq data was generated from longissimus dorsi muscle tissues with Illumina-HiSeq. Such markers can be used in future for genetic gain of traits like feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and average daily gain (ADG). Analysis revealed 297differentially expressed genes (DEGs) having 173 up and 124 down-regulated unigenes. Extensive conservation was found in genic region while comparing with Bos taurus. Analysis revealed 57 pathways having 112 enzymes, 72 transcriptional factors and cofactors, 212 miRNAs regulating 71 DEGs, 25,855 SSRs, Mithun-specific 104,822 variants and 7288 indels, gene regulatory network (GRN) having 24 hub-genes and transcriptional factors regulating cell proliferation, immune tolerance and myogenesis. This is first report of muscle transcriptome depicting candidate genes with GRN controlling FCE and ADG. Reported putative molecular markers, candidate genes and hub proteins can be valuable genomic resources for association studies in genetic improvement programme.

  • flaxseed oil modulates semen production and its quality profiles freezability testicular biometrics and endocrinological profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2019
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, Sadhan Bag
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun ( Bos frontalis ) is a unique domestic free range bovine species of North Eastern Hilly (NEH) regions of India. Effect of feed supplementation of Flaxseed oil (FSO) on semen production and its quality profiles, freezability, oxidative stress, apoptotic sperm percentage and subsequently on endocrinological profiles & scrotal and testicular biometrics in different seasons was studied in Mithun. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 3) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 3; Flaxseed oil @ 150 mL/day). FSO was supplemented through oral drench in the morning hours just before concentrate feeding. A total of 80 semen samples (n = 80; 20 semen samples from each season; each 10 semen samples from control and treatment groups per season) were collected, not more than twice per week in winter, spring, autumn and summer seasons. Semen quality profiles (SQPs) such as volume, sperm concentration, motility (forward progressive and total), motility & velocity profiles by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane & nuclear abnormality and apoptotic sperm percentage were estimated in fresh semen. Along with SQPs measured in fresh semen, motility in estrus bovine cervical mucus (bovine cervical mucus penetration test; BCMPT) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by JC-1 stain were determined in the post-thawed semen samples. Biochemical profiles (aspartate aminotransferase; AST, alanine aminotransferase; ALT, total cholesterol; CHO), antioxidant profiles (superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT, glutathione; GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC) and oxidative stress profile (malondialdehyde; MDA) were estimated in fresh semen whereas AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TAC and MDA were estimated in the frozen thawed semen samples. Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, cortisol and thyroxin and scrotal circumference (SC) & testicular biometrics were measured in both groups in different seasons. Result revealed a significant (p

  • whole genome sequence and de novo assembly revealed genomic architecture of indian Mithun bos frontalis
    BMC Genomics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Anupama Mukherjee, Imsusosang Longkumer, Moonmoon Mech, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, C. Rajkhowa, Zexi Cai, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis), also called gayal, is an endangered bovine species, under the tribe bovini with 2n = 58 XX chromosome complements and reared under the tropical rain forests region of India, China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. However, the origin of this species is still disputed and information on its genomic architecture is scanty so far. We trust that availability of its whole genome sequence data and assembly will greatly solve this problem and help to generate many information including phylogenetic status of Mithun. Recently, the first genome assembly of gayal, Mithun of Chinese origin, was published. However, an improved reference genome assembly would still benefit in understanding genetic variation in Mithun populations reared under diverse geographical locations and for building a superior consensus assembly. We, therefore, performed deep sequencing of the genome of an adult female Mithun from India, assembled and annotated its genome and performed extensive bioinformatic analyses to produce a superior de novo genome assembly of Mithun. We generated ≈300 Gigabyte (Gb) raw reads from whole-genome deep sequencing platforms and assembled the sequence data using a hybrid assembly strategy to create a high quality de novo assembly of Mithun with 96% recovered as per BUSCO analysis. The final genome assembly has a total length of 3.0 Gb, contains 5,015 scaffolds with an N50 value of 1 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute around 43.66% of the assembly. The genomic alignments between Mithun to cattle showed that their genomes, as expected, are highly conserved. Gene annotation identified 28,044 protein-coding genes presented in Mithun genome. The gene orthologous groups of Mithun showed a high degree of similarity in comparison with other species, while fewer Mithun specific coding sequences were found compared to those in cattle. Here we presented the first de novo draft genome assembly of Indian Mithun having better coverage, less fragmented, better annotated, and constitutes a reasonably complete assembly compared to the previously published gayal genome. This comprehensive assembly unravelled the genomic architecture of Mithun to a great extent and will provide a reference genome assembly to research community to elucidate the evolutionary history of Mithun across its distinct geographical locations.

K K Baruah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • slow release exogenous melatonin modulates scrotal circumference and testicular parameters libido endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun
    Theriogenology, 2020
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, K. Khate, S Chang, K K Baruah, Abhijit Mitra
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free-range bovine species available in North Eastern hilly (NEH) regions of India and is reared for its protein rich meat. Although, Mithun suffers from severe non-cyclical population fluctuations, it is not yet declared as endangered. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the effect of slow release subcutaneous exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on sexual behaviour, scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular parameters, endocrinological profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) to improve its reproductive efficiency. Experimental Mithun bulls (5–6 years of age) were selected and divided randomly into two groups, Gr I: Control (n = 6) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 6; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg B. Wt). Scrotal circumference and testicular parameters [total testicular volume and weight], endocrinological profiles [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), cortisol, prolactin and melatonin (MT)], sex behaviour profiles [libido score, mating ability score and sexual behaviour score], antioxidant profiles [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and oxidative stress profile [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were estimated. Statistical analysis revealed that these experimental profiles differed between treatment and control groups within the seasons and among the seasons within the experimental groups. FSH, LH, testosterone, T4 and MT were higher and cortisol and prolactin were lower in spring and winter than in summer season. Concentration of FSH, LH, testosterone and MT were higher and concentration of T4, cortisol and prolactin were lower in MT treated than in untreated control group. Similarly, sexual behavioural scores, SC, testicular parameters and antioxidant profiles were higher and oxidative stress profile was lower in MT treated than in untreated control group and in winter and spring than in summer season. The study concluded that exogenous slow-release melatonin implantation and spring and winter seasons had significant beneficial effects in improvement of the antioxidant profiles, minimization of oxidative stress with cascading beneficial effects on endocrinological profiles, SC, testicular parameters and libido, which will improve the semen production, higher sperm cryo-survivability and fertility rate in Mithun species.

  • administration of slow release exogenous melatonin modulates oxidative stress profiles and in vitro fertilizing ability of the cryopreserved Mithun bos frontalis spermatozoa
    Theriogenology, 2018
    Co-Authors: P Perumal, S Chang, K K Baruah, N Srivastava
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique domestic free range bovine species of North Eastern hilly regions of India. The present study was designed to assess the seasonal effect of slow release exogenous melatonin (MT) implant on semen quality parameters (SQP) and in vitro zona binding ability (IVZ) of spermatozoa. The experimental animals were divided into Gr I: Control (n = 5) and Gr II: Treatment (n = 5; melatonin implant @ 18mg/50 kg bwt). A total of 20 semen samples/group in winter, spring, autumn and summer seasons (n = 160), twice per week were collected. Following cryopreservation, samples were evaluated for motility parameters (forward progressive, mobility & velocity by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane and nuclear abnormality, functional status of mitochondria, enzymatic, antioxidant and oxidative profiles, and IVZ. The study revealed significant (p

  • Mithun a promising milch animal of the northeastern hill region of india
    Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2018
    Co-Authors: M Mondal, R K Singh, K K Baruah, Anil Kumar, V Singh
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis), a rare bovine of Southeast Asia, is the descendent of wild Indian gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus). This unique animal is found mainly in four different states of the North-Eastern Hills region of India viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, and also in some locations of Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh and China. Though the Mithun is mainly reared for meat, it has the potential for milk production. Mithun produces milk of high quality containing double the quantity of energy than cattle cow milk. In addition, Mithun milk contains high quantity of lactoferrin; an antimicrobial element combats for pathogenic infection. Unfortunately, Mithun has not yet been explored fully as a milch animal. Milk production potential of Mithun can be enhanced significantly through using suitable scientific packages of practices and appropriate technological interventions. Keywords: Mithun, milk, lactation, milk yield, milk products Cite this Article Mondal M, Singh RK, Baruah KK et al. Mithun: a promising milch animal of the northeastern hill region of India. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology . 2015; 4(3): 17–21p.

  • development and validation of a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay for determination of plasma metastin in Mithun bos frontalis
    Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohan Mondal, M Karunakaran, K K Baruah
    Abstract:

    Metastin, also known as kisspeptin-10, is a potent stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the central nervous system. Recently, it has been emerged as a key player in the regulation of reproduction in mammals. Blood concentrations of metastin during different physiological stages in bovine species in general and Mithun (Bos frontalis) in particular are not available. Lacking of such information may probably be due to non-availability of simple assay procedure to measure the peptide. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and sufficiently sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for metastin determination in Mithun plasma using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and second antibody coating technique. Biotin was coupled to metastin and used to bridge between streptavidin-peroxidase and the immobilized metastin antiserum in the competitive assay. The EIA was conducted directly in 150 μ L of unknown Mithun plasma. Metastin standards ranging from 0.01-51.2 ng/150 μ L/well were prepared in hormone-free plasma. The lowest detection limit was 0.07 ng/mL plasma. Plasma volumes for the EIA, viz., 75, 150, and 200 μ L did not influence the shape of standard curve even though a drop in OD450 was seen with higher plasma volumes. A parallelism test was carried out to compare the endogenous Mithun metastin with metastin standard used. It showed good parallelism with the metastin standard curve. For the biological validation of the assay, metastin was measured in (a) blood samples collected from 12 pregnant Mithun cows during different stages of pregnancy, (b) in blood from seven early pregnant and 12 non-pregnant Mithuns, and (c) in follicular fluid obtained from different types of follicle. It was found that the plasma metastin concentrations increased (P < 0.001) from first through last trimester of pregnancy. Plasma metastin levels were much higher (P < 0.001) in early pregnant than non-pregnant cows. Follicular fluid metastin concentrations were found to increase (P < 0.001) as the follicles grow and the highest levels were recorded in preovulatory follicles. In conclusion, a simple, sufficiently sensitive and direct EIA procedure has been developed for the first time to determine metastin levels in Mithun. A wide range of metastin concentrations can be detected during different physiological stages in Mithun using this metastin-EIA procedure.

  • development and application of a sensitive second antibody format enzymeimmunoassay eia for estimation of plasma fsh in Mithun bos frontalis
    Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohan Mondal, K K Baruah, B Prakash
    Abstract:

    Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a semi-wild rare ruminant species. A simple sensitive enzymeimmunoassay suitable for assaying FSH in the blood plasma of Mithun is not available which thereby limits our ability to understand this species reproductive processes. Therefore, the aim of this article was to develop a simple and sensitive enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for estimation of FSH in Mithun plasma and apply the assay to understand the estrous cycle and superovulatory process in this species. To accomplish this goal, biotinylated FSH was bridged between streptavidin-peroxidase and immobilized antiserum in a competitive assay. Forty microlitre Mithun plasma was used directly in the EIA. The FSH standards were prepared in hormone free plasma and ranged from 5-1280 pg/well/40 μL. The sensitivity of EIA was 5 pg/well FSH, which corresponds to 0.125 ng/mL plasma and the 50% relative binding sensitivity was 90 pg/well/40 μL. Although the shape of the standard curve was not influenced by different plasma volumes viz. 40 and 80 μL, a slight drop in the OD450 was observed with the increasing volume of plasma. Parallelism tests conducted between the endogenous Mithun FSH and bovine FSH standards showed good homology between them. Plasma FSH estimated using the developed EIA and commercially available FSH EIA kit in the same samples were correlated (r = 0.98) and showed linearity. Both the Intra- and inter-assay CV were below 6%. Recovery of known concentrations of added FSH showed linearity (r = 0.99). The developed EIA was further validated biologically by estimating FSH in cyclic cows for the entire estrous cycle, in Mithun heifers administered with GnRH analogues and in Mithun cows during superovulatory treatment with FSH. In conclusion, the EIA developed for FSH determination in Mithun blood plasma is simple and highly sensitive for estimation of Mithun FSH in all physiological conditions.