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Mahta Moghaddam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of fine scale soil moisture and canopy heterogeneity on energy and water fluxes in a northern temperate Mixed Forest
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2014Co-Authors: Lingli He, Valeriy Y Ivanov, Gil Bohrer, Kyle D Maurer, Christoph S Vogel, Mahta MoghaddamAbstract:Abstract Coupling between soil moisture, vegetation biomass, and energy fluxes is characterized by nonlinearities and thus current land surface parameterizations with aggregated surface response may produce biased results. This study aims to improve the understanding of the coupling modes between fine-, tree-scale (few meters) canopy and soil moisture variations, and their impacts on spatially integrated energy and water fluxes. The study was carried out for a spatially heterogeneous, temperate Mixed Forest environment of Northern Michigan located near the University of Michigan Biological Station. A high-resolution, physically-based ecohydrological model (tRIBS + VEGGIE) was used as a data integration tool to upscale spatial heterogeneities resolved at a tree-scale to a coarse-scale (several kilometers). Several simulation cases involving tree-scale variations in initial soil moisture, leaf area, and radiative forcing were designed. In order to infer the effects of coarse-scale aggregation, a lumped case representing the commonly used spatially-lumped representation was also simulated. The results demonstrate that heterogeneous canopy biomass determines the spatial dynamics of soil moisture. The spatial distribution of canopy height may play a particularly important role in determining the domain-scale fluxes when a Forest system is in moisture-limiting conditions. Specifically, the tree-scale effects on light exposure and shading result in smaller spatially aggregated transpiration and lower water stress as compared to the results of the lumped representation.
Gílcia Aparecida De Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecology of sand flies in a low density residential rural area with Mixed Forest agricultural exploitation in north eastern brazil
Acta Tropica, 2015Co-Authors: Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda, Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva Sales, Maria Aparecida Da Gloria Faustino, Leucio Câmara Alves, Sinval Pinto Brandaofilho, Filipe Dantastorres, Gílcia Aparecida De CarvalhoAbstract:Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani , in a low-density residential rural area with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and Forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu . whitmani ( n = 169), Lu . amazonensis ( n = 134) and Lu . complexa ( n = 21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania ( Viannia ) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu . amazonensis (16.6%), Lu . whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.
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Ecology of sand flies in a low-density residential rural area, with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation, in north-eastern Brazil.
Acta Tropica, 2015Co-Authors: Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda, Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva Sales, Maria Aparecida Da Gloria Faustino, Leucio Câmara Alves, Sinval Pinto Brandão-filho, Filipe Dantas-torres, Gílcia Aparecida De CarvalhoAbstract:Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani, in a low-density residential rural area with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and Forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu. whitmani (n=169), Lu. amazonensis (n=134) and Lu. complexa (n=21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu. amazonensis (16.6%), Lu. whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.
Tohru Nakashizuka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of bark stripping by sika deer cervus nippon on population dynamics of a Mixed Forest in japan
Forest Ecology and Management, 1999Co-Authors: Nobuhiro Akashi, Tohru NakashizukaAbstract:Abstract The effects of tree bark-stripping by Sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) on population dynamics of Forest trees were studied in a cool-temperate Mixed Forest in Ohdaigahara, western Japan. Detailed observation of all trees ≥2 cm in diameter at breast height in a 1 ha plot for 2 years showed that stems of Abies homolepis, Clethra barvinervis, Viburnum furcatum, Stewartia pseudo-camellia and Ilex geniculata suffered serious bark-stripping by deer. Smaller stems of A. homolepis were girdled all at once, and dead soon after that. Larger stems were bark-stripped little by little, and did not die unless completely girdled. Stems of C. barvinervis and S. pseudo-camellia did not die soon after bark-stripping even if completely bark-stripped. The tree population monitored in two 0.2 ha belt transects for 15 years demonstrated that the mortality of A. homolepis and V. furcatum has increased consistently, especially in the last 5 years. In contrast, no tendencies were found for Fagus crenata , Pourthiaea villosa and Symplocos coreana ; these species were seldom bark-stripped by deer. Recruitment rate in the whole Forest decreased in recent years. Thus the density of smaller trees decreased due to high mortality of bark-stripped species and low recruitment rate for all species. Though the bark of trees is less important as forage for deer than green forage such as dwarf bamboo, bark-stripping does more serious damage to trees than browsing on leaves and twigs because the injury by bark-stripping does not readily recover and kills considerably large trees. The ratio of canopy gap will be increased by browsing unless the density of deer is reduced. Furthermore, bark-stripping accelerates the increase of canopy gap ratio.
Lingling Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating the potential of modis satellite data to track temporal dynamics of autumn phenology in a temperate Mixed Forest
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Alison Donnelly, Mark D. Schwartz, Lingling Liu, Liang Liang, Zhuosen Wang, Crystal B Schaaf, Liangyun LiuAbstract:Abstract Autumn phenology plays a critical role in regulating growing season duration and can be estimated from satellite remote sensing. However, to date, little work has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of remotely sensed autumn phenology, mainly due to a lack of spatiotemporally compatible field observations. To address this limitation, we conducted intensive ground observations of leaf coloration and leaf fall from 610 deciduous trees at two 625 × 625 m study areas within a Mixed Forest in northern Wisconsin, USA during 2010 and 2012. We derived landscape phenology (LP) indices by upscaling these plot-level observations to facilitate spatially compatible comparisons with coarse resolution satellite measures. The satellite-derived land surface phenology (LSP) was based on 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from both standard 16-day composite (MOD13Q1) and daily Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) products. The results revealed that LSP dormancy onset differed from the observed date of full leaf coloration by 5.25 days on average (ranging from 0 to 12 days). Furthermore, progression of the autumn season as determined from LSP and LP showed close agreement as increasing LP leaf coloration corresponded to declining NDVI and EVI values. In addition, the end of the leaf coloring phase was marked by a simultaneous stabilizing of both NDVI and EVI time series whereas the timing of the end of the growing season (leaf fall) closely corresponded to minimum NDVI values. These findings clearly support the use of satellite measurements to effectively monitor temporal dynamics of autumn phenology in a temperate Mixed Forest.
Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecology of sand flies in a low density residential rural area with Mixed Forest agricultural exploitation in north eastern brazil
Acta Tropica, 2015Co-Authors: Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda, Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva Sales, Maria Aparecida Da Gloria Faustino, Leucio Câmara Alves, Sinval Pinto Brandaofilho, Filipe Dantastorres, Gílcia Aparecida De CarvalhoAbstract:Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani , in a low-density residential rural area with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and Forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu . whitmani ( n = 169), Lu . amazonensis ( n = 134) and Lu . complexa ( n = 21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania ( Viannia ) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu . amazonensis (16.6%), Lu . whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.
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Ecology of sand flies in a low-density residential rural area, with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation, in north-eastern Brazil.
Acta Tropica, 2015Co-Authors: Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda, Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva Sales, Maria Aparecida Da Gloria Faustino, Leucio Câmara Alves, Sinval Pinto Brandão-filho, Filipe Dantas-torres, Gílcia Aparecida De CarvalhoAbstract:Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani, in a low-density residential rural area with Mixed Forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and Forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu. whitmani (n=169), Lu. amazonensis (n=134) and Lu. complexa (n=21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu. amazonensis (16.6%), Lu. whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.