The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James M. Waddington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi decadal water table manipulation alters peatland hydraulic structure and Moisture Retention
Hydrological Processes, 2015Co-Authors: Paul A. Moore, Paul J. Morris, James M. WaddingtonAbstract:A peatland complex disturbed by berm construction in the 1950s was used to examine the long-term impact of water table (WT) manipulation on peatland hydraulic properties and Moisture Retention at three adjacent sites with increasing depth to WT (WET, INTermediate reference and DRY). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was found to decrease with depth by several orders of magnitude over a depth of 1–1.5 m at all sites. The depth dependence of WT response to rainfall was similar across sites: WT response increased from 1 : 1 at the surface, to 5 : 1 at 50 cm depth. While surface specific yield (Sy) values were similar across all sites, it decreased with depth at a rate of 0.014 cm−1 in hollows and 0.007 cm−1 in hummocks. Bulk density (ρb) exhibited similar depth-dependent trends as Sy and explains a high amount of variance (r2 > 0.69) in Moisture Retention across a range of pore water pressures (−15 to −500 cm H2O). Because of higher ρb, hollow peat had greater Moisture Retention, where site effects were minimal. However, the estimated residual water content for surface Sphagnum samples, while on average lower in hummocks (0.082 m3 m−3) versus hollows (0.087 m3 m−3), increased from WET (0.058 m3 m−3) to INT (0.088 m3 m−3) to DRY (0.108 m3 m−3) which has important implications for Moisture stress under conditions of persistent WT drawdown. Given the potential importance of microtopographic succession for altering peatland hydraulic structure, our findings point to the need for a better understanding of what controls the relative height and proportional coverage of hummocks in relation to long-term disturbance-response dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Multi‐decadal water table manipulation alters peatland hydraulic structure and Moisture Retention
Hydrological Processes, 2015Co-Authors: Paul A. Moore, Paul J. Morris, James M. WaddingtonAbstract:A peatland complex disturbed by berm construction in the 1950s was used to examine the long-term impact of water table (WT) manipulation on peatland hydraulic properties and Moisture Retention at three adjacent sites with increasing depth to WT (WET, INTermediate reference and DRY). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was found to decrease with depth by several orders of magnitude over a depth of 1–1.5 m at all sites. The depth dependence of WT response to rainfall was similar across sites: WT response increased from 1 : 1 at the surface, to 5 : 1 at 50 cm depth. While surface specific yield (Sy) values were similar across all sites, it decreased with depth at a rate of 0.014 cm−1 in hollows and 0.007 cm−1 in hummocks. Bulk density (ρb) exhibited similar depth-dependent trends as Sy and explains a high amount of variance (r2 > 0.69) in Moisture Retention across a range of pore water pressures (−15 to −500 cm H2O). Because of higher ρb, hollow peat had greater Moisture Retention, where site effects were minimal. However, the estimated residual water content for surface Sphagnum samples, while on average lower in hummocks (0.082 m3 m−3) versus hollows (0.087 m3 m−3), increased from WET (0.058 m3 m−3) to INT (0.088 m3 m−3) to DRY (0.108 m3 m−3) which has important implications for Moisture stress under conditions of persistent WT drawdown. Given the potential importance of microtopographic succession for altering peatland hydraulic structure, our findings point to the need for a better understanding of what controls the relative height and proportional coverage of hummocks in relation to long-term disturbance-response dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zhiyong Jason Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Moisture Retention extended enhanced bioelectrochemical remediation of unsaturated soil
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Huan Wang, Yixiao Cui, Song Jin, Yi Zuo, Zhiyong Jason RenAbstract:Abstract Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have demonstrated great promise in augmented biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in water-saturated soils. However, bioremediation of unsaturated soil in vadose zone has been a challenge due to poor mass transfer and low conductivity. This study proposed a Moisture Retention layer (2 cm thickness) around the BES anodes to enhance soil remediation under unsaturated conditions. The active soil BESs (closed circuit) includes two reactors with anodic Moisture-retaining layers of soil-polyacrylamide hydrogel (SHB) and graphite granule-polyacrylamide hydrogel (GHB) mixtures, and another reactor filled with only soil (SB) without Moisture-retaining layer. An open circuit SB was served as a control to simulate natural attenuation. This study demonstrated for the first time that Moisture Retention layers around the BES anodes could significantly extend and enhance hydrocarbon degradation in vadose zone soil. Results showed that SHB reactor could maintain 43–100% longer duration for electricity generation than other reactors. Correspondingly, SHB showed the best removal (average 21–37%) of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in spatial distribution, which was ~91% and ~164% higher than other BESs and control, respectively. This study demonstrated that by using low-cost and environmentally friendly hydrogel, BESs could become a viable remediation method for vadose zone soil.
Ali Asghar Jafarzadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Digital mapping of soil Moisture Retention properties using solely satellite-based data and data mining techniques
Journal of Hydrology, 2020Co-Authors: Mehrdad Jeihouni, Seyed Kazem Alavipanah, Ara Toomanian, Ali Asghar JafarzadehAbstract:Abstract Soil Moisture Retention is an important environmental factor that controls water availability in agro-ecosystems. Comprehensive information on spatial distribution and patterns of soil properties controlling Moisture Retention such as organic carbon (OC), clay content, and saturation percentage (SP) are crucial for effective land management and sustainable development. This study seeks to employ two data mining algorithms named Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) as predictive models in digital soil mapping (DSM) and quantify the associated uncertainty at a grid resolution of 30 m using satellite-based covariates. For each model, the features selected based on their interior algorithm during the training of the models. The performance and accuracy of MARS and GEP were evaluated through nine statistical/quantitative and graphical criteria, including mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2), relative RMSE (RMSE%), Taylor diagram, scatter, curve fitting, and point density plots. For each model, the prediction maps of soil properties and their associated uncertainty maps were generated. The results revealed that MARS outperformed GEP in providing predictions with superior performance and accuracy. Moreover, MARS performed better in showing the spatial distributions and patterns of all the studied soil properties. In addition, the MARS model produced less prediction uncertainty and can predict soil Moisture Retention properties more accurately. This study highlights the key role of data mining/numerical modeling algorithms as predictive models in DSM toward the most accurate predictions. Moreover, the study expressed the capabilities of remote sensing derived data in predicting complex soil properties. This study opened a new research line for accurate DSM.
Ravi Kumar Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on Moisture Retention in potato crop solanum tuberosum l
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Lalit Goel, Vijay Shankar, Ravi Kumar SharmaAbstract:Mulching is a practice recommended for soil Moisture conservation in potato. The wheat straw and rice straw obtained as major crop residues were used as mulching materials to compare their effectiveness for soil Moisture Retention in potato crop. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice with three treatments viz. plots incorporated with wheat straw mulch, rice straw mulch at the rate of 10 tonnes per hectare each and no mulch serving as control. The soil Moisture was determined using a soil Moisture probe and data were recorded daily at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate Moisture Retention characteristics of the mulch materials. Soil Moisture Retention varied as wheat straw mulch > rice straw mulch > no mulch at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Highest Moisture Retention in wheat straw mulch at 10 cm depth is attributed to better Moisture absorption ability of wheat straw in comparison to rice straw. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated the presence of smaller sized micro tubes in wheat straw than rice straw, which resulted in more water Retention, thereby substantiating the findings of the study. Wheat straw mulch is more effective than rice straw mulch for shallow rooted crops like potato, due to better Moisture absorption and Retention in upper soil layer.
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Investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on Moisture Retention in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Lalit Goel, Vijay Shankar, Ravi Kumar SharmaAbstract:Abstract Purpose Mulching is a practice recommended for soil Moisture conservation in potato. The wheat straw and rice straw obtained as major crop residues were used as mulching materials to compare their effectiveness for soil Moisture Retention in potato crop. Methods The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice with three treatments viz. plots incorporated with wheat straw mulch, rice straw mulch at the rate of 10 tonnes per hectare each and no mulch serving as control. The soil Moisture was determined using a soil Moisture probe and data were recorded daily at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate Moisture Retention characteristics of the mulch materials. Results Soil Moisture Retention varied as wheat straw mulch > rice straw mulch > no mulch at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Highest Moisture Retention in wheat straw mulch at 10 cm depth is attributed to better Moisture absorption ability of wheat straw in comparison to rice straw. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated the presence of smaller sized micro tubes in wheat straw than rice straw, which resulted in more water Retention, thereby substantiating the findings of the study. Conclusion Wheat straw mulch is more effective than rice straw mulch for shallow rooted crops like potato, due to better Moisture absorption and Retention in upper soil layer.
Chen Xiangwei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relationship Between Growing Stock and Static Moisture Retention Power
Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Chen XiangweiAbstract:Water-holding capacity of litter and soil of typical natural secondary forest with different stock volume on eastern mountains of Heilongjiang province were studied.The results indicate that the effective and maximum water-holding capacity of litter and soil increases distinctly with the increment of stock volume.The effect of per unit area growing stock on effective water-holding capacity is weaker,keeping the tendency of adding of growing stock and effective water-holding capacity.Through exponential curve regression,in each functional indexes of static Moisture Retention power,the effect of per unit area growing stock on the maximum water-holding capacity of litter and the effective water-holding capacity of soil are significantly.The static Moisture Retention power keeps steady and the water conservation reaches the maximum when the range of growing stock is from 241.56~369.95 m3·hm-2.
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Study on Static Moisture Retention Power of the Mixed Forest of Fraxinus mandshurica
Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Chen XiangweiAbstract:Moisture Retention power of the mixed and pure forest of Fraxinus mandshurica was investigated.The results indicated that the maximum Moisture capacity of the litter varied from 16.07 to 21.65 t·hm~(2).And its effective Moisture capacity varied from 9.05 to 12.82 t·hm~(-2).The saturation Moisture capacity of the soil varied from 2 871.2 to 3 035.0 t·hm~(-2),and its effective Moisture capacity varied from 257.6 to 506.6 t·hm~(-2).Static Moisture Retention power of the mixed forest of Fraxinus mandchurica with conifer was better than pure forest of Fraxinus mandchurica. Among three mixed forest of Fraxinus mandshurica and conifer,water conservation capacity declined order was the mixed forest of Fraxinus mandshurica with Pinus koraiensis,the mixed forest of Fraxinus mandshurica with Picea asperata,the mixed forest of Fraxinus mandshurica with Larix.