The Experts below are selected from a list of 68070 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sanjiv S. Gambhir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pediatric Molecular Imaging
Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2014Co-Authors: Heike E. Daldrup-link, Sanjiv S. GambhirAbstract:Molecular Imaging technologies allow an in vivo detection, characterization, and quantification of cellular and Molecular abnormalities that form the basis of disease. By contrast, traditional diagnostic Imaging techniques detect morphologic-structural abnormalities that represent end effects of these biological alterations. The ability to image cellular and Molecular alterations of target tissues in vivo, in patients, potentially allows for disease detection at an earlier stage of development and provides more specific information about the natural evolution of the underlying pathologic process (e.g., benign vs. malignant, low vs. high aggressiveness, regardless of therapy), thereby allowing for better tailored, individualized therapy approaches. While translational Molecular Imaging approaches are increasingly integrated into the clinical care of adult patients, clinical Molecular Imaging applications in pediatric patients are still limited due to safety considerations and regulatory and administrative hurdles. However, many diseases in children have specific Molecular fingerprints that make them well-suited candidates for targeted Imaging approaches. The clinical need for more specific information along with the continued success of Molecular Imaging techniques in adult patients will ultimately penetrate into pediatric Imaging applications. New, child-adapted Molecular Imaging approaches are expected to improve our knowledge of the biology of pediatric disease and support the development of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This chapter will provide an overview over current and emerging Molecular Imaging techniques for pediatric patients. We will elaborate upon specific considerations for child-adapted Imaging tests and discuss emerging clinical applications. Future developments aim to integrate the advantages of several different Molecular Imaging tools towards the development of more comprehensive, quantitative readouts that can direct early decision making, guide individualized clinical care procedures, and ultimately, accelerate and improve positive treatment outcomes.
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Molecular Imaging current status and emerging strategies
Clinical Radiology, 2010Co-Authors: Marybeth A Pysz, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Jurgen K WillmannAbstract:In vivo Molecular Imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases in early stages (screening), identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific treatment (personalized medicine), applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring Molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current clinical Molecular Imaging approaches primarily use positron-emission tomography (PET) or single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based techniques. In ongoing preclinical research, novel Molecular targets of different diseases are identified and, sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents for Imaging these Molecular targets are developed along with new technologies and instrumentation for multi-modality Molecular Imaging. Contrast-enhanced Molecular ultrasound (US) with Molecularly-targeted contrast microbubbles is explored as a clinically translatable Molecular Imaging strategy for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases at the Molecular level. Optical Imaging with fluorescent Molecular probes and US Imaging with Molecularly-targeted microbubbles are attractive strategies as they provide real-time Imaging, are relatively inexpensive, produce images with high spatial resolution, and do not involve exposure to ionizing irradiation. Raman spectroscopy/microscopy has emerged as a Molecular optical Imaging strategy for ultrasensitive detection of multiple biomolecules/biochemicals with both in vivo and ex vivo versatility. Photoacoustic Imaging is a hybrid of optical and US techniques involving optically-excitable Molecularly-targeted contrast agents and quantitative detection of resulting oscillatory contrast agent movement with US. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation, such as endoscopes and microcatheters, suggest that these Molecular Imaging methods have numerous potential clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.
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Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Sanjiv S. GambhirAbstract:Molecular Imaging is a growing field in which Molecular spies are introduced into subjects. Optical Molecular Imaging is rapidly growing and with the use of novel Imaging agents has great potential to accelerate medical care.
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Molecular Imaging in drug development
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2008Co-Authors: Jurgen K Willmann, Nicholas Van Bruggen, Ludger Dinkelborg, Sanjiv S. GambhirAbstract:Molecular Imaging, which can allow the non-invasive monitoring of biological processes in living subjects, has the potential to enhance understanding of disease and drug activity in both preclinical and clinical drug studies, aiding effective translational research. Gambhir and colleagues review the applications of Molecular Imaging in drug development, and discuss challenges that need to be addressed to optimize its utility.
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Regulatory and Reimbursement Challenges for Molecular Imaging
Radiology, 2007Co-Authors: John M. Hoffman, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Gary J. KelloffAbstract:Molecular Imaging is being hailed as the next great advance for Imaging. Since Molecular Imaging typically involves the use of specific Imaging probes that are treated like drugs, they will require regulatory approval. As with any drug, Molecular Imaging probes and techniques will also require thorough assessment in clinical trials to show safety and efficacy. The timeline for the regulatory approval will be long and potentially problematic because of the mounting costs of obtaining final regulatory approval. The current article is a detailed review of the regulatory and reimbursement process that will be required for Molecular Imaging probes and techniques to become a widespread clinical reality. The role of Molecular Imaging in the therapeutic drug discovery process will also be reviewed, as this is where these exciting new techniques have the potential to revolutionize the drug discovery and development process and, it is hoped, make it less costly. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tom...
Jurgen K Willmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrasound for Molecular Imaging and therapy in cancer.
Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Osamu F. Kaneko, Jurgen K WillmannAbstract:Over the past decade, Molecularly-targeted contrast enhanced ultrasound (ultrasound Molecular Imaging) has attracted significant attention in preclinical research of cancer diagnostic and therapy. Potential applications for ultrasound Molecular Imaging run the gamut from early detection and characterization of malignancies to monitoring treatment responses and guiding therapies. There may also be a role for ultrasound contrast agents for improved delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and gene therapies across biological barriers. Currently, a first Phase 0 clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer assesses toxicity and feasibility of ultrasound Molecular Imaging using contrast agents targeted at the angiogenic marker vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2). This mini-review highlights recent advances and potential applications of ultrasound Molecular Imaging and ultrasound-guided therapy in cancer.
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Molecular Imaging current status and emerging strategies
Clinical Radiology, 2010Co-Authors: Marybeth A Pysz, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Jurgen K WillmannAbstract:In vivo Molecular Imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases in early stages (screening), identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific treatment (personalized medicine), applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring Molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current clinical Molecular Imaging approaches primarily use positron-emission tomography (PET) or single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based techniques. In ongoing preclinical research, novel Molecular targets of different diseases are identified and, sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents for Imaging these Molecular targets are developed along with new technologies and instrumentation for multi-modality Molecular Imaging. Contrast-enhanced Molecular ultrasound (US) with Molecularly-targeted contrast microbubbles is explored as a clinically translatable Molecular Imaging strategy for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases at the Molecular level. Optical Imaging with fluorescent Molecular probes and US Imaging with Molecularly-targeted microbubbles are attractive strategies as they provide real-time Imaging, are relatively inexpensive, produce images with high spatial resolution, and do not involve exposure to ionizing irradiation. Raman spectroscopy/microscopy has emerged as a Molecular optical Imaging strategy for ultrasensitive detection of multiple biomolecules/biochemicals with both in vivo and ex vivo versatility. Photoacoustic Imaging is a hybrid of optical and US techniques involving optically-excitable Molecularly-targeted contrast agents and quantitative detection of resulting oscillatory contrast agent movement with US. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation, such as endoscopes and microcatheters, suggest that these Molecular Imaging methods have numerous potential clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.
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Molecular Imaging in drug development
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2008Co-Authors: Jurgen K Willmann, Nicholas Van Bruggen, Ludger Dinkelborg, Sanjiv S. GambhirAbstract:Molecular Imaging, which can allow the non-invasive monitoring of biological processes in living subjects, has the potential to enhance understanding of disease and drug activity in both preclinical and clinical drug studies, aiding effective translational research. Gambhir and colleagues review the applications of Molecular Imaging in drug development, and discuss challenges that need to be addressed to optimize its utility.
Ralph Weissleder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical and multimodality Molecular Imaging: Insights into atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Farouc A Jaffer, Peter Libby, Ralph WeisslederAbstract:Imaging approaches that visualize Molecular targets rather than anatomic structures aim to illuminate vital Molecular and cellular aspects of atherosclerosis biology in vivo. Several such Molecular Imaging strategies stand ready for rapid clinical application. This review describes the growing role of in vivo optical Molecular Imaging in atherosclerosis and highlights its ability to visualize atheroma inflammation, calcification, and angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss advances in multimodality probes, both in the context of multimodal Imaging as well as multifunctional, or "theranostic," nanoparticles. This review highlights particular Molecular Imaging strategies that possess strong potential for clinical translation.
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Molecular Imaging of myocardial infarction.
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 2006Co-Authors: Farouc A Jaffer, Matthias Nahrendorf, David E. Sosnovik, Ralph WeisslederAbstract:Molecular tools are rapidly elucidating the Molecular and cellular processes underlying myocardial infarction. To further understand these biological processes in vivo, investigators are embracing the burgeoning field of Molecular Imaging. Here we review important aspects of Molecular Imaging technology and then devote the majority of the text to studies that shed light on the in vivo pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. In particular, we focus on post-infarction healing and remodeling and discuss Molecular Imaging of proteolytic activity, angiogenesis, transglutaminase activity, and apoptosis. In the future, novel reporter agents and high-resolution cardiac Imaging systems should enable Imaging of emerging targets such as activated macrophages and myeloperoxidase activity, as well as stem cell-based and gene therapy-based myocardial regenerative strategies, in both experimental and clinical subjects.
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Molecular Imaging in the clinical arena
JAMA, 2005Co-Authors: Farouc A Jaffer, Ralph WeisslederAbstract:Molecular Imaging is an emerging field that aims to integrate patient-specific and disease-specific Molecular information with traditional anatomical Imaging readouts. The information provided by this field may ultimately allow for noninvasive or minimally invasive Molecular diagnostic capabilities, better clinical risk stratification, more optimal selection of disease therapy, and improved assessment of treatment efficacy. In this update, we first provide an overview of clinically relevant Molecular Imaging technologies and Imaging agents. Next, their applications to disease detection, drug discovery, and biomedical research are discussed. To specifically demonstrate the potential of Molecular Imaging, we highlight recent advances in clinical and preclinical Molecular Imaging of cancer and atherosclerosis.
Xiaoyuan Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design and development of Molecular Imaging probes.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Kai Chen, Xiaoyuan ChenAbstract:: Molecular Imaging, the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the cellular, subcellular level, or even Molecular level in living subjects, has rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of personalized medicine. Molecular Imaging takes advantage of the traditional diagnostic Imaging techniques and introduces Molecular Imaging probes to determine the expression of indicative Molecular markers at different stages of diseases and disorders. As a key component of Molecular Imaging, Molecular Imaging probe must be able to specifically reach the target of interest in vivo while retaining long enough to be detected. A desirable Molecular Imaging probe with clinical translation potential is expected to have unique characteristics. Therefore, design and development of Molecular Imaging probe is frequently a challenging endeavor for medicinal chemists. This review summarizes the general principles of Molecular Imaging probe design and some fundamental strategies of Molecular Imaging probe development with a number of illustrative examples.
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nanoplatforms for targeted Molecular Imaging in living subjects
Small, 2007Co-Authors: Xiaoyuan ChenAbstract:: Molecular or personalized medicine is the future of patient management and Molecular Imaging plays a key role towards this goal. Recently, nanoplatform-based Molecular Imaging has emerged as an interdisciplinary field, which involves chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. Possessing unprecedented potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment of diseases, nanoplatforms have been employed in every single biomedical Imaging modality, namely, optical Imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance Imaging, single-photon-emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Multifunctionality is the key advantage of nanoplatforms over traditional approaches. Targeting ligands, Imaging labels, therapeutic drugs, and many other agents can all be integrated into the nanoplatform to allow for targeted Molecular Imaging and Molecular therapy by encompassing many biological and biophysical barriers. In this Review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art of nanoplatforms for targeted Molecular Imaging in living subjects.
Martin G. Pomper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Imaging in Oncology - Molecular Imaging in Oncology.
Medical Physics, 2009Co-Authors: Martin G. Pomper, Juri G. GelovaniAbstract:Foreword. A Word on Molecular Imaging. Preface. Tumor Biology. Introduction to Molecular Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology. The Analysis of Complex Datasets: Challenges and Opportunities. Molecular PET Imaging Instrumentation and Techniques. Molecular SPECT Imaging Instrumentation and Techniques. Ultrasound Instrumentation and Techniques. Oncological Applications of MR Spectroscopy. Physiological and Functional Imaging with CT: Techniques and Applications. Multi-Modality Imaging Instrumentation and Techniques. Targeted Agents for MRI. High-throughput Screening for Probe Development. Radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT. Radionuclides for Therapy. CEST Contrast Agents. Optical Imaging Probes. Nanoparticles in Molecular Imaging. Long-lived and Unconventional PET Radionuclides. The Design of New Imaging Agents Using Positron Emitting Radionuclides as the Reporter. Targeted Radiolabeled Receptor-avid Peptides. Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agents. Quantification in Small Animal PET and SPECT Imaging. In Vivo Imaging Mouse Models of Breast Cancer. Basics of Small Animal Handling for In Vivo Imaging. Imaging Cellular Networks and Protein-Protein Interactions In Vivo. Novel Reporter Probes for HSV1-tk Gene Expression. Clinical Potential of Gene Expression Imaging. Overview of Molecular-genetic Imaging. Imaging Angiogenesis. Imaging Apoptosis. Imaging Cell Trafficking with MR Imaging. General Considerations for Labeling and Imaging of Cells. Molecular Imaging of the Extracellular Matrix and Lymphatic Phenomena in Tumors. Nuclear Imaging of Adoptive Cell Therapies. Optical Techniques for Imaging of Cell Trafficking. Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer. Monoclonal Antibody Imaging. Advanced MRI Imaging in Cancer: Translating Basic Science to Practice. Molecular Imaging of Breast Carcinoma. FDG PET/CT Imaging. Clinical uses and opportunities. Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Anticancer Drug Development with Optical Imaging. Drug Development with Radiopharmaceuticals. NIH Funding Sources for Molecular Imaging in Oncology. Drug Development with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Industrial-Academic Collaboration. The Future of Molecular Imaging.
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Molecular Imaging of Metastatic Potential
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Paul T. Winnard, Arvind P. Pathak, Surajit Dhara, Venu Raman, Martin G. PomperAbstract:: If Molecular Imaging is to prove clinically useful it will have to surpass current, primarily anatomic techniques in terms of sensitivity and the ability to detect minimal changes in tissue. One of the most important tests for Molecular Imaging is to determine whether it can image the metastatic potential of tumors. Like all predictive endeavors, the Imaging of such "potential" is a daunting task, but one that only Molecular Imaging--rather than standard, anatomic techniques--is likely to solve. Although difficult, Imaging of metastatic potential is also arguably the most important task for Molecular Imaging of cancer because it is generally the dissemination of malignant tissue, not its prolonged residence in an inopportune site, which kills the patient. Below are examples of uses of Molecular Imaging of metastases as well as of metastatic potential, the former being a far more developed area of clinical inquiry.
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Molecular Imaging: The Future of Modern Medicine
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Peter S. Conti, Alexander J.b. Mcewan, Martin G. PomperAbstract:The second Industry/Expert Molecular Imaging Summit, ‘‘Molecular Imaging: The Future of Modern Medicine,’’ was held February 17–19 in Newport Beach, CA. Hosted by the SNM Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (MICoE), the meeting provided an opportunity for leaders from academia, industry, government, and regulatory agencies to come together both formally and informally to identify and discuss issues crucial to the advancement of Molecular Imaging along the continuum from discovery to beneficial clinical applications.
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Molecular Imaging for Oncology
Clinical Cancer Research, 2006Co-Authors: Martin G. PomperAbstract:ED-05 Although most clinical diagnostic Imaging studies employ anatomic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) Imaging, much of radiology research currently focuses on adapting these conventional methods to physiologic Imaging as well as on introducing new techniques and probes for studying processes at the cellular and Molecular levels in vivo, i.e. Molecular Imaging. Molecular Imaging promises to provide new methods for the early detection of disease and support for personalized therapy. Although Molecular Imaging has been practiced in various incarnations for over 20 years in the context of nuclear medicine, other Imaging modalities have only recently been applied to the noninvasive assessment of physiology and Molecular events. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient experience with specifically targeted contrast agents and high-resolution techniques for MR Imaging and other modalities that we must begin moving these new technologies from the laboratory to the clinic. This brief overview will outline Molecular Imaging from probe development to clinical translation, with a focus on translational (small animal) and early clinical Imaging of cancer. We will discuss the ability for Molecular Imaging to assess specific signal transduction cascades, which are increasingly the targets of newer, cytostatic therapeutic agents, and provide examples of how existing or readily accessible Molecular tracers and techniques can provide insight into rather complex biological phenomena in vivo.
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Translational Molecular Imaging for cancer.
Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society, 2005Co-Authors: Martin G. PomperAbstract:Although most clinical diagnostic Imaging studies employ anatomic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) Imaging, much of radiology research currently focuses on adapting these conventional methods to physiologic Imaging as well as on introducing new techniques and probes for studying processes at the cellular and Molecular levels in vivo, i.e. Molecular Imaging. Molecular Imaging promises to provide new methods for the early detection of cancer and support for personalized cancer therapy. Although Molecular Imaging has been practiced in various incarnations for over 20 years in the context of nuclear medicine, other Imaging modalities have only recently been applied to the noninvasive assessment of physiology and Molecular events. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient experience with specifically targeted contrast agents and high-resolution techniques for MR Imaging and other modalities that we must begin moving these new technologies from the laboratory to the clinic. This brief review outlines several of the more promising areas of pursuit in Molecular Imaging for oncology with an emphasis on those that show the most immediate likelihood for clinical translation.
