The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenneth D. Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molluscs emergent, Part I: themes and trends in the scientific investigation of mollusc shells as resources for archaeological research
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Kenneth D. ThomasAbstract:The second most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom, the Mollusca occur in virtually all the environments which are either occupied or exploited by humans. The study of mollusc remains in archaeology has a long history, but the last 10–15 years has witnessed a proliferation of such studies, accompanied by a diversification both in the methods employed to analyse mollusc shells and the research questions they can help address. The analysis of shells of Molluscs from archaeological contexts can potentially inform about the environmental, chronological, subsistence, behavioural and social contexts of people in the past; the latter three aspects being considered in Part II (Thomas, 2015). The principal research themes discussed in Part I are: palaeoenvironmental reconstruction; sclerochronology and sclerochemistry; radiocarbon dating of marine mollusc shells, the selection of shells for dating and calibrating the dates; and amino acid racemization dating. The focus is on current research themes and recent published output which are considered with a view to possible future developments.
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Molluscs emergent, Part II: themes and trends in the scientific investigation of Molluscs and their shells as past human resources
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Kenneth D. ThomasAbstract:Abstract Recent work in three major research themes involving Molluscs is reviewed: 1. Molluscs in past human diets and subsistence systems, sclerochemistry and seasonality studies on mollusc harvesting times using stable isotopes of oxygen; 2. the impact of foraging on mollusc populations, resource management strategies, and settlement patterns and mobility of coastal foragers; and 3. mollusc shells as artefacts and personal ornaments, including manufacture and use, provenance studies and exchange systems, and human cognition. Most of the discussion is about marine Molluscs and their shells, although land snails and freshwater shells are also considered, where appropriate.
Annabelle Cuttelod - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
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The conservation status of the world's freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
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European Red List of non-marine Molluscs
2011Co-Authors: Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon, Elke NeubertAbstract:This publication summarises results for all of Europe's native freshwater species of mollusc and for a selection of terrestrial mollusc families. About 44% of the freshwater Molluscs and 20% of the selected terrestrial Molluscs are threatened with extinction at the European level as a result of threats including pollution, dams, and water extraction (mainly for agriculture and drinking purposes) for the freshwater ecosystems and urbanisation, agriculture and recreation activities for the terrestrial Molluscs.
Kirsten Benkendorff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review of anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and wound healing properties of Molluscs
ePublications@SCU, 2017Co-Authors: Ahmad, Tarek B, Liu Lei, Kotiw Michael, Kirsten BenkendorffAbstract:This review focuses on traditional and contemporary anti-inflammatory uses of mollusc-derived products summarising all the in vitro, in vivo and human clinical trials that have tested the anti-inflammatory activity of molluscan natural products. Inflammatory conditions, burns and wounds have been an ongoing concern for human health since the early era of civilisation. Many texts from ancient medicine have recorded the symptoms, signs and treatments for these conditions. Natural treatments are well-documented in traditional European medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Siddha and ancient Mediterranean and African traditional medicine and include a surprisingly large number of molluscan species. Methods: An extensive review of the Materia Medica and scientific literature was undertaken using key word searches for mollusc and anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory or wound healing . Results: Molluscs have been used in ethnomedicine by many traditional cultures to treat different aspects of inflammatory conditions. We found 104 different anti-inflammatory preparations from a variety of molluscan species, of which 70 were from the well-documented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This traditional use of Molluscs has driven the testing for inflammatory activity in extracts from some species in the phylum Mollusca, with 20 in vitro studies, 40 in vivo animal studies and 14 human clinical trials performed to substantiate the anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of Molluscs. Some of these studies have led to the approval of mollusc-derived products to be used as over-the-counter (OTC) nutraceuticals, like Lyprinol® and Biolane™ from the New Zealand green lipped mussel Perna canaliculus. Conclusion: Natural products provide important leads for the development of pharmaceuticals, including anti-inflammatory agents. Only a small proportion of the molluscan traditional medicines have been tested to confirm their anti-inflammatory activity and most screening studies have tested crude extracts from Molluscs without any chemical characterisation. This highlights the need for further research to strategically identify the anti-inflammatory compounds in molluscan medicines to provide leads for novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the future
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molluscan biological and chemical diversity secondary metabolites and medicinal resources produced by marine Molluscs
Biological Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: Kirsten BenkendorffAbstract:The phylum Mollusca represents an enormous diversity of species with eight distinct classes. This review provides a taxonomic breakdown of the published research on marine molluscan natural products and the medicinal products currently derived from Molluscs, in order to identify priority targets and strategies for future research. Some marine gastropods and bivalves have been of great interest to natural products chemists, yielding a diversity of chemical classes and several drug leads currently in clinical trials. Molluscs also feature prominently in a broad range of traditional natural medicines, although the active ingredients in the taxa involved are typically unknown. Overall secondary metabolites have only been investigated from a tiny proportion (<1%) of molluscan species. At the class level, the number of species subject to chemical studies mirrors species richness and our relative knowledge of the biology of different taxa. The majority of molluscan natural products research is focused within one of the major groups of gastropods, the opisthobranchs (a subgroup of Heterobranchia), which are primarily comprised of soft-bodied marine Molluscs. Conversely, most molluscan medicines are derived from shelled gastropods and bivalves. The complete disregard for several minor classes of Molluscs is unjustified based on their evolutionary history and unique life styles, which may have led to novel pathways for secondary metabolism. The Polyplacophora, in particular, have been identified as worthy of future investigation given their use in traditional South African medicines and their abundance in littoral ecosystems. As bioactive compounds are not always constitutively expressed in Molluscs, future research should be targeted towards biosynthetic organs and inducible defence reactions for specific medicinal applications. Given the lack of an acquired immune system, the use of bioactive secondary metabolites is likely to be ubiquitous throughout the Mollusca and broadening the search field may uncover interesting novel chemistry.
Monika Böhm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
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The conservation status of the world's freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
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The conservation status of the world's freshwater Molluscs
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Monika Böhm, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Mary Seddon, Sophie E. H. Ledger, Christian Albrecht, David Allen, Arthur E. Bogan, Jay Cordeiro, Kevin S. Cummings, Annabelle CuttelodAbstract:With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater Molluscs
'Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)', 2020Co-Authors: Böhm M, Nadia I. Dewhurst-richman, Seddon M, Ledger Seh, Albrecht C, Allen D, Ae Bogan, Cordeiro J, Ks Cummings, Cuttelod AAbstract:© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater Molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater Molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater Molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time
