The Experts below are selected from a list of 19623 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jean Decety - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Neural networks underlying implicit and explicit Moral Evaluations in psychopathy.
Translational psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Keith J. Yoder, Carla L. Harenski, Kent A. Kiehl, Jean DecetyAbstract:Psychopathy, characterized by symptoms of emotional detachment, reduced guilt and empathy and a callous disregard for the rights and welfare of others, is a strong risk factor for imMoral behavior. Psychopathy is also marked by abnormal attention with downstream consequences on emotional processing. To examine the influence of task demands on Moral Evaluation in psychopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neural response and functional connectivity in 88 incarcerated male subjects (28 with Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scores ⩾30) while they viewed dynamic visual stimuli depicting interpersonal harm and interpersonal assistance in two contexts, implicit and explicit. During the implicit task, high psychopathy was associated with reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate when viewing harmful compared with helpful social interactions. Functional connectivity seeded in the right amygdala and right temporoparietal junction revealed decreased coupling with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula, striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In the explicit task, higher trait psychopathy predicted reduced signal change in ACC and amygdala, accompanied by decreased functional connectivity to temporal pole, insula and striatum, but increased connectivity with dorsal ACC. Psychopathy did not influence behavioral performance in either task, despite differences in neural activity and functional connectivity. These findings provide the first direct evidence that hemodynamic activity and neural coupling within the salience network are disrupted in psychopathy, and that the effects of psychopathy on Moral Evaluation are influenced by attentional demands.
-
The Neuroscience of Implicit Moral Evaluation and Its Relation to Generosity in Early Childhood
Current biology : CB, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Cowell, Jean DecetyAbstract:Despite cultural and individual variation, humans are a judgmental bunch. There is accumulating evidence for early social and Moral Evaluation as shown by research with infants and children documenting the notion that some behaviors are perceived as right and others are perceived as wrong. Moreover, social interactions are governed by a concern for fairness and others' well-being. However, although generosity increases between infancy and late childhood, it is less clear what mechanisms guide this change. Early predispositions toward prosociality are thought to arise in concert with the social and cultural environment, developing into adult Morality, a complex incorporation of emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes. Using EEG combined with eye tracking and behavioral sharing, we investigated, for the first time, the temporal neurodynamics of implicit Moral Evaluation in 3- to 5-year-old children. Results show distinct early automatic attentional (EPN) and later cognitively controlled (N2, LPP) patterns of neural response while viewing characters engaging in helping and harming behaviors. Importantly, later (LPP), but not early (EPN), waveforms predicted actual generosity. These results shed light on theories of Moral development by documenting the respective contribution of automatic and cognitive neural processes underpinning social Evaluation and directly link these neural computations to prosocial behavior in children.
Alessandro Antonietti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Age-Related Differences in Contribution of Rule-Based Thinking toward Moral Evaluations.
Frontiers in psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Simona Carla Silvia Caravita, Lindamulage Nivarthana De Silva, Vera Pagani, Barbara Colombo, Alessandro AntoniettiAbstract:This study aims to investigate the interplay of different criteria of Moral Evaluation, related to the type of the rule and context characteristics, in Moral reasoning of children, early, and late adolescents. Students attending to fourth, seventh, and tenth grade were asked to evaluate the acceptability of rule breaking actions using ad hoc scenarios. Results suggest that the role of different Moral Evaluation criteria changes by age. During adolescence a greater integration of the Moral criteria emerged. Moreover, adolescents also prioritized the Evaluation of Moral rule (forbidding to harm others) violations as non-acceptable when the perpetrator harms an innocent victim by applying a direct personal force. The relevance of these findings to increase the understanding of how Moral reasoning changes by age for the assessment of impairments in Moral reasoning of non-normative groups is also discussed.
Martin Jacob - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Self-Serving Bias and Tax Morale
Economics Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Kay Blaufus, Matthias Braune, Jochen Hundsdoerfer, Martin JacobAbstract:Abstract In a real-effort laboratory experiment, we find that Moral Evaluation of tax evasion is subject to a self-serving bias. Subjects with the opportunity to evade taxes judge tax evasion as less unethical as opposed to those who cannot evade.
-
Self-serving bias and tax Morale
2014Co-Authors: Kay Blaufus, Matthias Braune, Jochen Hundsdoerfer, Martin JacobAbstract:In a real-effort laboratory experiment to manipulate evasion opportunities, we study whether the Moral Evaluation of tax evasion is subject to a self-serving bias. We find that tax Morale is egoistically biased: Subjects with the opportunity to evade taxes judge tax evasion as less unethical as opposed to those who cannot evade. The detection probability does not affect this result. Further, we do not find Moral spillover effects, for example, on legal activities.
Simona Carla Silvia Caravita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Age-Related Differences in Contribution of Rule-Based Thinking toward Moral Evaluations.
Frontiers in psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Simona Carla Silvia Caravita, Lindamulage Nivarthana De Silva, Vera Pagani, Barbara Colombo, Alessandro AntoniettiAbstract:This study aims to investigate the interplay of different criteria of Moral Evaluation, related to the type of the rule and context characteristics, in Moral reasoning of children, early, and late adolescents. Students attending to fourth, seventh, and tenth grade were asked to evaluate the acceptability of rule breaking actions using ad hoc scenarios. Results suggest that the role of different Moral Evaluation criteria changes by age. During adolescence a greater integration of the Moral criteria emerged. Moreover, adolescents also prioritized the Evaluation of Moral rule (forbidding to harm others) violations as non-acceptable when the perpetrator harms an innocent victim by applying a direct personal force. The relevance of these findings to increase the understanding of how Moral reasoning changes by age for the assessment of impairments in Moral reasoning of non-normative groups is also discussed.
Pierre Jacob - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Moral Evaluation shapes linguistic reports of others' psychological states, not theory-of-mind judgments
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Florian Cova, Emmanuel Dupoux, Pierre JacobAbstract:We use psychological concepts (e.g., intention and desire) when we ascribe psychological states to others for purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting their actions. Does the evidence reported by Knobe show, as he thinks, that Moral Evaluation shapes our mastery of psychological concepts? We argue that the evidence so far shows instead that Moral Evaluation shapes the way we report, not the way we think about, others' psychological states.
