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Faysal Bibi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a multi calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant bovidae artiodactyla ruminantia and the importance of the fossil record to systematics
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Faysal BibiAbstract:Molecular phylogenetics has provided unprecedented resolution in the ruminant evolutionary tree. However, molecular age estimates using only one or a few (often misapplied) fossil calibration points have produced a diversity of conflicting ages for important evolutionary events within this clade. I here identify 16 fossil calibration points of relevance to the phylogeny of Bovidae and Ruminantia and use these, individually and together, to construct a dated molecular phylogeny through a reanalysis of the full mitochondrial genome of over 100 ruminant species. The new multi-calibrated tree provides ages that are younger overall than found in previous studies. Among these are young ages for the origin of crown Ruminantia (39.3–28.8 Ma), and crown Bovidae (17.3–15.1 Ma). These are argued to be reasonable hypotheses given that many basal fossils assigned to these taxa may in fact lie on the stem groups leading to the crown clades, thus inflating previous age estimates. Areas of conflict between molecular and fossil dates do persist, however, especially with regard to the base of the rapid Pecoran radiation and the sister relationship of Moschidae to Bovidae. Results of the single-calibrated analyses also show that a very wide range of molecular age estimates are obtainable using different calibration points, and that the choice of calibration point can influence the topology of the resulting tree. Compared to the single-calibrated trees, the multi-calibrated tree exhibits smaller variance in estimated ages and better reflects the fossil record. The use of a large number of vetted fossil calibration points with soft bounds is promoted as a better approach than using just one or a few calibrations, or relying on internal-congruency metrics to discard good fossil data. This study also highlights the importance of considering morphological and ecological characteristics of clades when delimiting higher taxa. I also illustrate how phylogeographic and paleoenvironmental hypotheses inferred from a tree containing only extant taxa can be problematic without consideration of the fossil record. Incorporating the fossil record of Ruminantia is a necessary step for future analyses aiming to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this clade.
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A multi-calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and the importance of the fossil record to systematics
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Faysal BibiAbstract:Background Molecular phylogenetics has provided unprecedented resolution in the ruminant evolutionary tree. However, molecular age estimates using only one or a few (often misapplied) fossil calibration points have produced a diversity of conflicting ages for important evolutionary events within this clade. I here identify 16 fossil calibration points of relevance to the phylogeny of Bovidae and Ruminantia and use these, individually and together, to construct a dated molecular phylogeny through a reanalysis of the full mitochondrial genome of over 100 ruminant species. Results The new multi-calibrated tree provides ages that are younger overall than found in previous studies. Among these are young ages for the origin of crown Ruminantia (39.3–28.8 Ma), and crown Bovidae (17.3–15.1 Ma). These are argued to be reasonable hypotheses given that many basal fossils assigned to these taxa may in fact lie on the stem groups leading to the crown clades, thus inflating previous age estimates. Areas of conflict between molecular and fossil dates do persist, however, especially with regard to the base of the rapid Pecoran radiation and the sister relationship of Moschidae to Bovidae. Results of the single-calibrated analyses also show that a very wide range of molecular age estimates are obtainable using different calibration points, and that the choice of calibration point can influence the topology of the resulting tree. Compared to the single-calibrated trees, the multi-calibrated tree exhibits smaller variance in estimated ages and better reflects the fossil record. Conclusions The use of a large number of vetted fossil calibration points with soft bounds is promoted as a better approach than using just one or a few calibrations, or relying on internal-congruency metrics to discard good fossil data. This study also highlights the importance of considering morphological and ecological characteristics of clades when delimiting higher taxa. I also illustrate how phylogeographic and paleoenvironmental hypotheses inferred from a tree containing only extant taxa can be problematic without consideration of the fossil record. Incorporating the fossil record of Ruminantia is a necessary step for future analyses aiming to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this clade.
Morales Jorge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae) from Spain and a reassessment of the systematics and paleobiology of the genus Hispanomeryx Morales, MoyÀ-Solà, and Soria, 1981
'Informa UK Limited', 2021Co-Authors: Sánchez, Israel M., Morales Jorge, Demiguel Daniel, Almécija Sergio, Moyà-solà Salvador, Alba, David M.Abstract:We describe new specimens of the Miocene moschid Hispanomeryx, from the early Vallesian sites of Castell de Barberà (CB) and Ecoparc de Can Mata (ECM), Vallès-Penedès Basin, representing the first Iberian record of Hispanomeryx outside the inner Miocene basins. Fossils from ECM constitute Hispanomeryx lacetanus, sp. nov., the first Hispanomeryx to be described with a ‘Palaeomeryx fold (external postprotocristid).’ Fossils from CB constitute the first unambiguous record of Hispanomeryx aragonensis outside its type locality (La Ciesma-1B, Ebro Basin, Spain) and allow us to describe for the first time the upper molars of this species. Our phylogenetic analysis of Hispanomeryx places H. andrewsi from China as the sister group of a clade containing two European lineages. One of the latter places H. daamsi in a clade with the sister species H. duriensis and H. lacetanus, sp. nov., and the other groups together the two forms of H. aragonensis (type series from La Ciesma-1B plus the new material from CB). Emended diagnoses for the genus Hispanomeryx and all previously described species are presented. The new Hispanomeryx material from the Vallès-Penedès Basin constitutes the first unambiguous forest-dwelling Hispanomeryx ever recorded in Iberia, demonstrating that the previous lack of Hispanomeryx fossils in the Vallès-Penedès Basin was due to insufficient sampling rather than to paleoecological absence. It is therefore apparent that Hispanomeryx was as environmentally plastic as its relative Micromeryx, inhabiting similar habitats that varied from dry and open to humid and forested.This work was supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad) European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (CGL2015-68333-P, MINECO/FEDER-UE; CGL2016-76431-P; and CGL2016-76431-P, AEI/FEDER EU), the Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA Programme, 2017 SGR 86 GRC, and 2017 SGR 116 GRC), the Departament de Cultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya (field work grant 2014/100609), and the Leakey Foundation
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New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10–Mn 11) New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10–Mn 11)
'Society of Vertebrate Paleontology', 2009Co-Authors: Sánchez, Israel M., Domingo M. Soledad, Morales JorgeAbstract:New data on the last representatives of the Spanish Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) are presented and discussed. A new species of Micromeryx, Micromeryx soriae, is described on the basis of fossil material from the locality of La Roma-2 (upper Vallesian; MN 10, Teruel province, Spain, previously assigned to Micromeryx sp.), Batallones-1, and Batallones-10 (upper Vallesian; local zone J, MN 10, Madrid province, Spain). The new species is characterized by possessing relatively hypsodont lower molars of advanced morphology and a unique type of Palaeomeryx-fold. M. soriae gives insight to the last representatives of the genus, which achieved an overall lower molar morphology that mimics to certain degree that of Hispanomeryx. several characters of the upper molars of the Miocene moschids Micromeryx and Hispanomeryx are described that are useful for characterizing both genera. These characters are used to solve the taxonomic problems of PM-659, an upper molar from Puente Minero (MN 11, Teruel province, Spain) that represents one of the last survivors of the Moschidae in the Iberian Peninsula. The systematic utility of the upper molars of Hispanomeryx and Micromeryx is demonstrated, and the use of size as the only way to distinguish between the two genera is refuted. Finally, the study of the morphological characters of PM-659 clearly supports its generic change from Micromeryx sp. to Hispanomeryx sp., thus recording the presence of Hispanomeryx in the Iberian Peninsula as late as the lower Turolian.This study is part of the Spanish Government MICINN research projects CGL2006-01773/BTE, CGL-2005-03900 and CGL2004-00400/BTE, and is included in the Research Group CAM-UCM 910607.Peer reviewe
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Distribución biocronológica de los Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) en España
'Editorial CSIC', 2006Co-Authors: Sánchez, Israel Miguel, Morales JorgeAbstract:13 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.[ES] Los Moschidae son un grupo de rumiantes Pecora inermes que presentó una alta diversidad específica durante el Mioceno medio y superior en España. Aparecen en la zona local Db, con dos especies, Micromeryx flourensianus y Micromeryx sp. nov. 1, siendo esta última la forma más común durante la zona D. En la zona E Micromeryx sp. nov. 1 ha desaparecido, siendo sustituida por Micromeryx sp. nov. 2, de dentición más derivada. A partir de la zona local G, y durante más de cuatro millones de años, hasta la zona local J inclusive, la diversidad específica de los mósquidos ibéricos se hace mayor, coincidiendo con la aparición y diversificación de Hispanomeryx en la zona F. Durante todo este tiempo, el número mínimo de especies de mósquido en la Península Ibérica es de tres, alcanzándose un máximo de diversidad específica durante las zonas G3 y H, en las que siempre hubo al mismo tiempo cuatro especies de mósquidos; es, por tanto, este período de 2,5 millones de años el del apogeo del grupo en la Península Ibérica, siendo Micromeryx sp. nov. 3 la especie dominante durante este lapso temporal. En la zona H se produce un evento de extinción. En la zona J aparece una nueva asociación de mósquidos dominada por Micromeryx sp. nov. 4. El grupo se extingue totalmente hace unos 8 Ma en la zona K.[EN] The Moschidae are a group of hornless pecoran ruminants that showed a high specific diversity during the Middle and Upper Miocene in Spain. Moschids registered by the first time at the local zone Db with two species, Micromeryx flourensianus and Micromeryx sp. nov. 1. The latter species becomes extinct at local zone E, and it is substituted by Micromeryx sp. nov. 2, which shows a more derived dentition. From local zone G to local zone J and during a four million year period, the specific diversity of the Spanish Moschidae becomes higher, coinciding with the first record and diversification of the genus Hispanomeryx since local zone F times. During all this period (zones G to J) a minimum number of three moschid species always exists, with a maximum peak of four species during the zones G3 and H; this time span of 2,5 million years can be considered the moschid diversity apogee in the Iberian Peninsula, and it is dominated by the species Micromeryx sp. nov. 3. At local zone H a new moschid association dominated by Micromeryx sp. nov. 4 appears. The Moschidae became totally extinct in Spain 8 million years ago at local zone K.Este estudio se engloba dentro de los proyectos BTE-2003- 03001 y CGL-2005-03900 del MEC. Agradecemos a la Comunidad de Madrid (Dirección General de Patrimonio Histórico) su apoyo y financiación, así como a la Diputación General de Aragón (DGA) la financiación y los permisos de excavación y estudio de los yacimientos correspondientes.Peer reviewe
Israel M Sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new hispanomeryx mammalia ruminantia Moschidae from spain and a reassessment of the systematics and paleobiology of the genus hispanomeryx morales moya sola and soria 1981
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2019Co-Authors: Israel M Sanchez, Jorge Morales, Daniel Demiguel, Sergio Almecija, Salvador Moyasola, David M AlbaAbstract:ABSTRACTWe describe new specimens of the Miocene moschid Hispanomeryx, from the early Vallesian sites of Castell de Barbera (CB) and Ecoparc de Can Mata (ECM), Valles-Penedes Basin, representing th...
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the genus hispanomeryx mammalia ruminantia Moschidae and its bearing on musk deer phylogeny and systematics
Palaeontology, 2010Co-Authors: Israel M Sanchez, Soledad M Domingo, Jorge MoralesAbstract:Abstract: We update the systematics and comparative anatomy of the genus Hispanomeryx Morales, Moya-Sola and Soria, 1981 through the description of a new and abundant fossil material from the middle Miocene localities of Toril-3, Manchones-1 and Manchones-2, Zaragoza Province, Spain. Hispanomeryx was only known by dental remains, mainly mandibles and lower teeth, and very scarce postcranial material; the fossil sample studied here includes cranial, mandibular, dental and postcranial remains, and it allows us to describe in depth, for the first time, the anatomy of the genus. We also erect the new species Hispanomeryx daamsi. The material is good and abundant enough as to include Hispanomeryx in a cladistic analysis performed to explore its phylogenetic relationships within the Pecora. This analysis includes Hispanomeryx in a monophyletic Moschidae (musk deer) composed by Micromeryx, Hispanomeryx, ‘Moschus’ grandeavus and extant Moschus, and recovers a clade composed by moschids and bovids; this is the first time that a Moschidae-Bovidae sister-group relationship is backed-up by morphological data. A direct sister-group relationship between Hispanomeryx and the Bovidae is thus rejected. Several taxa previously assigned to the ‘Moschidae’ are rejected as true moschids. Finally, the cladistic phylogenetic analysis of Hispanomeryx demonstrates its monophyly and shows a basal species, H. aragonensis Azanza, 1986, and a clade formed by H. duriensis Morales et al., 1981 and H. daamsi sp. nov, characterized by the presence of more derived lower molars than those of H. aragonensis.
Jorge Morales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new hispanomeryx mammalia ruminantia Moschidae from spain and a reassessment of the systematics and paleobiology of the genus hispanomeryx morales moya sola and soria 1981
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2019Co-Authors: Israel M Sanchez, Jorge Morales, Daniel Demiguel, Sergio Almecija, Salvador Moyasola, David M AlbaAbstract:ABSTRACTWe describe new specimens of the Miocene moschid Hispanomeryx, from the early Vallesian sites of Castell de Barbera (CB) and Ecoparc de Can Mata (ECM), Valles-Penedes Basin, representing th...
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the genus hispanomeryx mammalia ruminantia Moschidae and its bearing on musk deer phylogeny and systematics
Palaeontology, 2010Co-Authors: Israel M Sanchez, Soledad M Domingo, Jorge MoralesAbstract:Abstract: We update the systematics and comparative anatomy of the genus Hispanomeryx Morales, Moya-Sola and Soria, 1981 through the description of a new and abundant fossil material from the middle Miocene localities of Toril-3, Manchones-1 and Manchones-2, Zaragoza Province, Spain. Hispanomeryx was only known by dental remains, mainly mandibles and lower teeth, and very scarce postcranial material; the fossil sample studied here includes cranial, mandibular, dental and postcranial remains, and it allows us to describe in depth, for the first time, the anatomy of the genus. We also erect the new species Hispanomeryx daamsi. The material is good and abundant enough as to include Hispanomeryx in a cladistic analysis performed to explore its phylogenetic relationships within the Pecora. This analysis includes Hispanomeryx in a monophyletic Moschidae (musk deer) composed by Micromeryx, Hispanomeryx, ‘Moschus’ grandeavus and extant Moschus, and recovers a clade composed by moschids and bovids; this is the first time that a Moschidae-Bovidae sister-group relationship is backed-up by morphological data. A direct sister-group relationship between Hispanomeryx and the Bovidae is thus rejected. Several taxa previously assigned to the ‘Moschidae’ are rejected as true moschids. Finally, the cladistic phylogenetic analysis of Hispanomeryx demonstrates its monophyly and shows a basal species, H. aragonensis Azanza, 1986, and a clade formed by H. duriensis Morales et al., 1981 and H. daamsi sp. nov, characterized by the presence of more derived lower molars than those of H. aragonensis.
Sánchez, Israel M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae) from Spain and a reassessment of the systematics and paleobiology of the genus Hispanomeryx Morales, MoyÀ-Solà, and Soria, 1981
'Informa UK Limited', 2021Co-Authors: Sánchez, Israel M., Morales Jorge, Demiguel Daniel, Almécija Sergio, Moyà-solà Salvador, Alba, David M.Abstract:We describe new specimens of the Miocene moschid Hispanomeryx, from the early Vallesian sites of Castell de Barberà (CB) and Ecoparc de Can Mata (ECM), Vallès-Penedès Basin, representing the first Iberian record of Hispanomeryx outside the inner Miocene basins. Fossils from ECM constitute Hispanomeryx lacetanus, sp. nov., the first Hispanomeryx to be described with a ‘Palaeomeryx fold (external postprotocristid).’ Fossils from CB constitute the first unambiguous record of Hispanomeryx aragonensis outside its type locality (La Ciesma-1B, Ebro Basin, Spain) and allow us to describe for the first time the upper molars of this species. Our phylogenetic analysis of Hispanomeryx places H. andrewsi from China as the sister group of a clade containing two European lineages. One of the latter places H. daamsi in a clade with the sister species H. duriensis and H. lacetanus, sp. nov., and the other groups together the two forms of H. aragonensis (type series from La Ciesma-1B plus the new material from CB). Emended diagnoses for the genus Hispanomeryx and all previously described species are presented. The new Hispanomeryx material from the Vallès-Penedès Basin constitutes the first unambiguous forest-dwelling Hispanomeryx ever recorded in Iberia, demonstrating that the previous lack of Hispanomeryx fossils in the Vallès-Penedès Basin was due to insufficient sampling rather than to paleoecological absence. It is therefore apparent that Hispanomeryx was as environmentally plastic as its relative Micromeryx, inhabiting similar habitats that varied from dry and open to humid and forested.This work was supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad) European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (CGL2015-68333-P, MINECO/FEDER-UE; CGL2016-76431-P; and CGL2016-76431-P, AEI/FEDER EU), the Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA Programme, 2017 SGR 86 GRC, and 2017 SGR 116 GRC), the Departament de Cultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya (field work grant 2014/100609), and the Leakey Foundation
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New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10–Mn 11) New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10–Mn 11)
'Society of Vertebrate Paleontology', 2009Co-Authors: Sánchez, Israel M., Domingo M. Soledad, Morales JorgeAbstract:New data on the last representatives of the Spanish Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) are presented and discussed. A new species of Micromeryx, Micromeryx soriae, is described on the basis of fossil material from the locality of La Roma-2 (upper Vallesian; MN 10, Teruel province, Spain, previously assigned to Micromeryx sp.), Batallones-1, and Batallones-10 (upper Vallesian; local zone J, MN 10, Madrid province, Spain). The new species is characterized by possessing relatively hypsodont lower molars of advanced morphology and a unique type of Palaeomeryx-fold. M. soriae gives insight to the last representatives of the genus, which achieved an overall lower molar morphology that mimics to certain degree that of Hispanomeryx. several characters of the upper molars of the Miocene moschids Micromeryx and Hispanomeryx are described that are useful for characterizing both genera. These characters are used to solve the taxonomic problems of PM-659, an upper molar from Puente Minero (MN 11, Teruel province, Spain) that represents one of the last survivors of the Moschidae in the Iberian Peninsula. The systematic utility of the upper molars of Hispanomeryx and Micromeryx is demonstrated, and the use of size as the only way to distinguish between the two genera is refuted. Finally, the study of the morphological characters of PM-659 clearly supports its generic change from Micromeryx sp. to Hispanomeryx sp., thus recording the presence of Hispanomeryx in the Iberian Peninsula as late as the lower Turolian.This study is part of the Spanish Government MICINN research projects CGL2006-01773/BTE, CGL-2005-03900 and CGL2004-00400/BTE, and is included in the Research Group CAM-UCM 910607.Peer reviewe