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Kazuyuki Kanosue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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JPFSM: Review Article Motor Imagery and sport performance
2020Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Hiroki Nakata, Yusuke Uchida, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:In the present review, how to measure Motor Imagery ability, brain activity during Motor Imagery, the benefits of Motor Imagery practice, and the influence of sensory inputs on Motor Imagery, are summarized. First, the classification of Motor Imagery is explained. Many methods have been utilized to evaluate Motor Imagery ability. For example, questionnaires, mental chronometry, and mental rotation tasks have been used in the psychological approach. Brain activity has been measured utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG). Some brain regions are activated Motor execution in both and Motor Imagery, including the supplementary Motor area (SMA), the preMotor cortex (PM) and the parietal cortex. Although Motor Imagery is done without movement or muscle contraction, sensory input from the periphery interacts with Motor Imagery. Brain activation during Imagery of an action, as assessed by TMS, is stronger when sensory inputs resemble those present during the actual execution of the action. Many studies have provided evidence of the effects of Motor Imagery practice on basic Motor skills and sport performance. Most elite athletes (70- 90%) report that they use Motor Imagery to improve performance, and professional players, as compared to amateurs, utilize Imagery practice more often. Many studies have confirmed that Motor Imagery practice can also be useful not only in sports, but also for improving performance in patient rehabilitation programs.
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Vividness and accuracy: Two independent aspects of Motor Imagery
Neuroscience Research, 2018Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Marina Suezawa, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:Abstract Motor Imagery is the mental execution of an action without any actual movement. Although numerous studies have utilized questionnaires to evaluate the vividness of Motor Imagery, it remains unclear whether it is related to the accuracy of Motor Imagery. To examine the relationship between vividness and accuracy, we investigated brain activity during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery, by using a novel sequential finger-tapping task. We estimated accuracy by measuring the fidelity of the actual performance and evaluated vividness by using a visual analog scale. We found that accuracy of visual Motor Imagery was correlated with the activity in the left visual cortex, as well as with bilateral sensoriMotor regions. In contrast, vividness of visual Motor Imagery was associated with the activity in the right orbitofrontal cortex. However, there was no correlation in the brain activity between the right orbitofrontal cortex and visuoMotor regions or between vividness and accuracy of Motor Imagery. In addition, we did not find any correlation in the kinesthetic Imagery condition. We conclude that vividness of visual Motor Imagery is associated with the right orbitofrontal cortex and is independent of processes occurring in sensoriMotor regions, which would be responsible for the accuracy of visual Motor Imagery.
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Task-dependent engagements of the primary visual cortex during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery.
Neuroscience Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Maiko Nakamura, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:Motor Imagery can be divided into kinesthetic and visual aspects. In the present study, we investigated excitability in the corticospinal tract and primary visual cortex (V1) during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery. To accomplish this, we measured Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and probability of phosphene occurrence during the two types of Motor imageries of finger tapping. The MEPs and phosphenes were induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation to the primary Motor cortex and V1, respectively. The amplitudes of MEPs and probability of phosphene occurrence during Motor Imagery were normalized based on the values obtained at rest. Corticospinal excitability increased during both kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery, while excitability in V1 was increased only during visual Motor Imagery. These results imply that modulation of cortical excitability during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery is task dependent. The present finding aids in the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying Motor Imagery and provides useful information for the use of Motor Imagery in rehabilitation or Motor Imagery training.
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Motor Imagery beyond the Motor repertoire: Activity in the primary visual cortex during kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole body movements.
Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Hiroki Nakata, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:To elucidate the neural substrate associated with capabilities for kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole-body movements, we measured brain activity during a trial involving both kinesthetic Motor Imagery and action observation as well as during a trial with action observation alone. Brain activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen participants imagined three types of whole-body movements with the horizontal bar: the giant swing, kip, and chin-up during action observation. No participant had previously tried to perform the giant swing. The vividness of kinesthetic Motor Imagery as assessed by questionnaire was highest for the chin-up, less for the kip and lowest for the giant swing. Activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) during kinesthetic Motor Imagery with action observation minus that during action observation alone was significantly greater in the giant swing condition than in the chin-up condition within participants. Across participants, V1 activity of kinesthetic Motor Imagery of the kip during action observation minus that during action observation alone was negatively correlated with vividness of the kip Imagery. These results suggest that activity in V1 is dependent upon the capability of kinesthetic Motor Imagery for difficult whole-body movements. Since V1 activity is likely related to the creation of a visual image, we speculate that visual Motor Imagery is recruited unintentionally for the less vivid kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole-body movements.
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The effect of somatosensory input on Motor Imagery depends upon Motor Imagery capability
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Hiroki Nakata, Takahiro Yamagishi, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:We investigated that the relationship between Motor Imagery ability and the effect of tactile input associated with holding a tennis racket on Motor Imagery of the forehand and backhand swings. The effect was assessed by the time utilized for Motor Imagery (mental chronometry). Seventeen tennis players imagined forehand and backhand swings with a forehand grip, a backhand grip or while holding nothing. In all cases, imaging the swings took longer than the time taken for a real swing. For Imagery of the backhand swing, holding a racket with a backhand grip decreased the imaging time (p < 0.05) as compared to the trials with a forehand grip or while holding nothing. On the other hand, holding the racket with a backhand grip tended to increase the time required for forehand swing Imagery. These results suggest that a congruent grip improves, and an incongruent grip deteriorates, Motor Imagery of the backhand swing. For players who took a longer time in the condition where they held nothing (i.e. poor imaging ability), the effect of a congruent backhand grip was greater (r = 0.67, p
Nobuaki Mizuguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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JPFSM: Review Article Motor Imagery and sport performance
2020Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Hiroki Nakata, Yusuke Uchida, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:In the present review, how to measure Motor Imagery ability, brain activity during Motor Imagery, the benefits of Motor Imagery practice, and the influence of sensory inputs on Motor Imagery, are summarized. First, the classification of Motor Imagery is explained. Many methods have been utilized to evaluate Motor Imagery ability. For example, questionnaires, mental chronometry, and mental rotation tasks have been used in the psychological approach. Brain activity has been measured utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG). Some brain regions are activated Motor execution in both and Motor Imagery, including the supplementary Motor area (SMA), the preMotor cortex (PM) and the parietal cortex. Although Motor Imagery is done without movement or muscle contraction, sensory input from the periphery interacts with Motor Imagery. Brain activation during Imagery of an action, as assessed by TMS, is stronger when sensory inputs resemble those present during the actual execution of the action. Many studies have provided evidence of the effects of Motor Imagery practice on basic Motor skills and sport performance. Most elite athletes (70- 90%) report that they use Motor Imagery to improve performance, and professional players, as compared to amateurs, utilize Imagery practice more often. Many studies have confirmed that Motor Imagery practice can also be useful not only in sports, but also for improving performance in patient rehabilitation programs.
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Vividness and accuracy: Two independent aspects of Motor Imagery
Neuroscience Research, 2018Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Marina Suezawa, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:Abstract Motor Imagery is the mental execution of an action without any actual movement. Although numerous studies have utilized questionnaires to evaluate the vividness of Motor Imagery, it remains unclear whether it is related to the accuracy of Motor Imagery. To examine the relationship between vividness and accuracy, we investigated brain activity during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery, by using a novel sequential finger-tapping task. We estimated accuracy by measuring the fidelity of the actual performance and evaluated vividness by using a visual analog scale. We found that accuracy of visual Motor Imagery was correlated with the activity in the left visual cortex, as well as with bilateral sensoriMotor regions. In contrast, vividness of visual Motor Imagery was associated with the activity in the right orbitofrontal cortex. However, there was no correlation in the brain activity between the right orbitofrontal cortex and visuoMotor regions or between vividness and accuracy of Motor Imagery. In addition, we did not find any correlation in the kinesthetic Imagery condition. We conclude that vividness of visual Motor Imagery is associated with the right orbitofrontal cortex and is independent of processes occurring in sensoriMotor regions, which would be responsible for the accuracy of visual Motor Imagery.
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Task-dependent engagements of the primary visual cortex during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery.
Neuroscience Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Maiko Nakamura, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:Motor Imagery can be divided into kinesthetic and visual aspects. In the present study, we investigated excitability in the corticospinal tract and primary visual cortex (V1) during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery. To accomplish this, we measured Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and probability of phosphene occurrence during the two types of Motor imageries of finger tapping. The MEPs and phosphenes were induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation to the primary Motor cortex and V1, respectively. The amplitudes of MEPs and probability of phosphene occurrence during Motor Imagery were normalized based on the values obtained at rest. Corticospinal excitability increased during both kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery, while excitability in V1 was increased only during visual Motor Imagery. These results imply that modulation of cortical excitability during kinesthetic and visual Motor Imagery is task dependent. The present finding aids in the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying Motor Imagery and provides useful information for the use of Motor Imagery in rehabilitation or Motor Imagery training.
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Brain Activity During Motor Imagery
Sports Performance, 2016Co-Authors: Nobuaki MizuguchiAbstract:Motor Imagery practice is useful for the acquisition of Motor skills. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Motor Imagery is important not only for effective Motor Imagery practice but also for understanding the basic mechanisms involved with Motor control. It is well documented that brain activity during Motor Imagery is similar to that which occurs during normal Motor execution. This similarity supports the finding that Motor skills can be acquired via Motor Imagery training. In this chapter, I will summarize available information on the brain activity that occurs during Motor Imagery.
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Motor Imagery beyond the Motor repertoire: Activity in the primary visual cortex during kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole body movements.
Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Nobuaki Mizuguchi, Hiroki Nakata, Kazuyuki KanosueAbstract:To elucidate the neural substrate associated with capabilities for kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole-body movements, we measured brain activity during a trial involving both kinesthetic Motor Imagery and action observation as well as during a trial with action observation alone. Brain activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen participants imagined three types of whole-body movements with the horizontal bar: the giant swing, kip, and chin-up during action observation. No participant had previously tried to perform the giant swing. The vividness of kinesthetic Motor Imagery as assessed by questionnaire was highest for the chin-up, less for the kip and lowest for the giant swing. Activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) during kinesthetic Motor Imagery with action observation minus that during action observation alone was significantly greater in the giant swing condition than in the chin-up condition within participants. Across participants, V1 activity of kinesthetic Motor Imagery of the kip during action observation minus that during action observation alone was negatively correlated with vividness of the kip Imagery. These results suggest that activity in V1 is dependent upon the capability of kinesthetic Motor Imagery for difficult whole-body movements. Since V1 activity is likely related to the creation of a visual image, we speculate that visual Motor Imagery is recruited unintentionally for the less vivid kinesthetic Motor Imagery of difficult whole-body movements.
Dong Ming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Related and Opposite Motor Imagery Study for Stroke Rehabilitation
IFMBE Proceedings, 2020Co-Authors: Lan Ma, Dong Ming, Lu Wang, Hongzhi Qi, Lixin ZhangAbstract:Stroke patients have difficulties in the functional recovery. The searching of optimal stroke rehabilitation way is one of the most challenging subjects. Motor Imagery therapy is helpful for the patients after stroke. This paper researches on which Motor Imagery mode is better for stroke rehabilitation by measuring their Motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Ten subjects are involved in this study. As a result, impossible movement has a bigger MEP than possible movement and there is a comparable effect between related Motor Imagery and opposite Motor Imagery. This work is significant for instructing the rehabilitation of stroke patients.
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Research advancements of Motor Imagery for Motor function recovery after stroke
Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Minpeng Xu, Dong MingAbstract:: Neurological damage caused by stroke is one of the main causes of Motor dysfunction in patients, which brings great spiritual and economic burdens for society and families. Motor Imagery is an important assisting method for the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, which is easy to learn with low cost and has great significance in improving the Motor function and the quality of patient's life. This paper mainly summarizes the positive effects of Motor Imagery on post-stroke rehabilitation, outlines the physiological performance and theoretical model of Motor Imagery, the influencing factors of Motor Imagery, the scoring criteria of Motor Imagery and analyzes the shortcomings such as the few kinds of experimental subject, the subjective evaluation method and the low resolution of the experimental equipment in the process of rehabilitation of Motor function in post-stroke patients. It is hopeful that patients with stroke will be more scientifically and effectively using Motor Imagery therapy.
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EMBC - Evaluation and comparison of effective connectivity during simple and compound limb Motor Imagery.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and, 2014Co-Authors: Weibo Yi, Hongzhi Qi, Lixin Zhang, Kun Wang, Xiaolin Xiao, Feng He, Xin Zhao, Peng Zhou, Dong MingAbstract:: Motor Imagery (MI) has been demonstrated beneficial in Motor rehabilitation in patients with movement disorders. In contrast with simple limb Motor Imagery, less work was reported about the effective connectivity networks of compound limb Motor Imagery which involves several parts of limbs. This work aimed to investigate the differences of information flow patterns between simple limb Motor Imagery and compound limb Motor Imagery. Ten subjects participated in the experiment involving three tasks of simple limb Motor Imagery (left hand, right hand, feet) and three tasks of compound limb Motor Imagery (both hands, left hand combined with right foot, right hand combined with left foot). The causal interactions among different neural regions were evaluated by Short-time Directed Transfer Function (SDTF). Quite different from the networks of simple limb Motor Imagery, more effective interactions overlying larger brain regions were observed during compound limb Motor Imagery. These results imply that there exist significant differences in the patterns of EEG activity flow between simple limb Motor Imagery and compound limb Motor Imagery, which present more complex networks and could be utilized in Motor rehabilitation for more benefit in patients with movement disorders.
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eeg feature comparison and classification of simple and compound limb Motor Imagery
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 2013Co-Authors: Weibo Yi, Lixin Zhang, Hongzhi Qi, Dong MingAbstract:Motor Imagery can elicit brain oscillations in Rolandic mu rhythm and central beta rhythm, both originating in the sensoriMotor cortex. In contrast with simple limb Motor Imagery, less work was reported about compound limb Motor Imagery which involves several parts of limbs. The goal of this study was to investigate the differences of the EEG patterns between simple limb Motor Imagery and compound limb Motor Imagery, and discuss the separability of multiple types of mental tasks. Ten subjects participated in the experiment involving three tasks of simple limb Motor Imagery (left hand, right hand, feet), three tasks of compound limb Motor Imagery (both hands, left hand combined with right foot, right hand combined with left foot) and rest state. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), power spectral entropy (PSE) and spatial distribution coefficient were adopted to analyze these seven EEG patterns. Then three algorithms of modified multi-class common spatial patterns (CSP) were used for feature extraction and classification was implemented by support vector machine (SVM). The induced event-related desynchronization (ERD) affects more components within both alpha and beta bands resulting in more broad ERD bands at electrode positions C3, Cz and C4 during left/right hand combined with contralateral foot Imagery, whose PSE values are significant higher than that of simple limb Motor Imagery. From the topographical distribution, simultaneous imagination of upper limb and contralateral lower limb certainly contributes to the activation of more areas on cerebral cortex. Classification result shows that multi-class stationary Tikhonov regularized CSP (Multi-sTRCSP) outperforms other two multi-class CSP methods, with the highest accuracy of 84% and mean accuracy of 70%. The work implies that there exist the separable differences between simple limb Motor Imagery and compound limb Motor Imagery, which can be utilized to build a multimodal classification paradigm in Motor Imagery based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems.
Junichi Ushiyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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subjective vividness of kinesthetic Motor Imagery is associated with the similarity in magnitude of sensoriMotor event related desynchronization between Motor execution and Motor Imagery
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Hisato Toriyama, Junichi Ushiba, Junichi UshiyamaAbstract:In the field of psychology, it has been well established that there are two types of Motor Imagery such as kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) and visual Motor Imagery (VMI), and the subjective evaluation for vividness of Motor Imagery each differs across individuals. This study aimed to examine how the Motor Imagery ability assessed by the psychological scores is associated with the physiological measure using electroencephalogram (EEG) sensoriMotor rhythm during KMI task. First, 20 healthy young individuals evaluated subjectively how vividly they can perform each of KMI and VMI by using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). We assessed their Motor Imagery abilities by summing each of KMI and VMI scores in KVIQ (KMItotal and VMItotal). Second, in physiological experiments, they repeated two strengths (10% and 40% of maximal effort) of isometric voluntary wrist-dorsiflexion. Right after each contraction, they also performed its KMI. The scalp EEGs over the sensoriMotor cortex were recorded during the tasks. The EEG power is known to decrease in the alpha-and-beta band (7-35Hz) from resting state to performing state of voluntary contraction or Motor Imagery. This phenomenon is referred to as event-related desynchronization (ERD). For each strength of the tasks, we calculated the maximal peak of ERD during voluntary contraction and that during its KMI, and measured the degree of similarity (ERDsim) between them. The results showed significant negative correlations between KMItotal and ERDsim for both strengths (p<0.05) (i.e., the higher the KMItotal, the smaller the (ERDsim). These findings suggest that in healthy individuals with higher Motor Imagery ability from a first-person perspective, KMI efficiently engages the shared cortical circuits corresponding with Motor execution, including the sensoriMotor cortex, with high compliance.
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Subjective vividness of kinesthetic Motor Imagery is associated with the similarity in magnitude of sensoriMotor event-related desynchronization between Motor execution and Motor Imagery
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Hisato Toriyama, Junichi Ushiba, Junichi UshiyamaAbstract:In the field of psychology, it has been well established that there are two types of Motor Imagery such as kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) and visual Motor Imagery (VMI), and the subjective evaluation for vividness of Motor Imagery each differs across individuals. This study aimed to examine how the Motor Imagery ability assessed by the psychological scores is associated with the physiological measure using electroencephalogram (EEG) sensoriMotor rhythm during KMI task. First, 20 healthy young individuals evaluated subjectively how vividly they can perform each of KMI and VMI by using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). We assessed their Motor Imagery abilities by summing each of KMI and VMI scores in KVIQ (KMItotal and VMItotal). Second, in physiological experiments, they repeated two strengths (10% and 40% of maximal effort) of isometric voluntary wrist-dorsiflexion. Right after each contraction, they also performed its KMI. The scalp EEGs over the sensoriMotor cortex were recorded during the tasks. The EEG power is known to decrease in the alpha-and-beta band (7-35Hz) from resting state to performing state of voluntary contraction or Motor Imagery. This phenomenon is referred to as event-related desynchronization (ERD). For each strength of the tasks, we calculated the maximal peak of ERD during voluntary contraction and that during its KMI, and measured the degree of similarity (ERDsim) between them. The results showed significant negative correlations between KMItotal and ERDsim for both strengths (p
Nikhil Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Motor Imagery after stroke: where next?
Imaging in Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Nikhil SharmaAbstract:There is considerable interest in using Motor Imagery to improve recovery after stroke. While Motor Imagery has a strong neuroscientific rationale, there are significant obstacles to its use and gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed. Together these may explain the inconsistent results seen in recent randomized placebo-controlled trials of Motor Imagery training in stroke patients. The first section of this article discusses why assessment of Motor Imagery ability is crucial when applying Motor Imagery to stroke patients. Then in the context of current models of recovery after stroke, the second section highlights gaps in the neuroscientific rationale behind the use of Motor Imagery training. The third section explores the recent randomized trials of Motor Imagery training in stroke patients and discusses why the findings are inconsistent. Finally, I propose future areas of research that may prove fruitful and will allow Motor Imagery to fulfill its potential.
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Motor Imagery a backdoor to the Motor system after stroke
Stroke, 2006Co-Authors: Nikhil Sharma, Valerie M Pomeroy, Jeanclaude BaronAbstract:Background and Purpose— Understanding brain plasticity after stroke is important in developing rehabilitation strategies. Active movement therapies show considerable promise but depend on Motor performance, excluding many otherwise eligible patients. Motor Imagery is widely used in sport to improve performance, which raises the possibility of applying it both as a rehabilitation method and to access the Motor network independently of recovery. Specifically, whether the primary Motor cortex (M1), considered a prime target of poststroke rehabilitation, is involved in Motor Imagery is unresolved. Summary of Review— We review methodological considerations when applying Motor Imagery to healthy subjects and in patients with stroke, which may disrupt the Motor Imagery network. We then review firstly the Motor Imagery training literature focusing on upper-limb recovery, and secondly the functional imaging literature in healthy subjects and in patients with stroke. Conclusions— The review highlights the difficulty in addressing cognitive screening and compliance in Motor Imagery studies, particularly with regards to patients with stroke. Despite this, the literature suggests the encouraging effect of Motor Imagery training on Motor recovery after stroke. Based on the available literature in healthy volunteers, robust activation of the nonprimary Motor structures, but only weak and inconsistent activation of M1, occurs during Motor Imagery. In patients with stroke, the cortical activation patterns are essentially unexplored as is the underlying mechanism of Motor Imagery training. Provided appropriate methodology is implemented, Motor Imagery may provide a valuable tool to access the Motor network and improve outcome after stroke.
