The Experts below are selected from a list of 1242 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Naci H Mocan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carrots sticks and broken windows
    The Journal of Law and Economics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Naci H Mocan
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the impact of economics conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary and Motor Vehicle Theft in New York City, using monthly time-series data spanning 1974-1999. Carrots are measured by the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by felony arrests, police force and New York City residents in prison. In addition, the paper tests the validity of the 'broken windows' hypothesis, where misdemeanor arrests are used as a measure of broken windows policing. The broken windows hypothesis has validity in case of robbery and Motor Vehicle Theft. The models explain between 33 and 86 percent of the observed decline in these crimes between 1990 and 1999. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of deterrence measures is larger than those of economic variables.

  • Carrots, Sticks and Broken Windows
    The Journal of Law and Economics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Naci H Mocan
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper investigates the effect of economic conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary, Motor Vehicle Theft, grand larceny, and rape in New York City, using monthly time‐series data spanning 1974–99. Carrots are measured by the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by the number of felony arrests, size of the police force, and number of New York City residents in prison. In addition, the paper tests the validity of the “broken windows” hypothesis. Consistent with its implementation by the New York Police Department, we use misdemeanor arrests as a measure of broken‐windows policing. The broken‐windows hypothesis has validity in the case of robbery, Motor Vehicle Theft, and grand larceny. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of deterrence measures is larger than those of economic variables.

Gabriel Rodríguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The unemployment rate, unemployment volatility, and crime
    International Journal of Social Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Hamed Pourtaghi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Purpose - The paper aims to study the effect of the unemployment rate and its volatility on crime in the USA. It proposes that not only the unemployment rate, but also its volatility affect the crime. Design/methodology/approach - First, the volatility of the unemployment rate is calculated using ARCH models. Next, using the results from the first stage the ARDL approach to cointegration is used to examine the link between the unemployment rate and its volatility on the crime. Findings - The cointegrated or long-run relationships are found only for burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft. The results indicate that the unemployment rate has a significant effect on burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft only in the short run and the unemployment volatility has a negative effect on Motor-Vehicle Theft regardless of time span. However, it has a positive effect on burglary in the short run and no effect in the long run. Originality/value - The effect of unemployment rate on crime is documented in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that emphasizes the importance of unemployment rate volatility on the crime.

  • The unemployment rate, unemployment volatility, and crime
    International Journal of Social Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Hamed Pourtaghi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Purpose – The paper aims to study the effect of the unemployment rate and its volatility on crime in the USA. It proposes that not only the unemployment rate, but also its volatility affect the crime.Design/methodology/approach – First, the volatility of the unemployment rate is calculated using ARCH models. Next, using the results from the first stage the ARDL approach to cointegration is used to examine the link between the unemployment rate and its volatility on the crime.Findings – The cointegrated or long‐run relationships are found only for burglary and Motor‐Vehicle Theft. The results indicate that the unemployment rate has a significant effect on burglary and Motor‐Vehicle Theft only in the short run and the unemployment volatility has a negative effect on Motor‐Vehicle Theft regardless of time span. However, it has a positive effect on burglary in the short run and no effect in the long run.Originality/value – The effect of unemployment rate on crime is documented in the literature. However, to t...

  • Is there a link between unemployment and criminality in the us economy? Further evidence
    Research Papers in Economics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Using Markov-Switching models, this paper studies the existence of a relationship between the unemployment rate and four different types of crimes in the U.S. economy. After it, using the non-parametric Concordance Index of Harding and Pagan (2002, 2006), the correlation between the cycles of unemployment rate and crime variables is determined. Results confirm that there is no significant relationship between the unemployment rate, burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft. However, the unemployment rate has a significant relationship with robbery and larceny. The contemporaneous relationship is positive for robbery and negative for larceny. However, it turns to be positive between the lagged values of the unemployment rate and larceny.

Ralph B. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Community structural predictors of spatially aggregated Motor Vehicle Theft rates: Do they replicate?
    Journal of Criminal Justice, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey A. Walsh, Ralph B. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Community-level Motor Vehicle Theft (MVT) is not spatially random but is influenced by the structural composition of the community. Work to date did not provide a clear picture of the structural correlates of community-level MVT rates for two reasons. Cross-sectional studies had been limited to a single point in time (one wave design). In addition, studies had not adequately controlled for MVT rates in adjoining communities (spatially autocorrelated rates). The current study addressed these limitations. Drawing on structural correlates highlighted by factorial ecology and past work on Motor Vehicle Theft, it anticipated cross-sectional connections between status, stability, age composition, and racial heterogeneity. It sought to learn if these connections persisted at two points in time spanning a decade. Census block group data from a midwestern city were merged with geocoded Vehicle Theft data, and a comprehensive spatial lag variable was constructed (Land & Deane, 1992). At both points in time, communities with higher MVT rates had lower socioeconomic status, and were surrounded by other communities with higher MVT rates. Community processes driving the connection between status and Vehicle Theft were suggested. The strong spatial dependency of MVT rates suggests attributes, events, or longer-term trends located in a section of a city may be affecting the communities located there. Issues for prevention were addressed.

  • Predicting Decade-Long Changes in Community Motor Vehicle Theft Rates Impacts of Structure and Surround
    Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey A. Walsh, Ralph B. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Motor Vehicle Theft (MVT) is arguably the most underresearched Part I crime. This work predicts long-term changes in community MVT rates, extrapolating from earlier work in community fabric and changing personal crime and delinquency rates and cross-sectional work on MVT. Police data on MVTs generated MVT rates in one Midwestern city in 1990-1991 and 2000-2001 that were linked with census block group data. MVT rates went up later in communities more racially mixed initially and in those surrounded by initially higher MVT rates, suggesting extant community structure and surrounding crime generate subsequently unfolding impacts on MVT. A second series of models links changing MVT rates with contemporaneously increasing racial heterogeneity, decreasing community instability, and increasing surrounding MVT rates. Some associations between community structure and changing delinquency or crime appear relevant to shifting MVT rates. Resident-based, target-linked, and offender-dependent processes to be investigat...

Hope Corman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • carrots sticks and broken windows
    The Journal of Law and Economics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Naci H Mocan
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the impact of economics conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary and Motor Vehicle Theft in New York City, using monthly time-series data spanning 1974-1999. Carrots are measured by the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by felony arrests, police force and New York City residents in prison. In addition, the paper tests the validity of the 'broken windows' hypothesis, where misdemeanor arrests are used as a measure of broken windows policing. The broken windows hypothesis has validity in case of robbery and Motor Vehicle Theft. The models explain between 33 and 86 percent of the observed decline in these crimes between 1990 and 1999. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of deterrence measures is larger than those of economic variables.

  • Carrots, Sticks and Broken Windows
    The Journal of Law and Economics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Hope Corman, Naci H Mocan
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper investigates the effect of economic conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary, Motor Vehicle Theft, grand larceny, and rape in New York City, using monthly time‐series data spanning 1974–99. Carrots are measured by the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by the number of felony arrests, size of the police force, and number of New York City residents in prison. In addition, the paper tests the validity of the “broken windows” hypothesis. Consistent with its implementation by the New York Police Department, we use misdemeanor arrests as a measure of broken‐windows policing. The broken‐windows hypothesis has validity in the case of robbery, Motor Vehicle Theft, and grand larceny. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of deterrence measures is larger than those of economic variables.

Firouz Fallahi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The unemployment rate, unemployment volatility, and crime
    International Journal of Social Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Hamed Pourtaghi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Purpose - The paper aims to study the effect of the unemployment rate and its volatility on crime in the USA. It proposes that not only the unemployment rate, but also its volatility affect the crime. Design/methodology/approach - First, the volatility of the unemployment rate is calculated using ARCH models. Next, using the results from the first stage the ARDL approach to cointegration is used to examine the link between the unemployment rate and its volatility on the crime. Findings - The cointegrated or long-run relationships are found only for burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft. The results indicate that the unemployment rate has a significant effect on burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft only in the short run and the unemployment volatility has a negative effect on Motor-Vehicle Theft regardless of time span. However, it has a positive effect on burglary in the short run and no effect in the long run. Originality/value - The effect of unemployment rate on crime is documented in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that emphasizes the importance of unemployment rate volatility on the crime.

  • The unemployment rate, unemployment volatility, and crime
    International Journal of Social Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Hamed Pourtaghi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Purpose – The paper aims to study the effect of the unemployment rate and its volatility on crime in the USA. It proposes that not only the unemployment rate, but also its volatility affect the crime.Design/methodology/approach – First, the volatility of the unemployment rate is calculated using ARCH models. Next, using the results from the first stage the ARDL approach to cointegration is used to examine the link between the unemployment rate and its volatility on the crime.Findings – The cointegrated or long‐run relationships are found only for burglary and Motor‐Vehicle Theft. The results indicate that the unemployment rate has a significant effect on burglary and Motor‐Vehicle Theft only in the short run and the unemployment volatility has a negative effect on Motor‐Vehicle Theft regardless of time span. However, it has a positive effect on burglary in the short run and no effect in the long run.Originality/value – The effect of unemployment rate on crime is documented in the literature. However, to t...

  • Is there a link between unemployment and criminality in the us economy? Further evidence
    Research Papers in Economics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Firouz Fallahi, Gabriel Rodríguez
    Abstract:

    Using Markov-Switching models, this paper studies the existence of a relationship between the unemployment rate and four different types of crimes in the U.S. economy. After it, using the non-parametric Concordance Index of Harding and Pagan (2002, 2006), the correlation between the cycles of unemployment rate and crime variables is determined. Results confirm that there is no significant relationship between the unemployment rate, burglary and Motor-Vehicle Theft. However, the unemployment rate has a significant relationship with robbery and larceny. The contemporaneous relationship is positive for robbery and negative for larceny. However, it turns to be positive between the lagged values of the unemployment rate and larceny.