The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Michele Fratianni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • expanding rtas trade flows and the Multinational Enterprise
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michele Fratianni
    Abstract:

    We test the relationship between the size of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and openness by using a gravity equation with multilateral trade factors. Our sample includes 11 RTAs, seven with constant membership and four with expanding membership. Regional trade bias declines with the size of the club; three of the four expanding RTAs have already surpassed their “optimal” size. We also explore the link between openness of the RTA and the geographic strategy of the Multinational Enterprise. We find strong evidence in favor of the regionalization strategy, which has been enhanced by the presence of RTAs.

  • expanding rtas trade flows and the Multinational Enterprise
    2008
    Co-Authors: Michele Fratianni
    Abstract:

    We test the relationship between the size of regional trade agreements (RTA) and openness by using a gravity equation with multilateral trade factors. Our sample includes eleven RTAs, seven with constant membership and four with expanding membership. Regional trade bias declines with the size of the club; three of the four expanding RTAs have already surpassed their ‘optimal’ size. We also explore the link between openness of the RTA and the geographic strategy of the Multinational Enterprise. We find strong evidence in favor of the regionalization strategy, which has been enhanced by the presence of RTAs.

Alain Verbeke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Procedural Justice, Not Absorptive Capacity, Matters in Multinational Enterprise ICT Transfers
    Management International Review, 2013
    Co-Authors: Alain Verbeke, Vernon Bachor, Brenda Nguyen
    Abstract:

    This paper empirically tests the effectiveness of information and communications technology (ICT) knowledge transfer and adoption in the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) as an issue of critical importance to contemporary MNE functioning. In contrast to mainstream thinking on absorptive capacity, but in line with prevailing international business theory, our research supports the proposition that perceptions of procedural justice, rather than absorptive capacity, determine effectiveness, especially in cases of high tacit knowledge transfers. Data was collected from senior ICT representatives in 86 Canadian subsidiaries of foreign owned MNEs. Each of these subsidiaries recently experienced a significant ICT transfer imposed by the parent organization. Support was found for the main propositions: Procedural justice significantly predicted successful ICT transfer and adoption, while absorptive capacity was not significant. These findings are consistent even when knowledge tacitness was high. The perceived success of the ICT transfer as well as its adoption varied widely across these firms. The potential reasons for this divergence in effectiveness are manifold, but our findings suggest that in situations of substantial knowledge tacitness, a higher level of procedural justice, rather than a higher level of absorptive capacity, is critical to effective transfer and adoption.

  • re conceptualizing bartlett and ghoshal s classification of national subsidiary roles in the Multinational Enterprise
    Journal of Management Studies, 2011
    Co-Authors: Alan M. Rugman, Alain Verbeke, Wenlong Yuan
    Abstract:

    We re-conceptualize the Bartlett and Ghoshal typology of national subsidiary roles in the Multinational Enterprise (MNE), using a resource bundling perspective. Our view is that national subsidiary roles can vary dramatically across value chain activities. We focus on the distinction among innovation, production, sales, and administrative support activities. For each value chain activity, the subsidiary bundles sets of internal competences with accessible, external location advantages. We also address the effects of regional integration on national subsidiary roles. Such schemes may affect substantially the extent to which location advantages of individual countries can be accessed and bundled with internal competences, thereby typically altering some national subsidiaries' roles in specific value chain activities. However, such substantive changes in specific value chain activities performed by national subsidiaries do not necessarily lead to any move in conventional subsidiary role typologies, such as the Bartlett and Ghoshal one, since these typologies only acknowledge aggregate subsidiary role changes, supposedly valid for the entire value chain.

  • Internalization, International Diversification and the Multinational Enterprise
    2005
    Co-Authors: Alain Verbeke
    Abstract:

    Includes a synthesis of advances in the theory of the Multinational Enterprise, with a focus on internalization and international diversification issues. This research volume proposes important extensions of Multinational Enterprise theory, especially as regards the importance of geography to Multinational strategy.

  • Extending the theory of the Multinational Enterprise: internalization and strategic management perspectives
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2003
    Co-Authors: Alan M. Rugman, Alain Verbeke
    Abstract:

    This paper assesses the continued relevance of Buckley and Casson's (1976) book on The Future of the Multinational Enterprise (MNE), against a background of increasing criticism of transaction-cost-related scholarly work. We demonstrate that the ‘schism’ that can currently be observed in the field between international business and international management is misguided, as the transaction cost/internalization school may offer useful insights to both management scholars and managers. For this to occur, however, it is necessary first to extend the empirical scope of transaction-cost-based reasoning to include the functioning of differentiated network MNEs. The paper suggests that Buckley and Casson's book still represents a beacon of clarity and a superb starting point for the study of the MNE, even if the complexity of this governance structure has grown far beyond what any international business scholar or even international management scholar could have predicted 25 years ago.

Peter J Buckley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • forty years of internalisation theory and the Multinational Enterprise
    The Multinational Business Review, 2014
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley
    Abstract:

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the key analytical principles of internalisation theory as a general theory of the Multinational Enterprise (MNE). It illustrates the vitality, relevance and flexibility of the approach in explaining the continued evolution of the MNE. As a grounded social science theory, it provides, in combination with history and economic geography, satisfying and novel explanations of the key phenomena of the modern globalising economy. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the origins and principles of internalisation theory as the foundation theory of the MNE. It considers internalisation theory in the context of current and mainstream theories and concepts in the field of international business. Findings – Internalisation theory is equally valid for the MNEs of yesteryear as it is for those today. The theory continues to have strong explanatory power for MNE activity. Current research areas, such as multiple embeddedness, fine-slicing of the value chain, ...

  • is competitive advantage a necessary condition for the emergence of the Multinational Enterprise
    Global Strategy Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Niron Hashai, Peter J Buckley
    Abstract:

    This article challenges the view that competitive advantage is a necessary condition for the emergence of the Multinational Enterprise. It formally derives the conditions under which Multinational Enterprises may emerge without possessing a competitive advantage vis-a-vis their rivals. This counterintuitive argument is based on three insights: (1) the ability of a larger number of disadvantaged home country entrepreneurs to enroll workers in the host country more efficiently than a smaller number of advantaged host country entrepreneurs; (2) asymmetric liability of foreignness for home and host country entrepreneurs; and (3) the ability of location and internalization advantages to substitute for ownership advantage.

  • is competitive advantage a necessary condition for the emergence of the Multinational Enterprise
    2013
    Co-Authors: Niron Hashai, Peter J Buckley
    Abstract:

    The paper challenges the view that competitive advantage is a necessary condition for the emergence of the Multinational Enterprise. It formally derives the conditions under which Multinational Enterprises may emerge without possessing a competitive advantage vis-a-vis their rivals. This counter-intuitive argument is based on three insights: (1) the ability of a larger number of disadvantaged home-country entrepreneurs to enroll workers in the host country more efficiently than a smaller number of advantaged host country entrepreneurs; (2) asymmetric liability of foreignness for home- and host-country entrepreneurs; and (3) the ability of location and internalization advantages to substitute for ownership advantage.

  • The internalisation theory of the Multinational Enterprise: A review of the progress of a research agenda after 30 years
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2009
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark C Casson
    Abstract:

    This paper reviews the progress of the research agenda initiated by The Future of the Multinational Enterprise (1976). Focusing initially on the problem of explaining the existence of the Multinational Enterprise, the agenda soon broadened to encompass the analysis of alternative modes of foreign market entry, the role of international joint ventures, the impact of innovation on corporate growth, and the role of culture in international business. The core philosophy – based on the Coasian nature of the firm and on rational action modelling – has remained constant, while the widening range of applications has encouraged synthesis with theories developed in other fields of research. Success in answering any one question invariably generates new questions, which must in turn be answered through a further extension of the theory, and this dynamic continues to drive the development of the theory today. Internalisation theory has retained its validity and its vitality over the past 30 years, and is currently being extended into new fields of international business research.

  • The Multinational Enterprise Revisited: The Essential Buckley and Casson
    2009
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    The Future of the Multinational Enterprise After 30 Years - the Continued Relevance of the Book The Optimal Timing of a Foreign Direct Investment A Theory of Cooperation in International Business Multinational Enterprises in Less Developed Countries: Cultural and Economic Interactions Organising for Innovation: The Multinational Enterprise in the Twenty-First Century An Economic Model of International Joint Ventures Models of the Multinational Enterprise Analysing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internalisation Approach The Moral Basis of Global Capitalism: Beyond the Eclectic Theory Strategic Complexity in International Business Edith Penrose's Theory of the Growth of the Firm and the Strategic Management of Multinational Enterprises.

Mark Casson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Multinational Enterprise: Theory and History
    2018
    Co-Authors: Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    A state-of the -art review of progress in theories of the Multinational Enterprise, which extends the internalisation theory of the Multinational to the systems level. In presents highlights from the author's research output over the past ten years.

  • The Multinational Enterprise Revisited: The Essential Buckley and Casson
    2009
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    The Future of the Multinational Enterprise After 30 Years - the Continued Relevance of the Book The Optimal Timing of a Foreign Direct Investment A Theory of Cooperation in International Business Multinational Enterprises in Less Developed Countries: Cultural and Economic Interactions Organising for Innovation: The Multinational Enterprise in the Twenty-First Century An Economic Model of International Joint Ventures Models of the Multinational Enterprise Analysing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internalisation Approach The Moral Basis of Global Capitalism: Beyond the Eclectic Theory Strategic Complexity in International Business Edith Penrose's Theory of the Growth of the Firm and the Strategic Management of Multinational Enterprises.

  • the future of the Multinational Enterprise in retrospect and in prospect
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2003
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    We are sometimes asked how The Future of the Multinational Enterprise came to be written, and whether we think that a similar book could be written today. It is always difficult to be objective about your own work, but we doubt that a similar book could appear today. This is not because there is a dearth of talent, or because all the important issues have been resolved. It is simply that the academic environment in which research in international businesses is carried out has fundamentally changed. Political salience. The Future was written at a time of great debates in international political economy. Multinationals stood accused of global hegemony. There were strident calls for the ‘American challenge’ to European industry to be repelled (Servan-Schreiber, 1968). Foreign investment in Third World countries was leading to ‘uneven development’. Technology was overpriced. A conspiracy of oligopolistic firms was holding consumers and workers to ransom. What nonsense, you might say. But the United Nations took it seriously enough, and set up a Committee of Eminent Persons to consider a possible code of conduct for Multinationals – a process that led to the formation of the UN Centre on Transnational Corporations. In this heady atmosphere, separating fact from fiction was crucial. A lot of good statistical work was being done – indeed, it is probable that more was known about patterns of foreign direct investment than about any other aspect of industrial economics at the time (US Bureau of Commerce, the Harvard Project led by Raymond Vernon). But how could the statistics be interpreted? General equilibrium theory did not seem to be up to the task. A new framework was needed that would allow the statistics to reveal the underlying dynamics of Multinational behaviour. With the right theory it would be possible to use the statistics to pass judgement on competing views. Positivism. Political salience prompted many scholars to write about Multinationals. The Future was distinguished by its strongly positivist stance. The book began by summarizing the stylized facts revealed by the published statistics. The well-known distinction between direct and indirect investment was carefully examined. Journal of International Business Studies (2003) 34, 219–222 & 2003 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. All rights reserved 0047-2506 $25.00

  • Models of the Multinational Enterprise
    2003
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    In this seminal book, a distinguished group of experts pinpoint and rigorously analyse central topics in international business research. This volume will become a major reference tool for understanding the economics of Multinational Enterprise. The emphasis throughout is on a new dynamic research agenda, for theory, for empirical research and for public policy.

  • models of the Multinational Enterprise
    Journal of International Business Studies, 1998
    Co-Authors: Peter J Buckley, Mark Casson
    Abstract:

    Flexibility is identified as the hallmark of recent modelling of the Multinational Enterprise. The focus on flexibility is a response to the rationalization and restructuring of international business, which has occurred since the end of the “golden age” of Western economic growth. Flexibility has been south in factor markets, intermediate product markets and markets for final products. It has been sought by both governments and firms. Flexible firms are attracted to locations with flexible host governments. This article contrasts the modern research agenda based on flexibility with the more traditional research agenda which predominates in the literature reviewed by Caves (1996).

Stefano Menghinello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Multinational Enterprise as a source of international knowledge flows: Direct evidence from Italy
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nigel Driffield, James H Love, Stefano Menghinello
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the determinants of technology transfer between parent firms and their international affiliates, and of knowledge spillovers from those affiliates to host-country firms. Using a unique data set of foreign Multinational Enterprise (MNE) affiliates based in Italy, we find that affiliate investment in R&D and investment in capital-embodied technology plays a significant role in determining the nature of intra-firm technology flows. However, the basis for any spillovers arising from MNE affiliates does not originate from codified knowledge associated with R&D, but rather from the productivity of the affiliate.

  • the Multinational Enterprise as a source of international knowledge flows direct evidence from italy
    Journal of International Business Studies, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nigel Driffield, James H Love, Stefano Menghinello
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the determinants of technology transfer between parent firms and their international affiliates, and of knowledge spillovers from those affiliates to host-country firms. Using a unique data set of foreign Multinational Enterprise (MNE) affiliates based in Italy, we find that affiliate investment in R&D and investment in capital-embodied technology plays a significant role in determining the nature of intra-firm technology flows. However, the basis for any spillovers arising from MNE affiliates does not originate from codified knowledge associated with R&D, but rather from the productivity of the affiliate.