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D.w. Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioral effects of the entomopathogenic fungus entomophthora Muscae on its host Musca domestica postural changes in dying hosts and gated pattern of mortality
Journal of Insect Physiology, 1995Co-Authors: Stuart B Krasnoff, D.w. Watson, D M Gibson, E C KwanAbstract:Abstract Videotaped records of house flies dying from infection with the fungus Entomophthora Muscae showed that flies typically die on the fourth or fifth day post-infection in elevated positions, with the proboscis extended and attached to the substrate, the legs spread, the abdomen angled away from the substrate and the wings raised above the thorax. Four events occurring before or shortly after death were identified, the last locomotory movement (LM), the last extension of the proboscis to the substrate (PD), the start of upward wing movement (WS) and the end of upward wing movement (WU). Progression through this sequence was essentially unidirectional and highly stereotyped. The median elapsed time between WS and WU was 15 min. The median time between LM and WU was 1.25 h. The mortality of diseased flies, observed over several days, exhibited a distinct diel periodicity under both natural and artificial photoperiodic regimes with most flies dying 0–5 h before the onset of darkness. The mortality of flies held in the dark from the time of exposure until death did not exhibit rhythmicity; however, a circadian periodicity of mortality was observed in a population of infected flies exposed to a L12:D12 photoperiod for 3 days following infection and then held in continuous darkness. These findings indicate that mortality in E. Muscae-diseased flies is a gated phenomenon governed by a biological clock, that, it is argued, is most probably a property of the fungus.
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sexual activity of male Musca domestica diptera muscidae infected with entomophthora Muscae entomophthoraceae entomophthorales
Biological Control, 1993Co-Authors: D.w. Watson, J J PetersenAbstract:Abstract Male house flies (Musca domestica L.) exposed to Entomophthora Muscae (Cohn) Fresenius conidial showers mechanically transmitted conidia to female house flies during copulation. Female flies were infected by primary conidia dislodged from the male or by secondary conidia produced from existing primary conidia on the male carrier. Male mating behavior was affected by the developing infection. When healthy female flies mated with diseased males, they laid fewer eggs and had lower fecundity than females that mated with healthy males.
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Behavioral Fever Response of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to Infection by Entomophthora Muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1993Co-Authors: D.w. Watson, B.a. Mullens, James J. PetersenAbstract:Abstract House flies, Musca domestica L., infected with Entomophthora Muscae (Cohn) Fresenius were exposed to 40°C to determine the effects of high temperature on diseased house flies. In no-choice experiments, high temperatures early in the incubation period of two isolates of E. Muscae increased the survival time of diseased house flies. House flies surviving E. Muscae infections induced by a Nebraska/NE) isolate were 87, 78, and 37% if exposed to high temperature for 8 hr during Days 1, 2, and 3 of the incubation period, respectively. House fly survival rates declined to 17 and 13% if exposed to high temperature on Days ,4 and 5 of the usual 5-day incubation period. House flies surviving infections induced by a California (CA) isolate were 93, 97, and 92% if exposed to 40°C temperatures for 8 hr during Days 1, 2, and 3 of the incubation period. Survival rates declined to 75, 38, and 17% if high temperature exposures occurred on Days 4, 5, and 6 of the typical 7-day incubation period. Short-term exposures (4-6 hr) of E. Muscae (NE) infected house flies (24 hr old) to 40°C increased fly survival 90%. Similar results were not observed at 35°C. In free-choice experiments, house flies infected with the NE isolate of E. Muscae for 24-48 hr exhibited a behavioral fever and were able to use heat therapy to eliminate pathogenic effects of E. Muscae . The response was not consistent throughout the E. Muscae incubation period. Behavioral fevers were not exhibited by infected house flies on Days 1, 4, and 5 of the incubation period. On Day 5 of the incubation period, dying flies moved to the cool regions of the gradient.
Jørgen Eilenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3 authors, including:
2016Co-Authors: Jørgen Eilenberg, Lene Thomsen José BrescianiAbstract:Formation and germination of resting spores from different strains from the Entomophthora Muscae complex produced in Musca domestica
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value of host range morphological and genetic characteristics within the entomophthora Muscae species complex
Fungal Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Annette Bruun Jensen, Lene Thomsen, Jørgen EilenbergAbstract:Entomopthora Muscae sensu lato is a complex of morphologically similar fungal species pathogenic to evolutionarily advanced flies (Cyclorrhapha). To reach an operational species definition and recognition of species within this complex, the values of host range, morphological and genetic characteristics are reconsidered. Within the E. Muscae species complex morphological and nuclear characteristics of the primary conidia are taxonomically important. In this study we compared the dimensions and nuclear numbers of the primary conidia of isolates from their original (natural) hosts and after being transferred to alternative hosts (cross-transmission) in order to check the stability of these characteristics. The conidial characteristics change substantially when produced in alternative host species, but their overall range in variability still fit within the traditional morphological species circumscriptions. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS II and LSU rRNA gene sequences, revealed three distinct lineages within the complex: E. schizophorae, E. Muscae and E. syrphi. Within each of these lineages sequence divergence was seen between isolates originating from different host species. Our studies on the physiological host range showed that several isolates were able to infect alternative dipteran species. Musca domestica was a particularly good receptor. The ecological host range of any individual isolate seems, however, to be limited to one host species evidenced by the occurrence of distinct genotypes within each natural infected host species shown by RAPD. The high host specificity of these fungi emphasizes the importance of identifying the host taxon at species level in the recognition of Entomophthora species. We recommend that morphological characteristics of fungal structures and host taxon, together with molecular data, serve as criteria for species determination in future studies on members of the E. Muscae complex.
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Entomophthora ferdinandii (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) causing natural infections of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in Argentina.
Mycopathologia, 2006Co-Authors: Claudia C. López Lastra, Jørgen Eilenberg, Augusto Siri, J J Garcia, Richard A. HumberAbstract:The identity and activity of an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the Entomophthora Muscae species complex and infecting Musca domestica in poultry houses from La Plata, Argentina, is reported. Entomophthora caused natural infections between September 2001 and September 2003. Primary conidia of this fungus were on average 29.5 ± 1.2 × 23.4 ± 2.4 µm and contained, on average, 10.5 ± 0.1 nuclei (range: 7–15) with an average diameter of 4.8 ± 0.1 µm. This fungus is identified as E. ferdinandii Keller (this specific epithet includes a nomenclaturally required spelling correction); this is a first record of E. ferdinandii in South America and of any member of the E. Muscae species complex from flies in Argentina.
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intraspecific variation and host specificity of entomophthora Muscae sensu stricto isolates revealed by random amplified polymorphic dna universal primed pcr pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism and conidial morphology
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2001Co-Authors: Annette Bruun Jensen, Lene Thomsen, Jørgen EilenbergAbstract:The intraspecific variations of Entomophthora Muscae s. str. associated with particular host species, Musca domestica and Delia radicum, sampled from different localities and different years in Denmark and the variation of E. Muscae s. str. originating from different host taxa were investigated. The isolates were compared both by primary spore morphology and by three molecular methods: random amplified polymorphic DNA, universal primed PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Analyses of the different molecular data showed the same overall picture and separated E. Muscae s. str. into two main groups with all the M. domestica isolates in one group and isolates from D. radicum, Coenosia tigrina, and Pegoplata infirma in the second group. E. Muscae s. str. isolates from M. domestica also differ significantly from the rest of the E. Muscae s. str. isolates with regard to the morphology of the primary conidia, which were bigger and contained significantly more nuclei per conidium. Several different E. Muscae s. str. genotypes were documented and each type was restricted to a single host species, indicating a very high degree of host specificity at or below the level of the subfamily.
John E Casida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insect γ aminobutyric acid receptors and isoxazoline insecticides toxicological profiles relative to the binding sites of h fluralaner h 4 ethynyl 4 n propylbicycloorthobenzoate and h avermectin
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Chunqing Zhao, John E CasidaAbstract:Isoxazoline insecticides, such as fluralaner (formerly A1443), are noncompetitive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABA-R) antagonists with selective toxicity for insects versus mammals. The isoxazoline target in house fly ( Musca domestica ) brain has subnanomolar affinity for [³H]fluralaner and a unique pattern of sensitivity to isoxazolines and avermectin B(1a) (AVE) but not to fipronil and α-endosulfan. Inhibitor specificity profiles for 15 isoxazolines examined with Musca GABA-R and [³H]fluralaner, [³H]-4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate ([³H]EBOB), and [³H]AVE binding follow the same structure-activity trends although without high correlation. The 3 most potent of the 15 isoxazolines tested in Musca [³H]fluralaner, [³H]EBOB, and [³H]AVE binding assays and in honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain [³H]fluralaner assays are generally those most toxic to Musca and four agricultural pests. Fluralaner does not inhibit [³H]EBOB binding to the human GABA-R recombinant β₃ homopentamer, which is highly sensitive to all of the commercial GABAergic insecticides. The unique isoxazoline binding site may resurrect the GABA-R as a major insecticide target.
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insect γ aminobutyric acid receptors and isoxazoline insecticides toxicological profiles relative to the binding sites of 3h fluralaner 3h 4 ethynyl 4 n propylbicycloorthobenzoate and 3h avermectin
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Chunqing Zhao, John E CasidaAbstract:Isoxazoline insecticides, such as fluralaner (formerly A1443), are noncompetitive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABA-R) antagonists with selective toxicity for insects versus mammals. The isoxazoline target in house fly (Musca domestica) brain has subnanomolar affinity for [3H]fluralaner and a unique pattern of sensitivity to isoxazolines and avermectin B1a (AVE) but not to fipronil and α-endosulfan. Inhibitor specificity profiles for 15 isoxazolines examined with Musca GABA-R and [3H]fluralaner, [3H]-4′-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB), and [3H]AVE binding follow the same structure–activity trends although without high correlation. The 3 most potent of the 15 isoxazolines tested in Musca [3H]fluralaner, [3H]EBOB, and [3H]AVE binding assays and in honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain [3H]fluralaner assays are generally those most toxic to Musca and four agricultural pests. Fluralaner does not inhibit [3H]EBOB binding to the human GABA-R recombinant β3 homopentamer, which is highly sensi...
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Insect γ‑Aminobutyric Acid Receptors and Isoxazoline Insecticides: Toxicological Profiles Relative to the Binding Sites of [3H]Fluralaner, [3H]-4′-Ethynyl-4‑n‑propylbicycloorthobenzoate, and [3H]Avermectin
2014Co-Authors: Chunqing Zhao, John E CasidaAbstract:Isoxazoline insecticides, such as fluralaner (formerly A1443), are noncompetitive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABA-R) antagonists with selective toxicity for insects versus mammals. The isoxazoline target in house fly (Musca domestica) brain has subnanomolar affinity for [3H]fluralaner and a unique pattern of sensitivity to isoxazolines and avermectin B1a (AVE) but not to fipronil and α-endosulfan. Inhibitor specificity profiles for 15 isoxazolines examined with Musca GABA-R and [3H]fluralaner, [3H]-4′-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB), and [3H]AVE binding follow the same structure–activity trends although without high correlation. The 3 most potent of the 15 isoxazolines tested in Musca [3H]fluralaner, [3H]EBOB, and [3H]AVE binding assays and in honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain [3H]fluralaner assays are generally those most toxic to Musca and four agricultural pests. Fluralaner does not inhibit [3H]EBOB binding to the human GABA-R recombinant β3 homopentamer, which is highly sensitive to all of the commercial GABAergic insecticides. The unique isoxazoline binding site may resurrect the GABA-R as a major insecticide target
Coby Schal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of the entomopathogenic fungus entomophthora Muscae zygomycetes entomophthoraceae on sex pheromone and other cuticular hydrocarbons of the house fly Musca domestica
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Ludek Zurek, Wes D Watson, Stuart B Krasnoff, Coby SchalAbstract:House fly (Musca domestica) males are highly attracted to dead female flies infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophthora Muscae. Because males orient to the larger abdomen of infected flies, both visual and chemical cues may be responsible for the heightened attraction to infected flies. Our behavioral assays demonstrated that the attraction is sex-specific-males were attracted more to infected females than to infected males, regardless of cadaver size. We examined the effect of E. Muscae on the main component of the house fly sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene, and other cuticular hydrocarbons including n-tricosane, n-pentacosane, (Z)-9-heptacosene, and total hydrocarbons of young (7 days old) and old (18 days old) virgin females. Young E. Muscae-infected female flies accumulated significantly less sex pheromone and other hydrocarbons on their cuticular surface than uninfected females, whereas the cuticular hydrocarbons of older flies were unaffected by fungus infection. These results suggest that chemical cues other than (Z)-9-tricosene, visual cues other than abdomen size, or a combination of both sets of cues might be responsible for attraction of house fly males to E. Muscae-infected females.
James J. Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behavioral Fever Response of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to Infection by Entomophthora Muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1993Co-Authors: D.w. Watson, B.a. Mullens, James J. PetersenAbstract:Abstract House flies, Musca domestica L., infected with Entomophthora Muscae (Cohn) Fresenius were exposed to 40°C to determine the effects of high temperature on diseased house flies. In no-choice experiments, high temperatures early in the incubation period of two isolates of E. Muscae increased the survival time of diseased house flies. House flies surviving E. Muscae infections induced by a Nebraska/NE) isolate were 87, 78, and 37% if exposed to high temperature for 8 hr during Days 1, 2, and 3 of the incubation period, respectively. House fly survival rates declined to 17 and 13% if exposed to high temperature on Days ,4 and 5 of the usual 5-day incubation period. House flies surviving infections induced by a California (CA) isolate were 93, 97, and 92% if exposed to 40°C temperatures for 8 hr during Days 1, 2, and 3 of the incubation period. Survival rates declined to 75, 38, and 17% if high temperature exposures occurred on Days 4, 5, and 6 of the typical 7-day incubation period. Short-term exposures (4-6 hr) of E. Muscae (NE) infected house flies (24 hr old) to 40°C increased fly survival 90%. Similar results were not observed at 35°C. In free-choice experiments, house flies infected with the NE isolate of E. Muscae for 24-48 hr exhibited a behavioral fever and were able to use heat therapy to eliminate pathogenic effects of E. Muscae . The response was not consistent throughout the E. Muscae incubation period. Behavioral fevers were not exhibited by infected house flies on Days 1, 4, and 5 of the incubation period. On Day 5 of the incubation period, dying flies moved to the cool regions of the gradient.
