The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yetta Kwailing Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visual training with Musical notes changes late but not early electrophysiological responses in the visual cortex.
Journal of Vision, 2019Co-Authors: Alan Wong, Terri Y. K. Ng, Yetta Kwailing WongAbstract:: Visual expertise with Musical Notation is unique. Fluent music readers show selectively higher activity to Musical notes than to other visually similar patterns in both the retinotopic and higher-level visual areas and both very early (e.g., C1) and later (e.g., N170) visual event-related potential (ERP) components. This is different from domains such as face and letter perception, of which the neural expertise marker is typically found in the higher-level ventral visual areas and later (e.g., N170) ERP components. An intriguing question concerns whether the visual skills and neural selectivity observed in music-reading experts are a result of the effects of extensive visual experience with Musical Notation. The current study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between visual experience and its neural changes with Musical Notation. Novices with no formal Musical training experience were trained to visually discriminate between note patterns in the laboratory for 10-26 hr such that their performance was comparable with fluent music readers. The N170 component became more selective for Musical notes after training. Training was not, however, followed by changes in the earlier C1 component. The findings show that visual training is enough for causing changes in the responses of the higher-level visual areas to Musical Notation while the engagement of the early visual areas may involve additional nonvisual factors.
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the role of line junctions in object recognition the case of reading Musical Notation
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2018Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan WongAbstract:Previous work has shown that line junctions are informative features for visual perception of objects, letters, and words. However, the sources of such sensitivity and their generalizability to other object categories are largely unclear. We addressed these questions by studying perceptual expertise in reading Musical Notation, a domain in which individuals with different levels of expertise are readily available. We observed that removing line junctions created by the contact between Musical notes and staff lines selectively impaired recognition performance in experts and intermediate readers, but not in novices. The degree of performance impairment was predicted by individual fluency in reading Musical Notation. Our findings suggest that line junctions provide diagnostic information about object identity across various categories, including Musical Notation. However, human sensitivity to line junctions does not readily transfer from familiar to unfamiliar object categories, and has to be acquired through perceptual experience with the specific objects.
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music reading training alleviates crowding with Musical Notation
Journal of Vision, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan WongAbstract:: Crowding refers to the disrupted recognition of an object by nearby distractors. Prior work has shown that real-world music-reading experts experience reduced crowding specifically for Musical stimuli. However, it is unclear whether music-reading training reduced the magnitude of crowding or whether individuals showing less crowding are more likely to learn and excel in music reading later. To examine the first possibility, we tested whether crowding can be alleviated by music-reading training in the laboratory. Intermediate-level music readers completed 8 hr of music-reading training within 2 weeks. Their threshold duration for reading Musical notes dropped by 44.1% after training to a level comparable with that of extant expert music readers. Importantly, crowding was reduced with Musical stimuli but not with the nonMusical stimuli Landolt Cs. In sum, the reduced crowding for Musical stimuli in expert music readers can be explained by music-reading training.
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perceptual expertise and top down expectation of Musical Notation engages the primary visual cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Cynthia S Peng, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 measured 40-60 msec after stimulus onset with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Cynthia Peng, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
Isabel Gauthier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Distractor familiarity reveals the importance of configural information in Musical Notation
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2019Co-Authors: Ting-yun Chang, Isabel GauthierAbstract:The study of perceptual expertise in a visual domain requires the definition of boundaries for the objects that are part of the domain in question. Unlike other well-studied domains, such as faces or words, the domain of Musical Notation has been lacking in efforts to identify critical features that define the objects of music reading. In the present study, we took advantage of the distractor familiarity effect in visual search. We asked participants to search for a prespecified target note among familiar/unfamiliar distractor notes when two features of Musical Notation, dot–stem configuration (the way of connecting the dot and the stem of a note) and connectedness (whether or not the dot and the stem of a note were connected), were manipulated. A participant’s level of music-reading expertise predicted the magnitude of the distractor familiarity effect only when the dot–stem configuration was diagnostic for the search. Connectedness did not induce a distractor familiarity effect, regardless of its diagnosticity. Dot–stem configuration is a defining feature of music notes, helping to characterize the boundaries of the domain of music-reading expertise. This work has also improved on the tasks used to quantify expertise in reading Musical Notation.
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perceptual expertise and top down expectation of Musical Notation engages the primary visual cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Cynthia S Peng, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 measured 40-60 msec after stimulus onset with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Cynthia Peng, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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music reading expertise alters visual spatial resolution for Musical Notation
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2012Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Crowding occurs when the perception of a suprathreshold target is impaired by nearby distractors, reflecting a fundamental limitation on visual spatial resolution. It is likely that crowding limits music reading, as each Musical note is crowded by adjacent notes and by the five-line staff, similar to word reading, in which letter recognition is reduced by crowding from adjacent letters. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, with extensive experience, music-reading experts have acquired visual skills such that they experience a smaller crowding effect, resulting in higher music-reading fluency. Experts experienced a smaller crowding effect than did novices, but only for Musical stimuli, not for control stimuli (Landolt Cs). The magnitude of the crowding effect for Musical stimuli could be predicted by individual fluency in music reading. Our results highlight the role of experience in crowding: Visual spatial resolution can be improved specifically for objects associated with perceptual expertise. Music-reading rates are likely limited by crowding, and our results are consistent with the idea that experience alleviates these limitations.
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holistic processing of Musical Notation dissociating failures of selective attention in experts and novices
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Holistic processing (i.e., the tendency to process objects as wholes) is associated with face perception and also with expertise individuating novel objects. Surprisingly, recent work also reveals holistic effects in novice observers. It is unclear whether the same mechanisms support holistic effects in experts and in novices. In the present study, we measured holistic processing of music sequences using a selective attention task in participants who vary in music-reading expertise. We found that holistic effects were strategic in novices but were relatively automatic in experts. Correlational analyses revealed that individual holistic effects were predicted by both individual music-reading ability and neural responses for Musical Notation in the right fusiform face area (rFFA), but in opposite directions for experts and novices, suggesting that holistic effects in the two groups may be of different natures. To characterize expert perception, it is important not only to measure the tendency to process objects as wholes, but also to test whether this effect is dependent on task constraints.
Alan Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visual training with Musical notes changes late but not early electrophysiological responses in the visual cortex.
Journal of Vision, 2019Co-Authors: Alan Wong, Terri Y. K. Ng, Yetta Kwailing WongAbstract:: Visual expertise with Musical Notation is unique. Fluent music readers show selectively higher activity to Musical notes than to other visually similar patterns in both the retinotopic and higher-level visual areas and both very early (e.g., C1) and later (e.g., N170) visual event-related potential (ERP) components. This is different from domains such as face and letter perception, of which the neural expertise marker is typically found in the higher-level ventral visual areas and later (e.g., N170) ERP components. An intriguing question concerns whether the visual skills and neural selectivity observed in music-reading experts are a result of the effects of extensive visual experience with Musical Notation. The current study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between visual experience and its neural changes with Musical Notation. Novices with no formal Musical training experience were trained to visually discriminate between note patterns in the laboratory for 10-26 hr such that their performance was comparable with fluent music readers. The N170 component became more selective for Musical notes after training. Training was not, however, followed by changes in the earlier C1 component. The findings show that visual training is enough for causing changes in the responses of the higher-level visual areas to Musical Notation while the engagement of the early visual areas may involve additional nonvisual factors.
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the role of line junctions in object recognition the case of reading Musical Notation
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2018Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan WongAbstract:Previous work has shown that line junctions are informative features for visual perception of objects, letters, and words. However, the sources of such sensitivity and their generalizability to other object categories are largely unclear. We addressed these questions by studying perceptual expertise in reading Musical Notation, a domain in which individuals with different levels of expertise are readily available. We observed that removing line junctions created by the contact between Musical notes and staff lines selectively impaired recognition performance in experts and intermediate readers, but not in novices. The degree of performance impairment was predicted by individual fluency in reading Musical Notation. Our findings suggest that line junctions provide diagnostic information about object identity across various categories, including Musical Notation. However, human sensitivity to line junctions does not readily transfer from familiar to unfamiliar object categories, and has to be acquired through perceptual experience with the specific objects.
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music reading training alleviates crowding with Musical Notation
Journal of Vision, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan WongAbstract:: Crowding refers to the disrupted recognition of an object by nearby distractors. Prior work has shown that real-world music-reading experts experience reduced crowding specifically for Musical stimuli. However, it is unclear whether music-reading training reduced the magnitude of crowding or whether individuals showing less crowding are more likely to learn and excel in music reading later. To examine the first possibility, we tested whether crowding can be alleviated by music-reading training in the laboratory. Intermediate-level music readers completed 8 hr of music-reading training within 2 weeks. Their threshold duration for reading Musical notes dropped by 44.1% after training to a level comparable with that of extant expert music readers. Importantly, crowding was reduced with Musical stimuli but not with the nonMusical stimuli Landolt Cs. In sum, the reduced crowding for Musical stimuli in expert music readers can be explained by music-reading training.
Kristyn N. Fratus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual expertise and top down expectation of Musical Notation engages the primary visual cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Cynthia S Peng, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 measured 40-60 msec after stimulus onset with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Cynthia Peng, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
Geoffrey F. Woodman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual expertise and top down expectation of Musical Notation engages the primary visual cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Cynthia S Peng, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 measured 40-60 msec after stimulus onset with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Cynthia Peng, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, Isabel GauthierAbstract:Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for Musical Notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of Musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for Musical Notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
