The Experts below are selected from a list of 25902 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dirk M. Dhossche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combined Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Amantadine in Adolescent Catatonia Precipitated by Cyber-Bullying
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Michal Goetz, Eva Kitzlerova, Michal Hrdlicka, Dirk M. DhosscheAbstract:Catatonia is a unique motor dysregulation syndrome characterized by identifiable signs such as immobility, sometimes alternating with excessive motor activity, that is apparently purposeless and not influenced by external stimuli, extreme negativism or Muteness, peculiarities of voluntary movement, echolalia, or echopraxia (Fink and Taylor 2009). Catatonia accompanies a number of general medical and neurologic conditions (Dhossche and Wachtel 2010), with acute or insidious onset. In its most severe forms, catatonia may become life threatening, especially when aggravated by autonomic dysfunction and fever. Although previously considered to be rare in children and adolescents (Cohen et al. 1999), recent reports suggest that the prevalence of catatonic symptoms in these age groups is in fact similar to that reported in adults (Ghaziuddin et al. 2012). Overwhelming stress and trauma may trigger catatonia in children and adolescents (Dhossche et al. 2012). Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are considered first-line treatments (Weiss et al. 2012); however, the literature offers little guidance in cases that do not respond or that respond slowly to a course of these primary treatments. We present an adolescent case with close temporal relationship between onset of catatonia and cyber-bullying, a severe but common stressor nowadays for many adolescents, which resolved with daily ECT and adjunctive amantadine. We did not find any prior published accounts of these features in adolescents.
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blueprints for the assessment treatment and future study of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders
International Review of Neurobiology, 2006Co-Authors: Dirk M. Dhossche, Amitta Shah, Lorna WingAbstract:The blueprints for the assessment, treatment, and future study of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which are submitted in this chapter aim to increase early recognition and treatment of catatonia in ASDs, show the urgency of controlled treatment trials, and increase collaborative and interdisciplinary research into the co‐occurrence of these two enigmatic disorders. Catatonia should be assessed in any patient with ASDs when there is an obvious and marked deterioration in movement, pattern of activities, self‐care, and practical skills, compared with previous levels, through a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of medical and psychiatric symptoms. A formal diagnosis should be ascertained using ASD specific criteria for catatonia that takes into account baseline symptoms like Muteness, echophenomena, stereotypy, negativism, or other psychomotor abnormalities. Any underlying medical and neurological conditions should be treated, and culprit medications or other substances that may cause catatonia should be eliminated. Separate treatment blueprints are presented for mild, moderate, and severe catatonia, featuring combinations of a psychological approach developed by Shah and Wing and medical treatments that have shown efficacy in catatonia: lorazepam challenge, lorazepam trial, lorazepam continuation, and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). These treatment modalities in themselves are well established. Side effects and complications are known and manageable. Legal, ethical, and practice guidelines governing all treatment aspects should be followed. The treatment blueprints should be viewed as best estimates pending future controlled studies. The blueprint for the future study of catatonia in ASDs describes promising clinical and preclinical research avenues. Longitudinal studies need to assess the possible effect of early recognition and adequate treatment of catatonia in ASDs in order to avoid the impairment associated with chronicity. Effects of current and new anticatatonic treatments should be examined in experimental models of autism and catatonia. Finally, the role of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) dysfunction in autism, catatonia, and abnormal stress responses in these disorders should be further assessed.
Steven S. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Overcoming Aesthetic Muteness: Researching Organizational Members’ Aesthetic Experience
Human Relations, 2002Co-Authors: Steven S. TaylorAbstract:Direct questioning about the ‘felt sense’ of organizational actions or artefacts is an accepted way to explore organizational members’ aesthetic experience. However, this requires organizational members to be able to talk about their aesthetic experience, to translate that felt sense into language. I suggest this is often difficult due to aesthetic Muteness, which is a significant problem, not just for research but for organizational practice in general. I use empirical data to illustrate how this aesthetic Muteness is manifested in the research process as organizational members’ difficulty in approaching their experience from an aesthetic perspective, reframing from ‘feeling’ to ‘thinking’, inability to recall aesthetic experience and denial of aesthetic experience. I then speculate that aesthetic Muteness might be caused by threats to harmony, efficiency and images of power and effectiveness and that the consequences of aesthetic Muteness are aesthetic amnesia, a narrowed conception of organizational ae...
Lorna Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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blueprints for the assessment treatment and future study of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders
International Review of Neurobiology, 2006Co-Authors: Dirk M. Dhossche, Amitta Shah, Lorna WingAbstract:The blueprints for the assessment, treatment, and future study of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which are submitted in this chapter aim to increase early recognition and treatment of catatonia in ASDs, show the urgency of controlled treatment trials, and increase collaborative and interdisciplinary research into the co‐occurrence of these two enigmatic disorders. Catatonia should be assessed in any patient with ASDs when there is an obvious and marked deterioration in movement, pattern of activities, self‐care, and practical skills, compared with previous levels, through a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of medical and psychiatric symptoms. A formal diagnosis should be ascertained using ASD specific criteria for catatonia that takes into account baseline symptoms like Muteness, echophenomena, stereotypy, negativism, or other psychomotor abnormalities. Any underlying medical and neurological conditions should be treated, and culprit medications or other substances that may cause catatonia should be eliminated. Separate treatment blueprints are presented for mild, moderate, and severe catatonia, featuring combinations of a psychological approach developed by Shah and Wing and medical treatments that have shown efficacy in catatonia: lorazepam challenge, lorazepam trial, lorazepam continuation, and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). These treatment modalities in themselves are well established. Side effects and complications are known and manageable. Legal, ethical, and practice guidelines governing all treatment aspects should be followed. The treatment blueprints should be viewed as best estimates pending future controlled studies. The blueprint for the future study of catatonia in ASDs describes promising clinical and preclinical research avenues. Longitudinal studies need to assess the possible effect of early recognition and adequate treatment of catatonia in ASDs in order to avoid the impairment associated with chronicity. Effects of current and new anticatatonic treatments should be examined in experimental models of autism and catatonia. Finally, the role of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) dysfunction in autism, catatonia, and abnormal stress responses in these disorders should be further assessed.
Dario Grossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transient Muteness followed by dysarthria in patients with pontomesencephalic stroke
Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: G Orefice, Nina A Fragassi, Roberta Lanzillo, Annalisa Castellano, Dario GrossiAbstract:Dysarthria is the principal motor abnormality following vascular damage to pontine paramedian structures, owing to the involvement of corticobulbar fibres. Here we describe 2 cases of adults affected by dysarthria following transient Muteness as the result of a stroke in pontomesencephalic structures. Their clinical outcome was very similar to that of young patients who have undergone surgery of the 4th ventricle. Recently the importance of pons involvement has also been underlined in these cases. This case report suggests the existence of a functional network for speech, in which the pontomesencephalon is an important station for the triggering and the efficacy of verbal production.
Richard L. O'reilly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Relationship of Catatonia Symptoms to Symptoms of Schizophrenia
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Zack Z. Cernovsky, Johan Landmark, Harold Merskey, Richard L. O'reillyAbstract:Catatonia was originally described by Kahlbaum in 1873 as a separate disease entity (1) and was only later included as a form of schizophrenia in the Kraepelinian and Bleulerian diagnostic systems. Typically, catatonia has been described as motor anomalies in nonorganic disorders. At one extreme, these anomalies are characterized by excited motor activity, such as psychomotor agitation, that may be combined with excessive but incoherent verbal productivity, potentially violent or destructive behaviour, and a medical risk of collapse from complete physical exhaustion. At the other extreme there is a marked decrease of motor activity (for example, stupor or rigidity with protracted inappropriate posturing) that is sometimes combined with Muteness or near Muteness, stereotypies, echopraxia, or automatic obedience (2). A high frequency of catatonic syndromes has been clearly demonstrated in various mental disorders other than schizophrenia. Using a standard instrument, Ungvari and others found the catatonic syndrome in 18 of 212 (8.5%) consecutive psychiatric admissions, but only 8 of these 18 patients met the
