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Carlos Frederico Wilcken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selectivity of Mycoinsecticides and a pyrethroid to the egg parasitoid cleruchoides noackae hymenoptera mymaridae
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Mauricio Magalhaes Domingues, A. R. De ,souza, L K Becchi, Simone Graziele Moio Velozo, Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Marcus Alvarenga Soares, Jose Eduardo Serrao, Jose Cola Zanuncio, Carlos Frederico WilckenAbstract:Plants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid.
Italo Delalibera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nitrogen sources affect productivity, desiccation tolerance and storage stability of Beauveria bassiana blastospores
Journal of applied microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Mark A Jackson, Nilce Naomi Kobori, Christopher A Dunlap, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:AIMS Nitrogen is a critical element in industrial fermentation media. This study investigated the influence of various nitrogen sources on blastospore production, desiccation tolerance and storage stability using two strains of the cosmopolitan insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. METHODS AND RESULTS Complex organic sources of nitrogen such as soy flour, autolysed yeast and cottonseed flour induced great numbers of blastospores after 2-3 days of fermentation, which also survived drying and remained viable (32-56% survival) after 9 months storage at 4°C, although variations were found between strains. Nitrogen availability in the form of free amino acids directly influenced blastospore production and resistance to desiccation. Increasing glucose and nitrogen concentrations up to 120 and 30 g l-1 , respectively, did not improve blastospore production but enhanced desiccation tolerance. Cell viability after drying and upon fast-rehydration was increased when ≥25 g acid-hydrolysed casein per litre was supplemented in the liquid culture medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that low-cost complex nitrogen compounds are suitable to enhance yeast-like growth by B. bassiana with good desiccation tolerance and therefore support its further scale-up production as a Mycoinsecticide. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Nitrogen is the most expensive nutrient in liquid media composition, but this study underscores the feasibility of using low-cost nitrogen compounds composed mainly of agro-industrial by-products for rapid production of desiccation-tolerant B. bassiana blastospores by liquid culture fermentation.
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current status and perspectives of fungal entomopathogens used for microbial control of arthropod pests in brazil
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Italo Delalibera, Everton K K Fernandes, Rogério Biaggioni Lopes, Marcos FariaAbstract:Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi play a central role in Brazil’s biopesticide market. Approximately 50% of registered microbial biopesticides comprise Mycoinsecticides and/or mycoacaricides consisting of hypocrealean fungi, with most based on Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s. str.) and Beauveria bassiana s. str. These fungi are mainly used to control spittlebugs in sugarcane fields and whiteflies in row crops, respectively, with annual applications surpassing three million hectares. Research also emphasizes the potential of fungal entomopathogens to manage arthropod vectors of human diseases. Most registered fungal formulations comprise wettable powders or technical (non-formulated) products, with relatively few new developments in formulation technology. Despite the large area treated with Mycoinsecticides (i.e., approx. 2 million ha of sugarcane treated with M. anisopliae and 1.5 million ha of soybean treated with B. bassiana), their market share remains small compared with the chemical insecticide market. Nevertheless, several major agricultural companies are investing in fungus-based products with the aim at achieving more sustainable IPM programs for major pests in both organic and conventional crops. Government and private research groups are pursuing innovative technologies for mass production, formulation, product stability and quality control, which will support cost-effective commercial Mycoinsecticides. Here, we summarize the status of Mycoinsecticides currently available in Brazil and discuss future prospects.
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a protocol for determination of conidial viability of the fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae from commercial products
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2015Co-Authors: Daian Guilherme Pinto Oliveira, Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Giuliano Pauli, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:Abstract Techniques for directly determining conidial viability have widespread use but also have limitations for quality control assessments of formulated Mycoinsecticides, especially in emulsifiable oil. This study proposes a new method based on adaptations of already established protocols that use the direct viability method to make it more economical and accurate, thus enabling its use in the evaluation of formulated products. Appropriate parameters and conditions were defined using products based on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in the forms of pure conidia, fungus-colonized rice, ground fungus-colonized rice and oil dispersion. The established protocol, named ESALQ , consists of the transfer of 150 μL of a suspension containing about 0.7 and 1 × 10 6 conidia/mL onto Rodac® plates with 5 mL of potato dextrose agar culture medium + 5 mg/L of Pentabiotic® and 10 μL/L of Derosal® (Carbendazim) and subsequent counting of germinated and non-germinated conidia. For the ground fungus-colonized rice and oil dispersion formulations, prior to transferring the fungal suspension to the medium, rice should be decanted and the oil removed, respectively. This method was compared with another direct viability method and with the Colony-forming unit ( CFU ) and Fluorescence viability methods, comparing the accuracy obtained using the coefficient of variation (CV) of the analysis of each method. The results showed that in addition to the ease of application, the developed method has higher accuracy than the other methods (with a CV up to seven times lower than in the Standard method and up to 32 times lower than CFU ). The CFU method underestimated the concentration of viable conidia in most of the tested fungal forms, and in the emulsifiable oil products, these values were 54% lower for B. bassiana and 84% lower for M. anisopliae . The adaptations and standardizations proposed in the ESALQ method showed effective improvements for routine quality assessment of Mycoinsecticides.
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the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against bemisia tabaci biotype b hemiptera aleyrodidae and their conidial production using solid substrate fermentation
Biological Control, 2013Co-Authors: Nilce Naomi Kobori, E D Quintela, Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:Abstract The virulence of five isolates of Beauveria bassiana , five of Isaria fumosorosea and four of Lecanicillium muscarium from Brazil was determined on whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B lifestages on bean leaves under laboratory conditions. The conidial yield (on cadavers or parboiled rice), surface hydrophobicity and enzyme activity were also determined. The isolates of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea were the most virulent against nymphs (71–86% mortality within 8 d), with LT 50 values ranging from 3 to 4 d after treatment with 10 7 conidia/mL (150 conidia/mm 2 ). Spore production on nymph cadavers reached 4–8 × 10 5 conidia/insect. The L. muscarium isolates demonstrated low virulence toward nymphs. After spraying eggs with 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL (1674 conidia/mm 2 ) of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea , most nymphs hatched, but then 40–70% of these nymphs were infected by indirect exposure of conidia on the leaves. Adults exposed to treated leaf disks (150 conidia/mm 2 ) were more susceptible to I. fumosorosea than to B. bassiana . The enzyme activity (Pr1) and the relative conidial surface hydrophobicity were not correlated with any virulence parameter measured for either B. bassiana or I. fumosorosea . In addition, the highest conidial yields on parboiled rice using solid-state fermentation (4.9–11.4 × 10 9 conidia/g) were achieved by isolates of I. fumosorosea CG1228 and B. bassiana CG1229. I. fumosorosea CG1228 was highly virulent against whitefly nymphs and adults as well as attained high spore production on insect cadavers and parboiled rice. Our results indicate that I. fumosorosea CG1228 has desirable attributes for the development of a Mycoinsecticide against B. tabaci biotype B.
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biological control of insects in brazil and china history current programs and reasons for their successes using entomopathogenic fungi
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Sergio Batista Alves, Italo Delalibera, Marcos Faria, Rogério Biaggioni Lopes, Donald W Roberts, Meizhen Fan, Jian Tang, Drauzio E N RangelAbstract:Abstract Brazil and China have been successful in the use of microbial control methods to manage several agricultural and forest insects. In both countries, entomopathogenic fungi (EF) have been used for pest management since the 1970s. However, EF production and commercialization have not been constant in either country. Several companies and cooperatives suspended their activities or shut down from the 1970s to the 1990s. This was due to loss of confidence in available Mycoinsecticides by Brazilian farmers or due to reduced involvement and government subsidies for biological control in China; and, consequently, Mycoinsecticides were largely replaced by inexpensive chemical insecticides. Starting in the 1990s and continuing until today, however, new Brazilian and Chinese private companies have arisen. In Brazil, the area treated with M. anisopliae for spittlebug control alone is estimated to be approximately one million hectares in 2008, 75% of which was for control of spittlebugs in sugarcane plantation...
Gabriel Moura Mascarin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nitrogen sources affect productivity, desiccation tolerance and storage stability of Beauveria bassiana blastospores
Journal of applied microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Mark A Jackson, Nilce Naomi Kobori, Christopher A Dunlap, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:AIMS Nitrogen is a critical element in industrial fermentation media. This study investigated the influence of various nitrogen sources on blastospore production, desiccation tolerance and storage stability using two strains of the cosmopolitan insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. METHODS AND RESULTS Complex organic sources of nitrogen such as soy flour, autolysed yeast and cottonseed flour induced great numbers of blastospores after 2-3 days of fermentation, which also survived drying and remained viable (32-56% survival) after 9 months storage at 4°C, although variations were found between strains. Nitrogen availability in the form of free amino acids directly influenced blastospore production and resistance to desiccation. Increasing glucose and nitrogen concentrations up to 120 and 30 g l-1 , respectively, did not improve blastospore production but enhanced desiccation tolerance. Cell viability after drying and upon fast-rehydration was increased when ≥25 g acid-hydrolysed casein per litre was supplemented in the liquid culture medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that low-cost complex nitrogen compounds are suitable to enhance yeast-like growth by B. bassiana with good desiccation tolerance and therefore support its further scale-up production as a Mycoinsecticide. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Nitrogen is the most expensive nutrient in liquid media composition, but this study underscores the feasibility of using low-cost nitrogen compounds composed mainly of agro-industrial by-products for rapid production of desiccation-tolerant B. bassiana blastospores by liquid culture fermentation.
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current status and perspectives of fungal entomopathogens used for microbial control of arthropod pests in brazil
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Italo Delalibera, Everton K K Fernandes, Rogério Biaggioni Lopes, Marcos FariaAbstract:Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi play a central role in Brazil’s biopesticide market. Approximately 50% of registered microbial biopesticides comprise Mycoinsecticides and/or mycoacaricides consisting of hypocrealean fungi, with most based on Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s. str.) and Beauveria bassiana s. str. These fungi are mainly used to control spittlebugs in sugarcane fields and whiteflies in row crops, respectively, with annual applications surpassing three million hectares. Research also emphasizes the potential of fungal entomopathogens to manage arthropod vectors of human diseases. Most registered fungal formulations comprise wettable powders or technical (non-formulated) products, with relatively few new developments in formulation technology. Despite the large area treated with Mycoinsecticides (i.e., approx. 2 million ha of sugarcane treated with M. anisopliae and 1.5 million ha of soybean treated with B. bassiana), their market share remains small compared with the chemical insecticide market. Nevertheless, several major agricultural companies are investing in fungus-based products with the aim at achieving more sustainable IPM programs for major pests in both organic and conventional crops. Government and private research groups are pursuing innovative technologies for mass production, formulation, product stability and quality control, which will support cost-effective commercial Mycoinsecticides. Here, we summarize the status of Mycoinsecticides currently available in Brazil and discuss future prospects.
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first record of epizootics in the ocola skipper panoquina ocola lepidopera hesperiidae caused by isaria tenuipes in flooded rice fields of central brazil
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Gabriel Moura Mascarin, E D Quintela, José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi, Christopher A Dunlap, N C De NoronhaAbstract:Aims We report the first occurrence of an epizootic of the ascomycete fungus Isaria tenuipes (teleomorph Cordyceps takaomontana) on the ocola skipper Panoquina ocola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), an insect pest affecting rice in Brazil. Methods and Results Field surveys in flooded rice fields in the state of Goias in Brazil were conducted, and a fungal pathogen of a caterpillar pest (Panoquina ocola) was serendipitously found. This fungus inflicted high infection levels (average 86.2%) mainly to the pupal stage during warm, humid growing conditions. Typically, mycosed pupal cadavers produced milky-white to pale yellow synnemata bearing an average of 1.1±0.2 × 109 conidia per cadaver. Based on phylogenetic analysis using beta-tubulin gene sequences, we confirmed that all 12 isolates obtained from field-mummified pupae were identifiable as Isaria tenuipes. Conclusions Our data expand our knowledge on the host and geographical ranges of this mycopathogen and underscore its epizootic potential to affect a lepidopterous insect pest on rice in Brazil. This finding may facilitate the exploitation of this fungus as a Mycoinsecticide. Significance and Impact of Study Isaria tenuipes may be used as an effective and environmentally friendly bioinsecticide against agricultural caterpillar pests due to its epizootic potential, as well as explored for medicinal purposes by pharmaceutical industry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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a protocol for determination of conidial viability of the fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae from commercial products
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2015Co-Authors: Daian Guilherme Pinto Oliveira, Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Giuliano Pauli, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:Abstract Techniques for directly determining conidial viability have widespread use but also have limitations for quality control assessments of formulated Mycoinsecticides, especially in emulsifiable oil. This study proposes a new method based on adaptations of already established protocols that use the direct viability method to make it more economical and accurate, thus enabling its use in the evaluation of formulated products. Appropriate parameters and conditions were defined using products based on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in the forms of pure conidia, fungus-colonized rice, ground fungus-colonized rice and oil dispersion. The established protocol, named ESALQ , consists of the transfer of 150 μL of a suspension containing about 0.7 and 1 × 10 6 conidia/mL onto Rodac® plates with 5 mL of potato dextrose agar culture medium + 5 mg/L of Pentabiotic® and 10 μL/L of Derosal® (Carbendazim) and subsequent counting of germinated and non-germinated conidia. For the ground fungus-colonized rice and oil dispersion formulations, prior to transferring the fungal suspension to the medium, rice should be decanted and the oil removed, respectively. This method was compared with another direct viability method and with the Colony-forming unit ( CFU ) and Fluorescence viability methods, comparing the accuracy obtained using the coefficient of variation (CV) of the analysis of each method. The results showed that in addition to the ease of application, the developed method has higher accuracy than the other methods (with a CV up to seven times lower than in the Standard method and up to 32 times lower than CFU ). The CFU method underestimated the concentration of viable conidia in most of the tested fungal forms, and in the emulsifiable oil products, these values were 54% lower for B. bassiana and 84% lower for M. anisopliae . The adaptations and standardizations proposed in the ESALQ method showed effective improvements for routine quality assessment of Mycoinsecticides.
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the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against bemisia tabaci biotype b hemiptera aleyrodidae and their conidial production using solid substrate fermentation
Biological Control, 2013Co-Authors: Nilce Naomi Kobori, E D Quintela, Gabriel Moura Mascarin, Italo DelaliberaAbstract:Abstract The virulence of five isolates of Beauveria bassiana , five of Isaria fumosorosea and four of Lecanicillium muscarium from Brazil was determined on whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B lifestages on bean leaves under laboratory conditions. The conidial yield (on cadavers or parboiled rice), surface hydrophobicity and enzyme activity were also determined. The isolates of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea were the most virulent against nymphs (71–86% mortality within 8 d), with LT 50 values ranging from 3 to 4 d after treatment with 10 7 conidia/mL (150 conidia/mm 2 ). Spore production on nymph cadavers reached 4–8 × 10 5 conidia/insect. The L. muscarium isolates demonstrated low virulence toward nymphs. After spraying eggs with 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL (1674 conidia/mm 2 ) of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea , most nymphs hatched, but then 40–70% of these nymphs were infected by indirect exposure of conidia on the leaves. Adults exposed to treated leaf disks (150 conidia/mm 2 ) were more susceptible to I. fumosorosea than to B. bassiana . The enzyme activity (Pr1) and the relative conidial surface hydrophobicity were not correlated with any virulence parameter measured for either B. bassiana or I. fumosorosea . In addition, the highest conidial yields on parboiled rice using solid-state fermentation (4.9–11.4 × 10 9 conidia/g) were achieved by isolates of I. fumosorosea CG1228 and B. bassiana CG1229. I. fumosorosea CG1228 was highly virulent against whitefly nymphs and adults as well as attained high spore production on insect cadavers and parboiled rice. Our results indicate that I. fumosorosea CG1228 has desirable attributes for the development of a Mycoinsecticide against B. tabaci biotype B.
Chengshu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tryptamine accumulation caused by deletion of mrmao 1 in metarhizium genome significantly enhances insecticidal virulence
PLOS Genetics, 2020Co-Authors: Xiwen Tong, Chengshu Wang, Pengcheng Yang, Y. L. Wang, Le KangAbstract:Metarhizium is a group of insect-pathogenic fungi that can produce insecticidal metabolites, such as destruxins. Interestingly, the acridid-specific fungus Metarhizium acridum (MAC) can kill locusts faster than the generalist fungus Metarhizium robertsii (MAA) even without destruxin. However, the underlying mechanisms of different pathogenesis between host-generalist and host-specialist fungi remain unknown. This study compared transcriptomes and metabolite profiles to analyze the difference in responsiveness of locusts to MAA and MAC infections. Results confirmed that the detoxification and tryptamine catabolic pathways were significantly enriched in locusts after MAC infection compared with MAA infection and that high levels of tryptamine could kill locusts. Furthermore, tryptamine was found to be capable of activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor of locusts (LmAhR) to produce damaging effects by inducing reactive oxygen species production and immune suppression. Therefore, reducing LmAhR expression by RNAi or inhibitor (SR1) attenuates the lethal effects of tryptamine on locusts. In addition, MAA, not MAC, possessed the monoamine oxidase (Mao) genes in tryptamine catabolism. Hence, deleting MrMao-1 could increase the virulence of generalist MAA on locusts and other insects. Therefore, our study provides a rather feasible way to design novel Mycoinsecticides by deleting a gene instead of introducing any exogenous gene or domain.
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insect pathogenic fungi genomics molecular interactions and genetic improvements
Annual Review of Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Chengshu Wang, Sibao WangAbstract:Entomopathogenic fungi play a pivotal role in the regulation of insect populations in nature, and representative species have been developed as promising environmentally friendly Mycoinsecticides. Recent advances in the genome biology of insect pathogenic fungi have revealed genomic features associated with fungal adaptation to insect hosts and different host ranges, as well as the evolutionary relationships between insect and noninsect pathogens. By using species in the Beauveria and Metarhizium genera as models, molecular biology studies have revealed the genes that function in fungus-insect interactions and thereby contribute to fungal virulence. Taken together with efforts toward genetic improvement of fungal virulence and stress resistance, knowledge of entomopathogenic fungi will potentiate cost-effective applications of Mycoinsecticides for pest control in the field. Relative to our advanced insights into the mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis in plants and humans, future studies will be necessary to unravel the gene-for-gene relationships in fungus-insect interactive models.
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advances in genomics of entomopathogenic fungi
Advances in Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Jonathan B Wang, R J St Leger, Chengshu WangAbstract:Fungi are the commonest pathogens of insects and crucial regulators of insect populations. The rapid advance of genome technologies has revolutionized our understanding of entomopathogenic fungi with multiple Metarhizium spp. sequenced, as well as Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps militaris, and Ophiocordyceps sinensis among others. Phylogenomic analysis suggests that the ancestors of many of these fungi were plant endophytes or pathogens, with entomopathogenicity being an acquired characteristic. These fungi now occupy a wide range of habitats and hosts, and their genomes have provided a wealth of information on the evolution of virulence-related characteristics, as well as the protein families and genomic structure associated with ecological and econutritional heterogeneity, genome evolution, and host range diversification. In particular, their evolutionary transition from plant pathogens or endophytes to insect pathogens provides a novel perspective on how new functional mechanisms important for host switching and virulence are acquired. Importantly, genomic resources have helped make entomopathogenic fungi ideal model systems for answering basic questions in parasitology, entomology, and speciation. At the same time, identifying the selective forces that act upon entomopathogen fitness traits could underpin both the development of new Mycoinsecticides and further our understanding of the natural roles of these fungi in nature. These roles frequently include mutualistic relationships with plants. Genomics has also facilitated the rapid identification of genes encoding biologically useful molecules, with implications for the development of pharmaceuticals and the use of these fungi as bioreactors.
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advances in fundamental and applied studies in china of fungal biocontrol agents for use against arthropod pests
Biological Control, 2014Co-Authors: Chengshu Wang, Mingguang FengAbstract:Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, are environmentally friendly biocontrol agents (BCAs) against various arthropod pests. We provide an overview to the past-decade advances in fungal BCA research and application in China. Since 1960s, fungal BCAs have been mass-produced for application and at present, thousands of tons of their formulations are annually applied to control forest, agricultural, greenhouse and grassland insect pests throughout the country. Apart from technical advances in mass production, formulation and application of fungal BCAs, basic studies on the genomics, molecular biology, genetic engineering and population genetics of fungal entomopathogens have rapidly progressed in the past few years in China. The completed genomic studies of M. anisopliae, Metarhizium acridum, B. bassiana and Cordyceps militaris provide profound insights into crucial gene functions, fungal pathogenesis, host–pathogen interactions and mechanisms involved in fungal sexuality. New knowledge gained from the basic studies has been applied to improve fungal virulence and stress tolerance for developing more efficacious and field-persistent Mycoinsecticides by means of microbial biotechnology, such as genetic engineering. To alleviate environmental safety concerns, more efforts are needed to generate new data not only on the effects of engineered BCAs on target and non-target arthropods but also on their potential effects on gene flow and genetic recombination before field release.
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genomic perspectives on the evolution of fungal entomopathogenicity in beauveria bassiana
Scientific Reports, 2012Co-Authors: Guohua Xiao, Shenghua Ying, Peng Zheng, Zhengliang Wang, Siwei Zhang, Xueqin Xie, Yanfang Shang, Raymond J St Leger, Guoping Zhao, Chengshu WangAbstract:The ascomycete fungus Beauveria bassiana is a pathogen of hundreds of insect species and is commercially produced as an environmentally friendly Mycoinsecticide. We sequenced the genome of B. bassiana and a phylogenomic analysis confirmed that ascomycete entomopathogenicity is polyphyletic, but also revealed convergent evolution to insect pathogenicity. We also found many species-specific virulence genes and gene family expansions and contractions that correlate with host ranges and pathogenic strategies. These include B. bassiana having many more bacterial-like toxins (suggesting an unsuspected potential for oral toxicity) and effector-type proteins. The genome also revealed that B. bassiana resembles the closely related Cordyceps militaris in being heterothallic, although its sexual stage is rarely observed. A high throughput RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis revealed that B. bassiana could sense and adapt to different environmental niches by activating well-defined gene sets. The information from this study will facilitate further development of B. bassiana as a cost-effective Mycoinsecticide.
Mauricio Magalhaes Domingues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selectivity of Mycoinsecticides and a pyrethroid to the egg parasitoid cleruchoides noackae hymenoptera mymaridae
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Mauricio Magalhaes Domingues, A. R. De ,souza, L K Becchi, Simone Graziele Moio Velozo, Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Marcus Alvarenga Soares, Jose Eduardo Serrao, Jose Cola Zanuncio, Carlos Frederico WilckenAbstract:Plants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid.
