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Levente Kiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what is the role of the nitrate reductase euknr gene in fungi that live in nitrate free environments a targeted gene knock out study in ampelomyces Mycoparasites
Fungal Biology, 2021Co-Authors: Mark Z Nemeth, Levente Kiss, Gábor Kovács, Alexandra Pintye, Diana Seress, Orsolya Molnar, Markus GorferAbstract:Abstract Mycoparasitic fungi can be utilized as biocontrol agents (BCAs) of many plant pathogens. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of mycoparasitism may improve biocontrol efficiency. This work reports the first functional genetic studies in Ampelomyces, widespread Mycoparasites and BCAs of powdery mildew fungi, and a molecular genetic toolbox for future works. The nitrate reductase (euknr) gene was targeted to reveal the biological function of nitrate assimilation in Ampelomyces. These Mycoparasites live in an apparently nitrate-free environment, i.e. inside the hyphae of powdery mildew fungi that lack any nitrate uptake and assimilation system. Homologous recombination-based gene knock-out (KO) was applied to eliminate the euknr gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Efficient KO of euknr was confirmed by PCR, and visible phenotype caused by loss of euknr was detected on media with different nitrogen sources. Mycoparasitic ability was not affected by knocking out euknr as a tested transformant readily parasitized Blumeria graminis and Podosphaera xanthii colonies on barley and cucumber, respectively, and the rate of mycoparasitism did not differ from the wild type. These results indicate that euknr is not involved in mycoparasitism. Dissimilatory processes, involvement in nitric oxide metabolism, or other, yet undiscovered processes may explain why a functional euknr is maintained in Ampelomyces.
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Host phenology and geography as drivers of differentiation in generalist fungal Mycoparasites
PLoS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Alexandra Pintye, Jeanne Ropars, Nick Harvey, Hyeon-dong Shin, Christel Leyronas, Philippe Nicot, Tatiana Giraud, Levente KissAbstract:The question as to why parasites remain generalist or become specialist is a key unresolved question in evolutionary biology. Ampelomyces spp., intracellular Mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, which are themselves plant pathogens, are a useful model for studies of this issue. Ampelomyces is used for the biological control of mildew. Differences in mycohost phenology promote temporal isolation between sympatric Ampelomyces Mycoparasites. Apple powdery mildew (APM) causes spring epidemics, whereas other powdery mildew species on plants other than apple cause epidemics later in the season. This has resulted in genetic differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. It is unclear whether there is genetic differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces lineages due to their specialization on different mycohosts. We used microsatellites to address this question and found no significant differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces strains from different mycohosts or host plants, but strong differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. A geographical structure was revealed in both groups, with differences between European countries, demonstrating restricted dispersal at the continent scale and a high resolution for our markers. We found footprints of recombination in both groups, possibly more frequent in the APM cluster. Overall, Ampelomyces thus appears to be one of the rare genuine generalist pathogenic fungi able to parasitize multiple hosts in natural populations. It is therefore an excellent model for studying the evolution of pathogens towards a generalist rather than host-specific strategy, particularly in light of the tritrophic interaction between Ampelomyces Mycoparasites, their powdery mildew fungal hosts and the mildew host plants.
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Chapter 3 Intracellular Mycoparasites in action: Interactions between powdery mildew fungi and Ampelomyces
Stress in Yeast and Filamentous Fungi, 2008Co-Authors: Levente KissAbstract:Pycnidial fungi of the genus Ampelomyces are widespread intracellular Mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi worldwide. Their pycnidia are produced in hyphae, conidiophores and immature ascomata of their mycohosts. Thus, they suppress both the asexual and the sexual reproduction of the invaded powdery mildew mycelia, and then destroy them completely. Conidia of Ampelomyces are released from the intracellular pycnidia by the rupture of the pycnidial wall; conidia then germinate on the host plant surfaces, penetrate the intact hyphae of powdery mildew mycelia found in their vicinity and invade them internally growing from cell to cell through the septal pores of the mycohost. The early stage of mycoparasitism is apparently biotrophic, but the invaded cytoplasm then begins to die and a necrotrophic interaction results. Toxin production has not been detected in Ampelomyces, so it might act directly by invasion and destruction of the host cytoplasm. Experimental data showed that parasitized powdery mildew colonies can continue their growth, but their sporulation is stopped soon after Ampelomyces penetrated their mycelia. It is concluded that these Mycoparasites represent a stress factor in the life cycle of their mycohosts but their role in the natural control of powdery mildew infections requires further investigations.
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Genetic diversity of Ampelomyces Mycoparasites isolated from different powdery mildew species in China inferred from analyses of rDNA ITS sequences
Fungal Diversity, 2007Co-Authors: Chen Liang, Orsolya Szentiványi, Jiarong Yang, Gábor Kovács, Levente KissAbstract:Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces are common intracellular Mycoparasites of the Erysiphaceae worldwide. As a part of a project which aimed to isolate and test potential biocontrol agents of powdery mildew infections of economically important crops in China, a total of 23 Ampelomyces isolates were obtained from many different species of the Erysiphaceae in five provinces of China. In addition, four new Ampelomyces isolates were obtained in Europe for this study. Mycoparasitic tests showed that all the 27 new isolates produced intracellular pycnidia in the conidiophores of Podosphaera xanthii and/or Golovinomyces orontii when these powdery mildew species were inoculated with conidial suspensions of the isolates. This confirmed that the new isolates can be identified as Ampelomyces Mycoparasites and they were not confused with other pycnidial Mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi. The ITS sequence of the nuclear rRNA gene of the 27 new isolates were analyzed together with 20 sequences of other Ampelomyces isolates determined in earlier studies. The ITS sequences of some isolates obtained in China were identical with those of some European and/or North American isolates which indicates a global distribution of these Mycoparasites. At the same time, 16 Chinese isolates formed a distinct group, which was only distantly related to the already known groups of the European and the North American Ampelomyces isolates. Ampelomyces Mycoparasites with similar or identical ITS sequences were found in different powdery mildew hosts in China. Also, Mycoparasites with different ITS sequences were isolated from the same powdery mildew species during this study. Thus, no correlation was found between the ITS sequences of the Mycoparasites and the host fungi and host plants where they came from.
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Ampelomyces Mycoparasites from apple powdery mildew identified as a distinct group based on single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis of the rDNA ITS region
Mycological Research, 2005Co-Authors: Orsolya Szentiványi, Levente Kiss, Gábor Kovács, John C. Russell, Krisztina Varga, Tünde Jankovics, Silke Lesemann, Peter JeffriesAbstract:Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces are the most common natural antagonists of powdery mildews worldwide. During a study of the interactions between apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) and Ampelomyces Mycoparasites, 52 new Ampelomyces isolates were obtained from P. leucotricha and, in addition, 13 new isolates from other species of the Erysiphaceae in four European countries. Their genetic diversity was screened using single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). For comparison, 24 isolates obtained from genetic resource collections or other sources were included in this study. Based on the ITS-SSCP patterns, the isolates were placed in eight groups. The isolates belonged to two types based on their growth in culture. The faster-growing and the slower-growing isolates were included in different SSCP groups. A phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences of representatives of these groups confirmed the results obtained with the SSCP method, and showed that the faster-growing isolates do not belong to Ampelomyces as suggested by earlier studies. All the isolates from P. leucotricha fell into a distinct SSCP group of genetically homogeneous isolates. This suggests that Ampelomyces Mycoparasites which occur in apple powdery mildew are slightly different from the other Ampelomyces groups which contain Mycoparasites from various powdery mildew species. This may be because the main growth period of Ampelomyces Mycoparasites in apple powdery mildew is isolated in time from that of Ampelomyces isolates that occur in other species of the Erysiphaceae. P. leucotricha starts its life-cycle early in the season, usually in March-April, while most powdery mildews are active in the same environments only late in the year.
Kevin D Hyde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morpho molecular characterization of two ampelomyces spp pleosporales strains Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulphur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces sp. were analysed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1-H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report of Ampelomyces sp. as a potential biocontrol against powdery mildew disease of rubber. This work presents a potential biocontrol agent against rubber powdery mildews, which could be an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides
Kapila K. Liyanage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morpho molecular characterization of two ampelomyces spp pleosporales strains Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulphur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces sp. were analysed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1-H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report of Ampelomyces sp. as a potential biocontrol against powdery mildew disease of rubber. This work presents a potential biocontrol agent against rubber powdery mildews, which could be an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides
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Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Two Ampelomyces spp. (Pleosporales) Strains Mycoparasites of Powdery Mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. KarunarathnaAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulfur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces spp. were analyzed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1–H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report on morpho-molecular characterization of Ampelomyces species that are Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
Samantha C. Karunarathna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morpho molecular characterization of two ampelomyces spp pleosporales strains Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulphur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces sp. were analysed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1-H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report of Ampelomyces sp. as a potential biocontrol against powdery mildew disease of rubber. This work presents a potential biocontrol agent against rubber powdery mildews, which could be an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides
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Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Two Ampelomyces spp. (Pleosporales) Strains Mycoparasites of Powdery Mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. KarunarathnaAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulfur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces spp. were analyzed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1–H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report on morpho-molecular characterization of Ampelomyces species that are Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
Peter E. Mortimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morpho molecular characterization of two ampelomyces spp pleosporales strains Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Kevin D HydeAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulphur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces sp. were analysed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1-H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report of Ampelomyces sp. as a potential biocontrol against powdery mildew disease of rubber. This work presents a potential biocontrol agent against rubber powdery mildews, which could be an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides
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Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Two Ampelomyces spp. (Pleosporales) Strains Mycoparasites of Powdery Mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Kapila K. Liyanage, Sehroon Khan, Siraprapa Brooks, Peter E. Mortimer, Samantha C. KarunarathnaAbstract:Powdery mildew disease of rubber affects immature green leaves, buds, inflorescences, and other immature tissues of rubber trees, resulting in up to 45% losses in rubber latex yield worldwide. The disease is often controlled by dusting the diseased plants with powdered sulfur, which can have long-term negative effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative and environmentally friendly control methods for this disease. This study aimed to identify Mycoparasites associated with rubber powdery mildew species, and characterize them on the basis of morpho-molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA regions. We observed that the Ampelomyces fungus parasitizes rubber powdery mildew, and eventually destroys it. Furthermore, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics we confirmed that the Ampelomyces mycoparasite isolated from rubber powdery mildew is closely related to other mycohost taxa in the Erysiphe genus. A total of 73 (71 retrieved from GenBank and two obtained from fresh collections of rubber powdery mildew fungi) Ampelomyces spp. were analyzed using ITS rDNA sequences and 153 polymorphic sites were identified through haplotypic analyses. A total of 28 haplotypes (H1–H28) were identified to have a complex network of mutation events. The results from phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood analyses, and the haplotype network tree revealed similar relationships of clustering pattern. This work presents the first report on morpho-molecular characterization of Ampelomyces species that are Mycoparasites of powdery mildew of Hevea brasiliensis
