Nanochemistry

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Paras N. Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • upconversion nanoparticles design Nanochemistry and applications in theranostics
    Chemical Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guanying Chen, Paras N. Prasad, Xiaoyuan Chen
    Abstract:

    Applications in Theranostics Guanying Chen,*,†,‡ Hailong Qiu,†,‡ Paras N. Prasad,*,‡,§ and Xiaoyuan Chen* †School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China ‡Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2281, United States

  • nanophotonics and Nanochemistry controlling the excitation dynamics for frequency up and down conversion in lanthanide doped nanoparticles
    Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guanying Chen, Chunhui Yang, Paras N. Prasad
    Abstract:

    Nanophotonics is an emerging science dealing with the interaction of light and matter on a nanometer scale and holds promise to produce new generation nanophosphors with highly efficient frequency conversion of infrared (IR) light. Scientists can control the excitation dynamics by using Nanochemistry to produce hierarchically built nanostructures and tailor their interfaces. These nanophosphors can either perform frequency up-conversion from IR to visible or ultraviolet (UV) or down-conversion, which results in the IR light being further red shifted. Nanophotonics and Nanochemistry open up numerous opportunities for these photon converters, including in high contrast bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, drug release and gene delivery, nanothermometry, and solar cells. Applications of these nanophosphors in these directions derive from three main stimuli. Light excitation and emission within the near-infrared (NIR) “optical transparency window” of tissues is ideal for high contrast in vitro and in vivo imagin...

  • Nanochemistry and nanomaterials for photovoltaics.
    Chemical Society reviews, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guanying Chen, Jangwon Seo, Chunhui Yang, Paras N. Prasad
    Abstract:

    Nanochemistry and nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for a new generation of photovoltaics with high solar energy conversion efficiencies at low fabrication cost. Quantum-confined nanomaterials and polymer-inorganic nanocomposites can be tailored to harvest sun light over a broad range of the spectrum, while plasmonic structures offer effective ways to reduce the thickness of light-absorbing layers. Multiple exciton generation, singlet exciton fission, photon down-conversion, and photon up-conversion realized in nanostructures, create significant interest for harvesting underutilized ultraviolet and currently unutilized infrared photons. Nanochemical interface engineering of nanoparticle surfaces and junction-interfaces enable enhanced charge separation and collection. In this review, we survey these recent advances employed to introduce new concepts for improving the solar energy conversion efficiency, and reduce the device fabrication cost in photovoltaic technologies. The review concludes with a summary of contributions already made by Nanochemistry. It then describes the challenges and opportunities in photovoltaics where the chemical community can play a vital role.

  • diacyllipid micelle based nanocarrier for magnetically guided delivery of drugs in photodynamic therapy
    Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Ludmila O Cinteza, Earl J Bergey, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Yudhisthira Sahoo, Ravindra Pandey, Paras N. Prasad
    Abstract:

    We report the design, synthesis using Nanochemistry, and characterization of a novel multifunctional polymeric micelle-based nanocarrier system, which demonstrates combined function of magnetophoretically guided drug delivery together with light-activated photodynamic therapy. Specifically, the nanocarrier consists of polymeric micelles of diacylphospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PE-PEG) coloaded with the photosensitizer drug 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The nanocarrier shows excellent stability and activity over several weeks. The physicochemical characterizations have been carried out by transmission electron micrography and optical spectroscopy. An efficient cellular uptake has been confirmed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The loading efficiency of HPPH is practically unaffected upon coloading with the magnetic nanoparticles, and its phototoxicity is retained. The magnetic response of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by their magnetically directed delivery to tumor cells in vitro. The magnetophoretic control on the cellular uptake provides enhanced imaging and phototoxicity. These multifunctional nanocarriers demonstrate the exciting prospect offered by Nanochemistry for targeting photodynamic therapy.

  • ceramic based nanoparticles entrapping water insoluble photosensitizing anticancer drugs a novel drug carrier system for photodynamic therapy
    Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003
    Co-Authors: Indrajit Roy, Haridas E Pudavar, Allan R. Oseroff, Earl J Bergey, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Janet Morgan, Thomas J. Dougherty, Paras N. Prasad
    Abstract:

    A novel nanoparticle-based drug carrier for photodynamic therapy is reported which can provide stable aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic photosensitizers, yet preserve the key step of photogeneration of singlet oxygen, necessary for photodynamic action. A multidisciplinary approach is utilized which involves (i) Nanochemistry in micellar cavity to produce these carriers, (ii) spectroscopy to confirm singlet oxygen production, and (iii) in vitro studies using tumor cells to investigate drug−carrier uptake and destruction of cancer cells by photodynamic action. Ultrafine organically modified silica-based nanoparticles (diameter ∼30 nm), entrapping water-insoluble photosensitizing anticancer drug 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide, have been synthesized in the nonpolar core of micelles by hydrolysis of triethoxyvinylsilane. The resulting drug-doped nanoparticles are spherical, highly monodispersed, and stable in aqueous system. The entrapped drug is more fluorescent in aqueous medium than the free...

Thomas Faunce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • towards global artificial photosynthesis global solar fuels energy Nanochemistry and governance
    Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thomas Faunce
    Abstract:

    This special open access edition of the Australian Journal of Chemistry represents a collection of papers from the first international conference dedicated to creating a Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) or Global Solar Fuels (GSF) project, held at LordHowe Island on 14–18August 2011. Conceived and coordinated by the author of this article, the conference had endorsement from theUNESCONatural Science Sector andwas an official event of the UNESCO 2011 International Year of Chemistry. The federal Department of Industry, Innovation, Science and Research (DIISR, as it was then called) contributed to the funding, as did the Australian National University (ANU) College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment and ANU College of Law. Speakers included over 50 national and international experts in various aspects of artificial photosynthesis, as well as related areas including photovoltaics, hydrogen fuel cells, quantum coherence in electron transfer, and international governance systems. Lord Howe Island is a jewel in the UNESCOWorld Heritage List with its unique southerly coral reefs, mountain microclimate, flora, and fauna (Fig. 1). It provided a perfect symbolic backdrop for discussions about how Nanochemistry in particular could devise new mechanisms for powering the planet for this and future generations and what governance structures could assist our move from the Anthropocene towards what has been termed the Sustainocene era. An expert naturalist (Ian Hutton) who was closely involved in that UNESCO listing process for Lord Howe Island gave a presentation to the conference about the energy and pollution challenges facing this beautiful island and donated copies of his illustrated book as gifts for the conference presenters. An innovative feature of the inaugural GAP conference was the involvement of over 40 high-achieving senior year Australian high school science students (from James Ruse Agricultural College in Sydney, Geelong Grammar in Victoria and Narrabundah High School, Radford College, and Canberra Boys Grammar in the ACT). Proceedings began each day at 8 a.m. in the beautifully renovated 1930s-era community hall overlooking the lagoon. There were no parallel sessions and afternoons were free to allow collaborative discussions whilst exploring the island. The island community generously assisted with accommodation and food. Sessions recommenced for a couple of hours after dinner. Each session was constructed to be a multidisciplinary mix of topics and concludedwith short presentations by the high school students that provided an insightful and often hilarious commentary on the presentations. Endingmost evenings was a panel discussion on how to advance governance of global artificial photosynthesis. We are very grateful that many of the GAP conference presenters have produced contributions for this special edition of theAustralian Journal of Chemistry. Amongst these and other attendees were world leaders in many fields connected with solar fuels. Their active contributions during question time vitally helped shape the papers in this issue. Videos of their talks are available at the GAP conference website: http://law. anu.edu.au/coast/tgap/conf.htm. A brief survey of the overall GAP conference contributions is important in understanding the unusually high quality, interdisciplinary context in which this edition of the journal evolved. Some notable presentations at the GAP conference included those on the use of gallium phosphide nanowires in light-driven hydrogen production by Peidong Yang, one of the leaders of the newly established Joint Centre on Artificial Photosynthesis at Berkeley. Dan Nocera from MIT spoke about his ‘artificial leaf’ that configures a triple junction silicon photovoltaic cell with a cobalt catalyst (Co-OEC) for O2 evolution and a ternary alloy (NiMoZn) as the H2-evolving catalyst. [3] Professor Nocera

  • towards global artificial photosynthesis global solar fuels energy Nanochemistry and governance
    Social Science Research Network, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thomas Faunce
    Abstract:

    This special open access edition of the Australian Journal of Chemistry represents a collection of papers from the first international conference dedicated to creating a Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) or Global Solar Fuels (GSF) project, held at Lord Howe Island on 14–18 August 2011. Conceived and coordinated by the author of this article, the conference had endorsement from theUNESCONatural Science Sector and was an official event of the UNESCO 2011 International Year of Chemistry. The Australian federal Department of Industry, Innovation, Science and Research (DIISR, as it was then called) contributed to the funding, as did the Australian National University (ANU) College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment and ANU College of Law. Speakers included over 50 national and international experts in various aspects of artificial photosynthesis, as well as related areas including photovoltaics, hydrogen fuel cells, quantum coherence in electron transfer, and international governance systems.The GAP conference uniquely focused on the governance as well as the scientific challenges for global artificial photosynthesis.The vision of a world powered by solar fuel is likely to involve much more than large coastal plants splitting seawater using sunlight captured in desert areas to produce carbon-neutral hydrogen-based fuels and fresh water. If rolled out globally as a cheap consumer and development aid for ‘off-grid’ local and domestic energy, fertilizer and food product, global artificial photosynthesis could replace policy models of corporate globalization and ever-increasing economic growth predicated on preparation for war and use of non-renewable and polluting energy sources.

Mario Pagliaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • advancing Nanochemistry education
    Chemistry: A European Journal, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mario Pagliaro
    Abstract:

    The chemical approach to nanotechnology that has emerged in the last three decades has proved to be extremely fertile. As chemistry increasingly turns into Nanochemistry, and renewable solar energy available in sunlight and in biomass emerges as the main energy and raw materials source available to mankind, effective teaching of Nanochemistry becomes increasingly important. This Viewpoint identifies the requirements of a short course aimed to provide future scholars with the conceptual foundations, and a clear perspective, of an important discipline which turned out to be the enabler of nanotechnology.

  • commercialization of graphene based technologies a critical insight
    Chemical Communications, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rosaria Ciriminna, Nan Zhang, Minquan Yang, Francesco Meneguzzo, Mario Pagliaro
    Abstract:

    Carbon in its single layer atomic morphology has exceptional thermal, optical, electronic and mechanical properties, which may form the basis for several functional products and enhanced technologies that go from electricity storage to polymer nanocomposites of so far unsurpassed characteristics. Due to the high cost, however, the current global production of graphene does not exceed 120 tonnes. New chemical and physical methods to exfoliate graphite, however, were recently engineered and commercialized, which open the route to massive adoption of graphene as the “enabler” of numerous important technologies, including enhanced electricity storage. This feature article presents an updated, critical overview that will be useful to Nanochemistry and nanotechnology research practitioners and to entrepreneurs in advanced materials.

  • Nanochemistry derived bi2wo6 nanostructures towards production of sustainable chemicals and fuels induced by visible light
    Chemical Society Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nan Zhang, Rosaria Ciriminna, Mario Pagliaro, Yijun Xu
    Abstract:

    Low cost and easily made bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) could be one of the key technologies to make chemicals and fuels from biomass, atmospheric carbon dioxide and water at low cost using solar radiation as an energy source. Its narrow band gap (2.8 eV) enables ideal visible light (λ > 400 nm) absorption. Yet, it is the material's shape, namely the superstructure morphology wisely created via a Nanochemistry approach, which leads to better electron–hole separation and much higher photoactivity. Recent results coupled to the versatile photochemistry of this readily available semiconductor suggest that the practical application of Nanochemistry-derived Bi2WO6 nanostructures for the synthesis of value-added fine chemicals and fuel production is possible. We describe progress in this important field of chemical research from a Nanochemistry viewpoint, and identify opportunities for further progress.

  • Nanochemistry aspects of titania in dye sensitized solar cells
    Energy and Environmental Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Giovanni Palmisano, Vittorio Loddo
    Abstract:

    We analyze the main Nanochemistry factors affecting photovoltaic performance in TiO2 employed as wide bandgap semiconductor in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). What is the best morphology of the oxide? Which processes yield the required structures? Finally, putting the discussion in the context of the rapid evolution of photovoltaic technologies, we argue that new titania nanostructures will form the basic component of second-generation solar modules based on dye solar cells.

  • ormosil thin films tuning mechanical properties via a Nanochemistry approach
    Langmuir, 2006
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Palmisano, Rosaria Ciriminna, Eric Le Bourhis, Davide Tranchida, Mario Pagliaro
    Abstract:

    The mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) of organically modified silicate thin films can be finely tuned by varying the degree of alkylation and thus the fraction of six- and four-membered siloxane rings in the organosilica matrix. This opens the way to large tunability of parameters that are of crucial practical importance for films that are finding increasing application in numerous fields ranging from microelectronics to chemical sensing.

Taeghwan Hyeon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Pan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plasmonic metamaterials for Nanochemistry and sensing
    Accounts of Chemical Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mazhar E. Nasir, Alexey V. Krasavin, Wayne Dickson, Pan Wang, Yunlu Jiang, Anatoly V. Zayats
    Abstract:

    ConspectusPlasmonic nanostructures were initially developed for sensing and nanophotonic applications but, recently, have shown great promise in chemistry, optoelectronics, and nonlinear optics. Wh...

  • plasmonic metamaterials for Nanochemistry and sensing
    Accounts of Chemical Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mazhar E. Nasir, Alexey V. Krasavin, Wayne Dickson, Pan Wang, Yunlu Jiang, Anatoly V. Zayats
    Abstract:

    Plasmonic nanostructures were initially developed for sensing and nanophotonic applications but, recently, have shown great promise in chemistry, optoelectronics, and nonlinear optics. While smooth plasmonic films, supporting surface plasmon polaritons, and individual nanostructures, featuring localized surface plasmons, are easy to fabricate and use, the assemblies of nanostructures in optical antennas and metamaterials provide many additional advantages related to the engineering of the mode structure (and thus, optical resonances in the given spectral range), field enhancement, and local density of optical states required to control electronic and photonic interactions. Focusing on two of the many applications of plasmonic metamaterials, in this Account, we review our work on the sensing and Nanochemistry applications of metamaterials based on the assemblies of plasmonic nanorods under optical, as well as electronic interrogation. Sensors are widely employed in modern technology for the detection of events or changes in their local environment. Compared to their electronic counterparts, optical sensors offer a combination of high sensitivity, fast response, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and provide additional options for signal retrieval, such as optical intensity, spectrum, phase, and polarization. Owing to the ability to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields on subwavelength scales, plasmonics has been attracting increasing attention for the development of optical sensors with advantages including both nanometer-scale spatial resolution and single-molecule sensitivity. Inherent hot-electron generation in plasmonic nanostructures under illumination or during electron tunneling in the electrically biased nanostructures provides further opportunities for sensing and stimulation of chemical reactions, which would otherwise not be energetically possible. We first provide a brief introduction to a metamaterial sensing platform based on arrays of strongly coupled plasmonic nanorods. Several prototypical sensing examples based on this versatile metamaterial platform are presented. Record-high refractive index sensitivity of gold nanorod arrays in biosensing based on the functionalization of the nanorod surface for selective absorption arises because of the modification of the electromagnetic coupling between the nanorods in the array. The capabilities of nanorod metamaterials for ultrasound and hydrogen sensing were demonstrated by precision coating of the nanorods with functional materials to create core-shell nanostructures. The extension of this metamaterial platform to nanotube and nanocavity arrays, and metaparticles provides additional flexibility and removes restrictions on the illumination configurations for the optical interrogation. We then discuss a nanochemical platform based on the electrically driven metamaterials to stimulate and detect chemical reactions in the tunnel junctions constructed with the nanorods by exploiting elastic tunneling for the activation of chemical reactions via generated hot-electrons and inelastic tunneling for the excitation of plasmons facilitating optical monitoring of the process. This represents a new paradigm merging electronics, plasmonics, photonics and chemistry at the nanoscale, and creates opportunities for a variety of practical applications, such as hot-electron-driven nanoreactors and high-sensitivity sensors, as well as nanoscale light sources and modulators. With a combination of merits, such as the ability to simultaneously support both localized and propagating modes, nanoporous texture, rapid and facile functionalization, and low cost and scalability, plasmonic nanorod metamaterials provide an attractive and versatile platform for the development of optical sensors and nanochemical platforms using hot-electrons with high performance for applications in fundamental research and chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

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