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Jonathan M. Adler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Narrative Identity and Personality Disorder: an Empirical and Conceptual Review
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Majse Lind, Jonathan M. Adler, Lee Anna ClarkAbstract:Purpose of Review Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust approach to studying Identity focused on Narrative Identity which has been largely overlooked in studying PD. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted of studies published in the past decade that focused on how individuals manifesting personality pathology craft their Narrative Identity. Recent Findings This review revealed disturbances related to several motivational/affective themes (e.g., negative valence/valence shifts and thwarted themes of agency and communion), autobiographical reasoning (negative self-inferences), and structural elements (e.g., low coherence and fewer life script events) within the Narrative Identity of people who manifest PD. Summary Narrative Identity is disturbed in people experiencing personality pathology and may have crucial implications for enhancing our conceptual understanding of PD and for PD interventions. This review also points to several research limitations and gaps that we encourage the field to pursue in the future.
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Incorporating Narrative Identity into Structural Approaches to Personality and Psychopathology
Journal of Research in Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Adler, Lee Anna ClarkAbstract:Abstract Structural models that connect personality and psychopathology have tended to adopt a somewhat narrow view of personality, focused on dispositional traits. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for incorporating Narrative Identity into future research on the structure of personality and psychopathology. Narrative Identity is a well-mapped domain of personality, one with demonstrated incremental validity in the association with and prediction of psychological well-being. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the construct of Narrative Identity, situate it within the broader endeavor of integrating basic personality science with the science of psychopathology, particularly involving personality pathology, and describe an agenda for future research on this vital and largely overlooked topic.
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the distinguishing characteristics of Narrative Identity in adults with features of borderline personality disorder an empirical investigation
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2012Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Adler, Erica D Chin, Aiswarya P Kolisetty, Thomas F OltmannsAbstract:While Identity disturbance has long been considered one of the defining features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), the present study marks only the third empirical investigation to assess it and the first to do so from the perspective of research on Narrative Identity. Drawing on the rich tradition of studying Narrative Identity, the present study examined Identity disturbance in a group of 40 mid-life adults, 20 with features of BPD and a matched sample of 20 without BPD. Extensive life story interviews were analyzed for a variety of Narrative elements and the themes of agency, communion fulfillment (but not communion), and Narrative coherence significantly distinguished the stories of those people with features of BPD from those without the disorder. In addition, associations between the theme of agency and psychopathology were evident six and twelve months following the life story interview. This study seeks to bridge the mutually-informative fields of research on personality disorders and norm...
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living into the story agency and coherence in a longitudinal study of Narrative Identity development and mental health over the course of psychotherapy
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Jonathan M. AdlerAbstract:Narrative Identity is the internalized, evolving story of the self that each person crafts to provide his or her life with a sense of purpose and unity. A proliferation of empirical research studies focused on Narrative Identity have explored its relationship with psychological well-being. The present study is the first prospective, multiwave longitudinal investigation to examine short-term personality change via an emphasis on Narrative Identity as it relates to mental health. Forty-seven adults wrote rich personal Narratives prior to beginning psychotherapy and after every session over 12 assessment points while concurrently completing a measure of mental health. Narratives were coded for the themes of agency and coherence, which capture the dual aims of Narrative Identity: purpose and unity. By applying in- depth thematic coding to the stories of participants, the present study produced 47 case studies of intraindividual personality development and mental health. By employing multilevel modeling with the entire set of nearly 600 Narratives, the present study also identified robust trends of individual differences in Narrative changes as they related to improvements in mental health. Results indicated that, across participants, the theme of agency, but not coherence, increased over the course of time. In addition, increases in agency were related to improvements in participants’ mental health. Finally, lagged growth curve models revealed that changes in the theme of agency occurred prior to the associated improvements in mental health. This finding remained consistent across a variety of individual-difference variables including demographics, personality traits, and ego development.
Kate C. Mclean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Narrative Identity Processes and Patterns of Adjustment Across the Transition to College: A Developmentally Contextualized Approach
2019Co-Authors: Jennifer Lilgendahl, Kate C. McleanAbstract:Narrative Identity is a distinct level of personality that is related to psychological adjustment across the life course and is at its height of development during the emerging adult years. The present study was designed to capture a contextualized understanding of how Narrative Identity processes relate to adjustment during college. Using a four-wave longitudinal design (n = 437 participants; n = 1544 Narratives) and multi-level growth curve modeling, we examined how self-event connections coded from academic and romantic high point and low point Narratives reported at the end of the first year were related to trajectories of life satisfaction and mental health assessed four times from the summer before college to the following Fall (sophomore year). We found that positive self-event connections, especially those in romantic high points, were associated with an increase in life satisfaction. In contrast, negative self-event connections in both academic and romantic low points were predicted by higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of life satisfaction prior to the start of college. Methodological and theoretical contributions are discussed in terms of the importance of contextualizing Narrative Identity in developmental time and context, particularly for gaining a more nuanced perspective on how Identity relates to adjustment during a developmental transition.
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Narrative Identity in adolescence and adulthood: Pathways of development
2019Co-Authors: Kate C. Mclean, Jennifer LilgendahlAbstract:Narrative Identity in adolescence and adulthood: Pathways of development
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Narrative Identity in the Social World: The Press for Stability
2019Co-Authors: Kate C. Mclean, Moin Syed, Kristin Gudbjorg Haraldsson, Alexandra LoweAbstract:Narrative Identity in the Social World: The Press for Stability
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And the Story Evolves: The Development of Personal Narratives and Narrative Identity
2019Co-Authors: Kate C. McleanAbstract:The present chapter reviews research on the development of Narrative Identity in childhood, adolescence, and across adulthood. Rooted in McAdams’ (2013) three-level framework, Narrative Identity is defined as a level of personality that is more idiographic, dynamic, and contextual than traits and characteristic adaptations. Beginning in early childhood children begin to learn how to tell stories in past-event conversations with their parents. The manner in which parents talk with their children predicts those children’s own Narrative representations of themselves into adolescence. Across adolescence a depth in autobiographical reasoning grows, which allows individuals to begin to construct a life story, or Narrative Identity. Across adulthood change and stability in stories is discussed, concluding with speculations on links between developmental and personality approaches to Narrative, as well as a consideration of personality integration in adulthood.
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Narrative Identity
2017Co-Authors: Kate C. Mclean, Moin SyedAbstract:Narrative Identity is a subjective recollection of the personal past, which serves to integrate alife. Narrative Identity emerges in adolescence, with clear pre‐cursors in childhood, and withconsequence for mental health and well‐being in adolescence and adulthood. This entryreviews the theoretical foundation of the field, major dimensions of Narrative Identity, itsdevelopment, and current and future research.
Trevor P Crowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Complexity Perspective on Narrative Identity Reconstruction in Mental Health Recovery.
Qualitative health research, 2019Co-Authors: Douglas J. R. Kerr, Frank P. Deane, Trevor P CroweAbstract:The issue of complex nonlinear change processes is one of the least understood aspects of recovery and one of the most difficult to apply in recovery-oriented health care. The purpose of this article is to explore the recovery stories of 17 mental health peer support workers to understand their Narrative Identity reconstruction in recovery using a complexity perspective. Using the Life Story Model of Identity (LSMI), a Narrative thematic analysis of interviews suggests that self-mastery as part of personal agency is an important component of participants' Narrative Identity reconstruction. Self-mastery is particularly evident in redemptive story turning points (positive outcome follows negative experience). A complexity perspective suggests that participants realized their adaptive capacity in relation to self-mastery as part of recovery and that its use at story turning points critically influenced their recovery journey. Further exploring self-mastery as adaptive growth in Narrative Identity reconstruction appears to be a fruitful research direction.
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Narrative Identity Reconstruction as Adaptive Growth During Mental Health Recovery: A Narrative Coaching Boardgame Approach.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Douglas J. R. Kerr, Frank P. Deane, Trevor P CroweAbstract:Objective The purpose of this paper is to construct a conceptual framework for investigating the reconstruction of Narrative Identity in mental health recovery from a complexity perspective. This conceptual framework provides the foundation for developing a health boardgame to facilitate Narrative Identity reconstruction. Methods A selective integrative review of the theoretical and empirical literature relevant to Narrative Identity reconstruction in recovery was conducted. Sources included books, dissertations, internet resources, and professional journals. Findings The reviewed material provides a conceptual framework that offers an enriched understanding of Narrative Identity reconstruction in recovery as a process of adaptive growth. It identifies the Hero's Journey, the life story model of Identity (LSMI), and intentional change theory (ITC) as particularly relevant in informing strategies for Narrative Identity reconstruction. The conceptual framework can be operationalized in a Narrative coaching treatment approach using a boardgame. Conclusion and Implications for Practice In practice, mental health professionals could use the Narrative coaching boardgame to facilitate people's adaptive change with a focus on building skills to reconstruct their preferred Narrative Identity and foster hope. Future research should explore what aspects of Narrative Identity and non-linear dynamic processes of change are most important in people's recovery Narratives and in particular these processes can be assessed in response to the use of the boardgame.
Jefferson A. Singer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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self defining memories scripts and the life story Narrative Identity in personality and psychotherapy
Journal of Personality, 2013Co-Authors: Jefferson A. Singer, Pavel S Blagov, Meredith Berry, Kathryn M OostAbstract:An integrative model of Narrative Identity builds on a dual memory system that draws on episodic memory and a long-term self to generate autobiographical memories.Autobiographical memories related to critical goals in a lifetime period lead to life-story memories, which in turn become self-defining memories when linked to an individual’s enduring concerns. Self-defining memories that share repetitive emotion-outcome sequences yield Narrative scripts, abstracted templates that filter cognitive-affective processing.The life story is the individual’s overarching Narrative that provides unity and purpose over the life course. Healthy Narrative Identity combines memory specificity with adaptive meaning-making to achieve insight and well-being, as demonstrated through a literature review of personality and clinical research, as well as new findings from our own research program. A clinical case study drawing on this Narrative Identity model is also presented with implications for treatment and research. In 1986, the late Ted Sarbin declared that Narrative might be considered the “root metaphor” of psychology (Sarbin, 1986). In selecting this phrase, he was drawing on Stephen Pepper’s concept of a root metaphor as a “point of origin for a world hypothesis” (http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/ rootmetaphorterm.htm). This idea, that the shaping of experience into a storied form might be a central way of understanding human psychology, has indeed taken root and flourished since Sarbin wrote these words. Researchers in cognitive science (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Conway, Singer, & Tagini, 2004), developmental psychology (Habermas & Bluck, 2000; McLean, 2008; McLean & Pasupathi, 2011), personality psychology (Bauer & McAdams, 2004; Lilgendahl & McAdams, 2011; McAdams, 1985, 1996), social psychology (Baumeister, Stillwell, & Heatherton, 2001; Langens & Schuler, 2005), and clinical psychology (Angus & Greenberg, 2011; Dimaggio & Semeraris, 2004; McLeod, 1997) have embraced the study of Narrative. Because Narrative units can extend from the brief account of a single episodic memory to the fully rendered account of an individual’s life story, the scope of potential investigation into Narrative dimensions of human thought and interaction is rather daunting. However, within personality psychology, there have been efforts to rein in the study of Narrative to focus on the topic of “Narrative Identity” (McAdams & Pals, 2006; McLean, 2008; Singer, 2004) and its role in providing individuals with an overall sense of unity and purpose in their lives. In the last decade, there have been great advances in defining the key components, processes, functions, and content dimensions of Narrative Identity. As this progress has accumulated, personality and clinical psychologists interested in psychological health have begun to discern what differentiates the development and maintenance of healthy Narrative Identity from more problematic and dysfunctional forms. The definition of key factors in healthy Narrative Identity translates into invaluable information for assessment and treatment of clients in psychotherapy.
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Self‐Defining Memories, Scripts, and the Life Story: Narrative Identity in Personality and Psychotherapy
Journal of personality, 2013Co-Authors: Jefferson A. Singer, Pavel S Blagov, Meredith Berry, Kathryn M OostAbstract:An integrative model of Narrative Identity builds on a dual memory system that draws on episodic memory and a long-term self to generate autobiographical memories.Autobiographical memories related to critical goals in a lifetime period lead to life-story memories, which in turn become self-defining memories when linked to an individual’s enduring concerns. Self-defining memories that share repetitive emotion-outcome sequences yield Narrative scripts, abstracted templates that filter cognitive-affective processing.The life story is the individual’s overarching Narrative that provides unity and purpose over the life course. Healthy Narrative Identity combines memory specificity with adaptive meaning-making to achieve insight and well-being, as demonstrated through a literature review of personality and clinical research, as well as new findings from our own research program. A clinical case study drawing on this Narrative Identity model is also presented with implications for treatment and research. In 1986, the late Ted Sarbin declared that Narrative might be considered the “root metaphor” of psychology (Sarbin, 1986). In selecting this phrase, he was drawing on Stephen Pepper’s concept of a root metaphor as a “point of origin for a world hypothesis” (http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/ rootmetaphorterm.htm). This idea, that the shaping of experience into a storied form might be a central way of understanding human psychology, has indeed taken root and flourished since Sarbin wrote these words. Researchers in cognitive science (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Conway, Singer, & Tagini, 2004), developmental psychology (Habermas & Bluck, 2000; McLean, 2008; McLean & Pasupathi, 2011), personality psychology (Bauer & McAdams, 2004; Lilgendahl & McAdams, 2011; McAdams, 1985, 1996), social psychology (Baumeister, Stillwell, & Heatherton, 2001; Langens & Schuler, 2005), and clinical psychology (Angus & Greenberg, 2011; Dimaggio & Semeraris, 2004; McLeod, 1997) have embraced the study of Narrative. Because Narrative units can extend from the brief account of a single episodic memory to the fully rendered account of an individual’s life story, the scope of potential investigation into Narrative dimensions of human thought and interaction is rather daunting. However, within personality psychology, there have been efforts to rein in the study of Narrative to focus on the topic of “Narrative Identity” (McAdams & Pals, 2006; McLean, 2008; Singer, 2004) and its role in providing individuals with an overall sense of unity and purpose in their lives. In the last decade, there have been great advances in defining the key components, processes, functions, and content dimensions of Narrative Identity. As this progress has accumulated, personality and clinical psychologists interested in psychological health have begun to discern what differentiates the development and maintenance of healthy Narrative Identity from more problematic and dysfunctional forms. The definition of key factors in healthy Narrative Identity translates into invaluable information for assessment and treatment of clients in psychotherapy.
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A loss in the family: Silence, memory, and Narrative Identity after bereavement
Memory (Hove England), 2010Co-Authors: Jenna L. Baddeley, Jefferson A. SingerAbstract:Grief theories have converged on the idea that the sharing of autobiographical memory Narratives of loss and of the deceased person, especially within the family, is a major way to maintain and/or reconfigure a healthy sense of Identity after a loss. In contrast, we examine unspoken memory—the withholding of socially sharing autobiographical memories about the loss and the departed family member—as a way to either conserve an existing Narrative Identity or assert a new Narrative Identity. Depending on its context and function, silence about memory can play either a positive or negative role in an individual griever's ongoing Narrative Identity, as well as in the larger family Narrative in which the griever's Identity is embedded.
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Narrative Identity and meaning making across the adult lifespan an introduction
Journal of Personality, 2004Co-Authors: Jefferson A. SingerAbstract:In a quiet but consistent way, a new subdiscipline of personality psychology—Narrative Identity research—has emerged. Its organizing concern is how individuals employ Narratives to develop and sustain a sense of personal unity and purpose from diverse experiences across the lifespan (McAdams, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2001). Partly obscured by its interweavings with clinical, developmental, and cognitive psychology, as well as links to social psychology (e.g., Baumeister, Wotman, & Stillwell, 1993; Gergen, 1992; Sarbin, 1986), and the related social sciences of sociology and anthropology, it has sometimes seemed too diffuse or chameleonlike to identify. Finding allies in philosophy (Ricoeur, 1984), psychoanalysis (Schafer, 1981; Spence, 1982), Narrative therapy (White & Epston, 1990) and literature (e.g., Lau, 2002; Bruner & Weisser, 1991), it may have appeared too humanities-oriented to be considered a part of scientific inquiry. With its roots in the personological perspective of Henry Murray (1938), it may have been written off by some as too grand in design and similar to Murray’s noble, but daunting, efforts to capture all of the complexity of human personality. Now, however, it is clear that there is a body of midcareer and younger empirical researchers who place Narrative Identity at the center of personality. In the language of McAdams’s (1995) framework of personality, this group draws on Level 1 ‘‘Trait’’ measures,
Lee Anna Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Narrative Identity and Personality Disorder: an Empirical and Conceptual Review
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Majse Lind, Jonathan M. Adler, Lee Anna ClarkAbstract:Purpose of Review Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust approach to studying Identity focused on Narrative Identity which has been largely overlooked in studying PD. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted of studies published in the past decade that focused on how individuals manifesting personality pathology craft their Narrative Identity. Recent Findings This review revealed disturbances related to several motivational/affective themes (e.g., negative valence/valence shifts and thwarted themes of agency and communion), autobiographical reasoning (negative self-inferences), and structural elements (e.g., low coherence and fewer life script events) within the Narrative Identity of people who manifest PD. Summary Narrative Identity is disturbed in people experiencing personality pathology and may have crucial implications for enhancing our conceptual understanding of PD and for PD interventions. This review also points to several research limitations and gaps that we encourage the field to pursue in the future.
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Incorporating Narrative Identity into Structural Approaches to Personality and Psychopathology
Journal of Research in Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan M. Adler, Lee Anna ClarkAbstract:Abstract Structural models that connect personality and psychopathology have tended to adopt a somewhat narrow view of personality, focused on dispositional traits. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for incorporating Narrative Identity into future research on the structure of personality and psychopathology. Narrative Identity is a well-mapped domain of personality, one with demonstrated incremental validity in the association with and prediction of psychological well-being. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the construct of Narrative Identity, situate it within the broader endeavor of integrating basic personality science with the science of psychopathology, particularly involving personality pathology, and describe an agenda for future research on this vital and largely overlooked topic.
