The Experts below are selected from a list of 2754 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water-energy scarcity nexus risk in the National Trade system based on multiregional input-output and network environ analyses
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Yating Liu, Bin ChenAbstract:Abstract The risk of economic loss caused by water and energy scarcity can be transferred via economic trading activities. In this study, a network-based framework was proposed to assess the water/energy scarcity risk nexus in a National Trade system based on the multiregional input–output analysis (MRIOA) and the information-based network environ analysis (NEA). The initial risk of water and energy scarcity for different sectors in each province was first estimated based on the regional water stress index (WSI), energy stress index (ESI), and water and energy consumption intensity. The initial risk of water-energy scarcity nexus was also accounted for by combining the intensity-based weighting schemes. Additionally, information-based NEA technique was applied to ascertain the distributed control relationships in the currency flow networks of the MRIO table. Then, the integral water scarcity risk transmission network, the integral energy scarcity risk transmission network and the integral water-energy scarcity nexus risk transmission network can be established via combining the corresponding initial risk and the control allocation matrix. Finally, a case study was conducted in China to quantify the propagation of water-energy scarcity risk among different regions and sectors, which considers both direct risk and integral risk, in the National Trade system. The results showed that there are significant differences between the initial risk and integral risk of water-energy scarcity due to indirect effects and amplification effects in the network. Moreover, this study highlights that economic Trade could transfer local water/energy scarcity to distant regions in the National economic system, i.e., local water/energy scarcity could not only cause economic loss locally or in adjacent regions, but also have tele-connected influences over geographically distant regions via the National supply chain. Hence, the economic incentives for local water or energy system management are increasingly inadequate compared with the needs of a resilient economy. The proposed water-energy scarcity risk nexus assessment framework can provide a network-based insight for identifying vulnerable provinces and sectors of water and energy scarcity to strengthen the resilience of the National economy and boost the synergies of water and energy management.
-
Water–land Scarcity Risk Nexus in the National Trade System Based on Multiregional Input–output and Ecological Network Analyses
DEStech Transactions on Environment Energy and Earth Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Yating Liu, Saige Wang, Bin ChenAbstract:Massive amounts of water and land are exploited for rapid economic development. The increasing demand on water and land has aggravated water and land scarcity, which are posing a great risk to National economy. In this study, we proposed a network-based scarcity risk assessment framework for water-land nexus in National Trade system to investigate the vulnerability of the National economy to water and land scarcity. Based on the hydrological availability of water resource and water consumption, the water stress index was first built to assess water scarcity in each region. Similarly, based on regional land use and land resource, regional land stress index was built. Taking the stress index as initial risk, combing with the economic multiregional input-output analysis, and the information network model in ecological network analysis (ENA), the water-land scarcity risk network was established. Finally, a case study was conducted in China to quantify the water-land scarcity risk propagation among different regions and sectors, concerning both direct risk and integral risk, in the National Trade system. The results showed that disparities of regional water and land use are obvious due to the different natural endowment of water and land resources. Most studied provinces had at least slight land stress. There are significant differences between initial risk and integral risk due to network amplification effect and nexus impact. The proposed network-based scarcity risk framework for water-land nexus can identify vulnerable provinces and sectors in the National Trade network to strengthen the resilience of the National economy.
Yating Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water-energy scarcity nexus risk in the National Trade system based on multiregional input-output and network environ analyses
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Yating Liu, Bin ChenAbstract:Abstract The risk of economic loss caused by water and energy scarcity can be transferred via economic trading activities. In this study, a network-based framework was proposed to assess the water/energy scarcity risk nexus in a National Trade system based on the multiregional input–output analysis (MRIOA) and the information-based network environ analysis (NEA). The initial risk of water and energy scarcity for different sectors in each province was first estimated based on the regional water stress index (WSI), energy stress index (ESI), and water and energy consumption intensity. The initial risk of water-energy scarcity nexus was also accounted for by combining the intensity-based weighting schemes. Additionally, information-based NEA technique was applied to ascertain the distributed control relationships in the currency flow networks of the MRIO table. Then, the integral water scarcity risk transmission network, the integral energy scarcity risk transmission network and the integral water-energy scarcity nexus risk transmission network can be established via combining the corresponding initial risk and the control allocation matrix. Finally, a case study was conducted in China to quantify the propagation of water-energy scarcity risk among different regions and sectors, which considers both direct risk and integral risk, in the National Trade system. The results showed that there are significant differences between the initial risk and integral risk of water-energy scarcity due to indirect effects and amplification effects in the network. Moreover, this study highlights that economic Trade could transfer local water/energy scarcity to distant regions in the National economic system, i.e., local water/energy scarcity could not only cause economic loss locally or in adjacent regions, but also have tele-connected influences over geographically distant regions via the National supply chain. Hence, the economic incentives for local water or energy system management are increasingly inadequate compared with the needs of a resilient economy. The proposed water-energy scarcity risk nexus assessment framework can provide a network-based insight for identifying vulnerable provinces and sectors of water and energy scarcity to strengthen the resilience of the National economy and boost the synergies of water and energy management.
-
Water–land Scarcity Risk Nexus in the National Trade System Based on Multiregional Input–output and Ecological Network Analyses
DEStech Transactions on Environment Energy and Earth Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Yating Liu, Saige Wang, Bin ChenAbstract:Massive amounts of water and land are exploited for rapid economic development. The increasing demand on water and land has aggravated water and land scarcity, which are posing a great risk to National economy. In this study, we proposed a network-based scarcity risk assessment framework for water-land nexus in National Trade system to investigate the vulnerability of the National economy to water and land scarcity. Based on the hydrological availability of water resource and water consumption, the water stress index was first built to assess water scarcity in each region. Similarly, based on regional land use and land resource, regional land stress index was built. Taking the stress index as initial risk, combing with the economic multiregional input-output analysis, and the information network model in ecological network analysis (ENA), the water-land scarcity risk network was established. Finally, a case study was conducted in China to quantify the water-land scarcity risk propagation among different regions and sectors, concerning both direct risk and integral risk, in the National Trade system. The results showed that disparities of regional water and land use are obvious due to the different natural endowment of water and land resources. Most studied provinces had at least slight land stress. There are significant differences between initial risk and integral risk due to network amplification effect and nexus impact. The proposed network-based scarcity risk framework for water-land nexus can identify vulnerable provinces and sectors in the National Trade network to strengthen the resilience of the National economy.
Jonathan Gage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Evaluating WTO Accessions: The Effect of WTO Accession on National Trade Flows
2005Co-Authors: Simon J. Evenett, Jonathan GageAbstract:In recent years the benefits of WTO membership has been called into question, notably in the context of discussions on WTO accessions. Previously it was widely thought that better access to the markets of existing WTO members was the quid pro quo for adopting commitments to reform domestic policies, including border measures. Here we revisit this matter and do so by focusing on the accessions to the WTO and its predecessor the GATT of four nations: Angola, Bulgaria, Ecuador, and Jordan. For each country, first, we go to considerable length to establish the factual record concerning the evolution of each nation's Trade flows and their recent macroeconomic performance. Then, using two methodologies, we examine whether National exports and imports responded positively after accession.
Maximo Rossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Assessment of the distributive impact of National Trade reforms in Brazil
The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2012Co-Authors: Fernando Borraz, Daniel Ferrés, Maximo RossiAbstract:This paper quantifies the distributional and poverty effects of Trade liberalization in Brazil using household survey data. We estimate the consumption and labor impact of Mercosur Trade reform following the methodology suggested by Porto (J Int Econ 70:140–160, 2006) and Nicita (J Dev Econ 89(1):19–27, 2009). Results show that Trade liberalization had a pro-poor effect in Brazil. This result is largely explained by two major observations: the fact that consumption good prices decreased after Brazil entered Mercosur and a close to zero labor income effect. We find that poverty decreased after National Trade liberalization (both for women and men). Additionally, we obtained no significant inequality effects after National Trade reforms.
-
Assessment of the Distributive Impact of National and External Trade Reforms in Brazil
2009Co-Authors: Fernando Borraz, Maximo Rossi, Daniel FerrésAbstract:This paper quantifies the distributional and poverty effects of National and external Trade reform in Brazil using household survey data. We estimate the consumption and labor impact of the Mercosur Trade reform following the methodology suggested by Porto (2006). In order to analyze the impact of external Trade reforms over the Brazilian economy, we focus a major exported good: broiler. Results show that Trade liberalization benefits more low income individuals. This result is largely explained by two major observations: the fact that consumption good prices decreased as Brazil enter Mercosur and a close to zero labor income effect. Additionally, we find that poverty indicators decreased after National Trade liberalization (both for women and men). We obtained no significant inequality effects after National Trade reforms. We analyze the impact on poverty and inequality of a 10% increase the broiler world price. In general terms, we find an increase in poverty of two points and no effect on income inequality.
Yoto V. Yotov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Intra-National Trade costs: Assaying regional frictions
European Economic Review, 2019Co-Authors: Delina Agnosteva, James E. Anderson, Yoto V. YotovAbstract:Abstract The effects of intra-regional, inter-regional and interNational frictions on the Trade flows of Canada’s provinces are disentangled by gravity model techniques. Unexplained Trade Barriers (UTBs) are the difference between inter-provincial Trade barriers inferred from pair fixed effects and from bilateral distance and contiguity. The estimates reveal large intra-National Trade costs and UTBs that vary significantly across Canada’s provinces. Decomposition of UTBs into relative border effects and a systematic residual UTB is based on a novel Cobb–Douglas aggregator of intra-provincial and pure inter-provincial Trade costs. Variation of both components across provinces is big.
-
On the Bi- and Uni-lateral Trade Effects of EMU Membership
2018Co-Authors: Mario Larch, Joschka Wanner, Yoto V. YotovAbstract:We propose a simple theoretically consistent adjustment for structural gravity estimations of the EMU impact on interNational Trade. Our methods result in two contributions to the related literature. First, we show that proper control for intra-National Trade flows leads to larger, positive, and statistically significant bilateral EMU effects. Second, the introduction of intra-National Trade flows enables us to identify unilateral EMU effects on Trade between members and non-member countries. The unilateral effects are also positive, sizable and statistically significant.
-
Bi- and Unilateral Trade effects of joining the Euro
Economics Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Mario Larch, Joschka Wanner, Yoto V. YotovAbstract:We propose a simple theoretically consistent adjustment for structural gravity estimations of the EMU impact on interNational Trade. Our methods result in two contributions to the related literature. First, we show that proper control for intra-National Trade flows leads to larger, positive, and statistically significant bilateral EMU effects. The intuition is that joining the EMU promotes Trade among member countries at the expense of Trade diversion from domestic sales. Second, the introduction of intra-National Trade flows enables us to identify Unilateral effects of joining the Euro between members and non-member countries. The unilateral effects are also positive, sizable and statistically significant.
-
Intra-National Trade Costs: Measurement and Aggregation
2014Co-Authors: Delina Agnosteva, James E. Anderson, Yoto V. YotovAbstract:We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-National border barriers and intra-regional Trade costs. Bilateral border barriers very significantly depress Canadian inter-provincial Trade for some pairs, though the overall effect is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial Trade costs. Contiguity between provinces accounts for little. Intra-regional Trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and Trade flows, and alters comparative statics except in a neutral case rejected by the data. Consistent Trade cost aggregation procedures are developed and applied for groups of regions and/or sectors.
-
intra National Trade costs measurement and aggregation
2014Co-Authors: Delina Agnosteva, James E. Anderson, Yoto V. YotovAbstract:We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-National border barriers and intra-regional Trade costs. Bilateral border barriers very significantly depress Canadian inter-provincial Trade for some pairs, though the overall effect is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial Trade costs. Contiguity between provinces accounts for little. Intra-regional Trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and Trade flows, and alters comparative statics except in a neutral case rejected by the data. Consistent Trade cost aggregation procedures are developed and applied for groups of regions and/or sectors.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.