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Tito Nunes De ,castro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dispersão e impacto de Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii em área ripária na Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito - SP
'Universidad Federal de Santa Maria', 2019Co-Authors: Ramos Marli, Magro, Teresa Cristina, Hilton Thadeu Zarate Do Couto, Tito Nunes De ,castroAbstract:Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capão Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of Native Vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of Native Vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with Native Vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coeffcient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average=335), confrming its invasive potential. When the increase in Native Vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and Native Vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the Native Vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of Native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of Native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capão Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of Native Vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of Native Vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with Native Vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coefficient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average = 335), confirming its invasive potential. When the increase in Native Vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and Native Vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the Native Vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of Native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of Native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.Conduzido em uma área ripária da unidade de conservação denominada Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito - SP, este estudo avaliou, em diferentes classes de distância da plantação de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pinus): 1) a densidade de vegetação nativa, pinus com cone e pinus sem cone; 2) a área basal de vegetação nativa e pinus com cone; e 3) a umidade por frequência de ocorrência de solo seco, solo saturado superficialmente e solo inundado. O objetivo foi verificar a situação de invasão e desenvolvimento de pinus, sua relação com a vegetação nativa e com o solo. Pela Correlação de Spearman, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa no estabelecimento de pinus nas diferentes classes de distância (média = 335), confirmando seu potencial invasor. Ao observar o incremento na densidade de vegetação nativa, verifica-se a diminuição na abundância de pinus com cone, porém, ocorreu seu estabelecimento. Houve, inclusive, o recrutamento de plântulas e juvenis (pinus sem cone) que possuem capacidade de autoperpetuação por substituição aos indivíduos senis e perecidos. Ao considerar a mesma densidade de pinus com cone e de vegetação nativa, obteve-se área basal de pinus com cone oito vezes a de vegetação nativa. Esta elevada área basal indica competição por atributos ambientais, o que pode comprometer a manutenção e sobrevivência de espécies nativas a médio e longo prazo. Ocorreu maior prevalência de ocupação por pinus com cone em solo seco em detrimento das espécies nativas. Os impactos ambientais comprovados pela presença, desenvolvimento e invasão de Pinus elliottii indicam a necessidade de sua erradicação e manejo contra reinfestação
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dispersao e impacto de pinus elliottii engelm var elliottii em area riparia na floresta nacional de capao bonito sp
Ciencia Florestal, 2019Co-Authors: Marli Ramos, Hilton Thadeu Zarate Do Couto, Teresa Cristina Magro, Tito Nunes De ,castroAbstract:Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capao Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of Native Vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of Native Vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion an d d evelopment of pine, its relationship with Native Vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coeffcient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average=335), confrming its invasive potential. When the increase in Native Vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and Native Vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the Native Vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of Native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of Native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation. Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capao Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of Native Vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of Native Vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with Native Vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coefficient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average = 335), confirming its invasive potential. When the increase in Native Vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and Native Vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the Native Vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of Native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of Native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.
Ankila J Hiremath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lantana camara invasion in a heterogeneous landscape patterns of spread and correlation with changes in Native Vegetation
Biological Invasions, 2012Co-Authors: Bharath Sundaram, Ankila J HiremathAbstract:The effects of invasive species on community structure remain under-investigated due to the lack of long-term data. Our objectives were to examine the correlation between Lantana camara L. invasion and Native species abundance, distribution, diversity, and population structure, across different forest types in a heterogeneous landscape. We examined changes in Native Vegetation and L. camara between 1997 and 2008. We used existing Vegetation data from 134 plots spread across the 540 km2 landscape from 1997 and re-censused these plots in 2008. We then examined the change in species richness, Shannon’s diversity, evenness, and population structure of Native species from 1997 to 2008. We also examined the relationship between L. camara density and species richness, diversity, evenness, and population structure. The presence and abundance of L. camara increased dramatically from 1997 to 2008. L. camara occurred in 81% of plots by 2008, compared with only 41% of plots in 1997. Similarly, the mean density of L. camara increased almost fourfold from 1997 to 2008. This was accompanied by a change in Native community structure. Species richness, diversity and evenness declined significantly in some forest types, and at the landscape scale. There were also changes in the population structure of Native tree species, with reductions in the density of tree saplings, possibly due to competition with L. camara. We demonstrate the pervasive threat posed by L. camara to Native Vegetation at the scale of individual forest types, and at the larger landscape scale, in our study area. These changes have long-term consequences for forest structure and composition.
Maria Victoria Ramos Ballester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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landscape changes in a neotropical forest savanna ecotone zone in central brazil the role of protected areas in the maintenance of Native Vegetation
Journal of Environmental Management, 2017Co-Authors: Andrea Santos Garcia, Henrique O Sawakuchi, Manuel Eduardo Ferreira, Maria Victoria Ramos BallesterAbstract:In the Amazon-savanna ecotone in northwest Brazil, the understudied Araguaia River Basin contains high biodiversity and seasonal wetlands. The region is representative of tropical humid-dry ecotone zones, which have experienced intense land use and land cover (LULC) conversions. Here we assessed the LULC changes for the last four decades in the central portion of the Araguaia River Basin to understand the temporal changes in the landscape composition and configuration outside and inside protected areas. We conducted these analyzes by LULC mapping and landscape metrics based on patch classes. During this period, Native Vegetation was reduced by 26%. Forests were the most threatened physiognomy, with significant areal reduction and fragmentation. Native Vegetation cover was mainly replaced by croplands and pastures. Such replacement followed spatial and temporal trends related to the implementation of protected areas and increases in population cattle herds. The creation of most protected areas took place between 1996 and 2007, the same period during which the conversion of the landscape matrix from natural Vegetation to agriculture occurred. We observed that protected areas mitigate fragmentation, but their roles differ according to their location and level of protection. Still, we argue that landscape characteristics, such as suitability for agriculture, also influence landscape conversions and should be considered when establishing protected areas. The information provided in this study can guide new research on species conservation and landscape planning, as well as improve the understanding of the impacts of landscape composition and configuration changes.
B A Forster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil chloride and deep drainage responses to land clearing for cropping at seven sites in central queensland northern australia
Journal of Hydrology, 2009Co-Authors: B J Radford, D M Silburn, B A ForsterAbstract:Summary Soil cores were taken at seven paired sites (Native Vegetation and adjacent dryland cropping on cracking clay soils) which had been cropped for 10–65 years in the Fitzroy Basin in central Queensland, northern Australia. Levels of soil chloride (Cl − ) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 –N) were determined in 0.3 m increments to a depth of 5 m where possible. The amounts of Cl − in the soil (0–1.5 m depth) under Native Vegetation were generally high (10–23 t ha −1 at six of the seven sites). The amounts of Cl − that had leached below 1.5 m depth during dryland cropping varied from 2.2 to 16.8 t ha −1 or 19–91% of the original totals at 0–1.5 m. Leaching of salt from the crop rooting zone in combination with higher rates of deep drainage can lead to outbreaks of soil salinisation but can also increase the soil plant available water capacity (PAWC). NO 3 –N had also been leached below crop rooting depth at three sites. Such leaching not only contaminates the groundwater but also wastes crop nutrients. The transient chloride mass balance approach was used to determine mean annual rates of deep drainage below crop rooting depth (1.5 m). At all seven sites annual deep drainage was low under Native Vegetation (0.2–1.7 mm yr −1 ) but increased under dryland cropping (1.6–27.5 mm yr −1 ). Drainage losses showed an inverse relationship with plant available water content (PAWC). Drainage losses waste the limited supply of water available for dryland cropping but can be reduced by practising opportunity cropping or by growing ley (temporary) pastures in rotation with annual crops.
Sarina Macfadyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plant composition modulates arthropod pest and predator abundance evidence for culling exotics and planting Natives
Basic and Applied Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Hazel R Parry, Sarina Macfadyen, Jamie Hopkinson, Felix J J A Bianchi, Myron P Zalucki, Anne Bourne, Nancy A SchellhornAbstract:Abstract We investigate the role of plant species in crops, pasture and Native Vegetation remnants in supporting agronomic pests and their predators. The study was conducted in three Australian States and across 290 sites sampled monthly for two years. Pastures played a key role in harbouring pest species consistent across States, while Native Vegetation hosted relatively more predators than other habitat types within each State. Furthermore, Native plant species supported the lowest pest density and more predators than pests; in contrast, 75% of the exotic weed species surveyed hosted more pests than predators. Despite the role of pasture in harbouring pests, we found in NSW that pasture also supported the highest proportion of juvenile predators, while Native Vegetation remnants had the lowest. Our results indicate that non-crop habitat (Native remnants or pasture) with few exotic weeds supports high predator and low pest arthropod densities, and that weeds are associated with high pest densities. By linking broad response variables such as ‘all pests’ with specific predictors such as ‘plant species’, our study will inform on-farm management actions of which weeds to control and which Natives to plant or regenerate. This study shows the importance of knowing the function of habitats and plants species in supporting pests and predators in agricultural landscapes across multiple regions.
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early season movement dynamics of phytophagous pest and natural enemies across a Native Vegetation crop ecotone
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Sarina Macfadyen, Jamie Hopkinson, Hazel R Parry, Matthew J Neave, Felix J J A Bianchi, Myron P Zalucki, Nancy A SchellhornAbstract:There is limited understanding about how insect movement patterns are influenced by landscape features, and how landscapes can be managed to suppress pest phytophage populations in crops. Theory suggests that the relative timing of pest and natural enemy arrival in crops may influence pest suppression. However, there is a lack of data to substantiate this claim. We investigate the movement patterns of insects from Native Vegetation (NV) and discuss the implications of these patterns for pest control services. Using bi-directional interception traps we quantified the number of insects crossing an NV/crop ecotone relative to a control crop/crop interface in two agricultural regions early in the growing season. We used these data to infer patterns of movement and net flux. At the community-level, insect movement patterns were influenced by ecotone in two out of three years by region combinations. At the functional-group level, pests and parasitoids showed similar movement patterns from NV very soon after crop emergence. However, movement across the control interface increased towards the end of the early-season sampling period. Predators consistently moved more often from NV into crops than vice versa, even after crop emergence. Not all species showed a significant response to ecotone, however when a response was detected, these species showed similar patterns between the two regions. Our results highlight the importance of NV for the recruitment of natural enemies for early season crop immigration that may be potentially important for pest suppression. However, NV was also associated with crop immigration by some pest species. Hence, NV offers both opportunities and risks for pest management. The development of targeted NV management may reduce the risk of crop immigration by pests, but not of natural enemies.
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edges in agricultural landscapes species interactions and movement of natural enemies
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sarina Macfadyen, W J MullerAbstract:Agricultural landscapes can be characterized as a mosaic of habitat patches interspersed with hostile matrix, or as a gradient of patches ranging from suitable to unsuitable for different species. Arthropods moving through these landscapes encounter a range of edges, with different permeability. Patches of Native Vegetation in these landscapes may support natural enemies of crop pests by providing alternate hosts for parasitic wasps and/or acting as a source for predatory insects. We test this by quantifying species interactions and measuring movement across different edge-types. A high diversity of parasitoid species used hosts in the Native Vegetation patches, however we recorded few instances of the same parasitoid species using hosts in both the Native Vegetation and the crop (canola). However, we did find overall greater densities of parasitoids moving from Native Vegetation into the crop. Of the parasitoid groups examined, parasitoids of aphids (Braconidae: Aphidiinae) frequently moved from Native Vegetation into canola. In contrast, parasitoids of caterpillars (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) moved commonly from cereal fields into canola. Late season samples showed both aphids and parasitoids moving frequently out of Native Vegetation, in contrast predators moved less commonly from Native Vegetation (across the whole season). The season-long net advantage or disadvantage of Native Vegetation for pest control services is therefore difficult to evaluate. It appears that the different edge-types alter movement patterns of natural enemies more so than herbivorous pest species, and this may impact pest control services.
